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Chen L, De Longhi E, Pons A, Buffeteau T, Daugey N, Redon P, Shinkaruk S, Darriet P. Identification, Quantitation, and Sensory Evaluation of Thiols in Bordeaux Red Wine with Characteristic Aging Bouquet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16248-16259. [PMID: 37862129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Great Bordeaux red wines are known for their distinctive aging bouquet. However, the nature of volatile chemicals underpinning this sensory expression is not fully understood. This work investigated the empyreumatic aging bouquet of a collection of premium Bordeaux red wines using silver-ion (Ag+) solid-phase extraction, cryogenic heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry/olfactometry, and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In doing so, a substantial number of "meaty" odors were revealed. Three detected "meaty" notes were tentatively or unequivocally attributed to furan thiols. Among them, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-thiol (1) with a pleasant "meaty" aroma was reported in wine for the first time. Its trans isomer (trans-1a) was resolved from its racemate by chemical modification, which confirmed its presence in wine. The odor detection threshold of trans-1a in the model wine was determined at 55 ng/L. Moreover, an additive effect between 1 and literature-known 2-methyl-3-furanthiol was observed. By a new ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method, the concentration of trans-1a, in addition to those of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and 2-furfuryl thiol, was measured in the wines at ng/L levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Emilio De Longhi
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse, 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Alexandre Pons
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- Seguin Moreau France, Z.I. Merpins, BP 94, 16103 Cognac, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Daugey
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Pascaline Redon
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Svitlana Shinkaruk
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33170 Gradignan, France
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Pua A, Huang Y, Vivian Goh RM, Ee KH, Li L, Cornuz M, Lassabliere B, Jublot L, Liu SQ, Yu B. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography of Organosulfur Compounds in Coffee and Structure-Odor Analysis of 2-Methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-one. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4337-4345. [PMID: 36861492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) in coffee remain challenging to analyze by conventional gas chromatography (GC) due to their low concentrations amid coffee's complex matrix and susceptibility to chiral-odor influences. In this study, multidimensional GC (MDGC) methods were developed to profile OSCs in coffee. Conventional GC was compared to comprehensive GC (GC×GC) for untargeted OSC analysis in eight specialty coffees, and GC×GC was found to improve the fingerprinting of OSCs in coffee (50 vs 16 OSCs identified). Of the 50 OSCs, 2-methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-one (2-MTHT) was of high interest due to its chirality and known aroma contribution. Following that, a heart-cutting method for chiral GC (GC-GC) was developed, validated, and applied to the coffees. The mean enantiomer ratio of 2-MTHT was observed to be 1.56 (R/S) in brewed coffees. Overall, MDGC techniques allowed for more comprehensive analyses of coffee OSCs, from which (R)-2-MTHT was found to be the predominant enantiomer with the lower odor threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Pua
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yunle Huang
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Rui Min Vivian Goh
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Kim-Huey Ee
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Lingyi Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Maurin Cornuz
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Lassabliere
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Lionel Jublot
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Bin Yu
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Singapore
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Pua A, Goh RMV, Huang Y, Tang VCY, Ee KH, Cornuz M, Liu SQ, Lassabliere B, Yu B. Recent advances in analytical strategies for coffee volatile studies: Opportunities and challenges. Food Chem 2022; 388:132971. [PMID: 35462220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coffee has attracted significant research interest owing to its complex volatile composition and aroma, which imparts a pleasant sensorial experience that remains challenging to analyse and interpret. This review summarises analytical challenges associated with coffee's volatile and matrix complexity, and recent developments in instrumental techniques to resolve them. