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Luo W, Diao Q, Lv L, Li T, Ma P, Song D. A novel NIR fluorescent probe for enhanced β-galactosidase detection and tumor imaging in ovarian cancer models. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124411. [PMID: 38728851 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of biological imaging techniques critically depends on the development of novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes. In this study, we introduce a designed NIR fluorescent probe, NRO-βgal, which exhibits a unique off-on response mechanism to β-galactosidase (β-gal). Emitting a fluorescence peak at a wavelength of 670 nm, NRO-βgal showcases a significant Stokes shift of 85 nm, which is indicative of its efficient energy transfer and minimized background interference. The probe achieves a remarkably low in vitro detection limit of 0.2 U/L and demonstrates a rapid response within 10 min, thereby underscoring its exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and operational swiftness. Such superior analytical performance broadens the horizon for its application in intricate biological imaging studies. To validate the practical utility of NRO-βgal in bio-imaging, we employed ovarian cancer cell and mouse models, where the probe's efficacy in accurately delineating tumor cells was examined. The results affirm NRO-βgal's capability to provide sharp, high-contrast images of tumor regions, thereby significantly enhancing the precision of surgical tumor resection. Furthermore, the probe's potential for real-time monitoring of enzymatic activity in living tissues underscores its utility as a powerful tool for diagnostics in oncology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Luo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, China
| | - Quanping Diao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, China.
| | - Linlin Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, China
| | - Tiechun Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization for Natural Products Active Molecules, School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, China
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2
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Hu Y, Luo H, Zhao L, Guo X, Wang S, Hu R, Yang G. A chalcone-based ESIPT and AIE fluorophore for β-gal imaging in living cells. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1850-1858. [PMID: 38345427 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01953e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase (β-gal), which is responsible for the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond of lactose to galactose, has been recognized as an important biomarker of cell or organism status, especially cell senescence and primary ovarian cancer. Extensive efforts have been devoted to develop probes for detecting and visualizing β-gal in cells. Herein, a fluorescent probe gal-HCA which possesses both excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties was prepared to monitor β-gal in living cells. The probe consists of 2-hydroxy-4'-dimethylamino-chalcone (HCA) capped with a D-galactose group. The cleavage of the glycosidic bond in gal-HCA triggered by β-gal releases HCA, which results in a significant bathochromic shift in fluorescence from 532 to 615 nm. The probe exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity toward β-gal with a detection limit as low as 0.0122 U mL-1. The confocal imaging investigation demonstrated the potential of gal-HCA in monitoring the endocellular overexpressed β-gal in senescent cells and ovarian cancer cells. This study provides a straightforward approach for the development of fluorescent probes to monitor β-gal and detection of β-gal-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Haiyan Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Luyao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xudong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Rui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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3
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Li L, Jia F, Li Y, Peng Y. Design strategies and biological applications of β-galactosidase fluorescent sensor in ovarian cancer research and beyond. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3010-3023. [PMID: 38239445 PMCID: PMC10795002 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta-galactosidase (β-galactosidase), a lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme, plays a critical role in the catalytic hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, leading to the conversion of lactose into galactose. This hydrolytic enzyme is used as a biomarker in various applications, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), gene expression studies, tuberculosis classification, and in situ hybridization. β-Galactosidase abnormalities are linked to various diseases, such as ganglioside deposition, primary ovarian cancer, and cell senescence. Thus, effective detection of β-galactosidase activity may aid disease diagnoses and treatment. Activatable optical probes with high sensitivity, specificity, and spatiotemporal resolution imaging capabilities have become powerful tools for visualization and real time tracking in vivo in the past decade. This manuscript reviews the sensing mechanism, molecular design strategies, and advances of fluorescence probes in the biological application of β-galactosidase, particularly in the field of ovarian cancer research. Current challenges in tracking β-galactosidase and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Guangzhou 518000 People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Jia
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Guangzhou 518000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiu Li
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Guangzhou 518000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital Guangzhou 518000 People's Republic of China
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Li X, Liu C, Zhu H, Wang K, Ren X, Ma L, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhu B. Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes with the function of targeting cancer receptors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5947-5977. [PMID: 37909733 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is "the sword of Damocles" that threatens human life and health. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been receiving much attention. Many overexpressed receptors on the surface of cancer cells provide us with an effective way to specifically identify the cancer cells, and receptor targeting strategies are becoming one of the hot ideas to enhance the ability of fluorescent probes to target tumors. Fluorescent probes connected to ligands are targeted at cancer cell surfaces through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Receptor-targeting probes can image and track cancer cells, determine tumor boundaries, monitor deep lesions, and play a role in clinical medicine, such as fluorescent imaging-guided surgery. In this review, based on the perspective of small molecule fluorescent probes, we reviewed the design ideas, photophysical properties, and applications of receptor-targeting probes for detecting biomarkers in imaging and tracing cancer cells and prospected the future developmental direction of such probes. We hope that this review will provide more ideas for the design and development of active targeting probes for receptors and lead to more applications in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Hanchuang Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ren
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Lixue Ma
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Feng B, Chu F, Bi A, Huang X, Fang Y, Liu M, Chen F, Li Y, Zeng W. Fidelity-oriented fluorescence imaging probes for beta-galactosidase: From accurate diagnosis to precise treatment. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108244. [PMID: 37652143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Beta-galactosidase (β-gal), a typical glycosidase catalyzing the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, is regarded as a vital biomarker for cell senescence and cancer occurrence. Given the advantages of high spatiotemporal resolution, high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and being free of ionizing radiations, fluorescent imaging technology provides an excellent choice for in vivo imaging of β-gal. In this review, we detail the representative biotech advances of fluorescence imaging probes for β-gal bearing diverse fidelity-oriented improvements to elucidate their future potential in preclinical research and clinical application. Next, we propose the comprehensive design strategies of imaging probes for β-gal with respect of high fidelity. Considering the systematic implementation approaches, a range of high-fidelity imaging-guided theragnostic are adopted for the individual β-gal-associated biological scenarios. Finally, current challenges and future trends are proposed to promote the next development of imaging agents for individual and specific application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Feiyi Chu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Anyao Bi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China; Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Fang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Meihui Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha 410013, PR China.
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Kim Y, Li H, Choi J, Boo J, Jo H, Hyun JY, Shin I. Glycosidase-targeting small molecules for biological and therapeutic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7036-7070. [PMID: 37671645 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosidases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages in oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. These enzymes play a vital role in a wide variety of biological events, such as digestion of nutritional carbohydrates, lysosomal catabolism of glycoconjugates, and posttranslational modifications of glycoproteins. Abnormal glycosidase activities are associated with a variety of diseases, particularly cancer and lysosomal storage disorders. Owing to the physiological and pathological significance of glycosidases, the development of small molecules that target these enzymes is an active area in glycoscience and medicinal chemistry. Research efforts carried out thus far have led to the discovery of numerous glycosidase-targeting small molecules that have been utilized to elucidate biological processes as well as to develop effective chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we describe the results of research studies reported since 2018, giving particular emphasis to the use of fluorescent probes for detection and imaging of glycosidases, activity-based probes for covalent labelling of these enzymes, glycosidase inhibitors, and glycosidase-activatable prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joohee Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyeon Boo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyemi Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen S, Ma X, Wang H, Wang L, Wu Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Fan W, Niu C, Hou S. Visualize intracellular β-galactosidase using an asymmetric near-infrared fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1272:341482. [PMID: 37355329 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
β-galactosidase (β-Gal) is an important biomarker of cell senescence and primary ovarian cancer. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a near-infrared fluorescent probe with deep tissue penetration and a high signal-to-noise ratio for visualization of β-galactosidase in biological systems. However, most near-infrared probes tend to have small Stokes shifts and low signal-to-noise ratios due to crosstalk between excitation and emission spectra. Using d-galactose residues as specific recognition units and near-infrared dye TJ730 as fluorophores, a near-infrared fluorescence probe SN-CR with asymmetric structure was developed for the detection of β-Gal. The probe has a fast reaction equilibrium time (<12 min) with β-Gal, excellent biocompatibility, near-infrared emission (738 nm), low detection limit (0.0029 U/mL), and no crosstalk between the excitation spectrum and emission spectrum (Stokes shifts 142 nm) of the probe. Cell imaging studies have shown that SN-CR can visually trace β-Gal in different cells and distinguish ovarian cancer cells from other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Chen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Haijie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yiyi Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wenkang Fan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Caoyuan Niu
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Shicong Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Zhao J, Ma T, Chang B, Fang J. Recent Progress on NIR Fluorescent Probes for Enzymes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185922. [PMID: 36144654 PMCID: PMC9503431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of diseases’ biomarkers are enzymes, and the regulation of enzymes is fundamental but crucial. Biological system disorders and diseases can result from abnormal enzymatic activity. Given the biological significance of enzymes, researchers have devised a plethora of tools to map the activity of particular enzymes in order to gain insight regarding their function and distribution. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging studies on enzymes may help to better understand their roles in living systems due to their natural imaging advantages. We review the NIR fluorescent probe design strategies that have been attempted by researchers to develop NIR fluorescent sensors of enzymes, and these works have provided deep and intuitive insights into the study of enzymes in biological systems. The recent enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probes and their applications in imaging are summarized, and the prospects and challenges of developing enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probes are discussed.
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Gai F, Guo X, Ding G, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zuo Y. Turn-on silicon-based fluorescent probe for visualizing endogenous CO during hypoxia. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01696f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A turn-on fluorescent probe for the fast imaging of endogenous CO has been developed and applied under different stimuli and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Gai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Guo
- Leibniz-Institute für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Guowei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
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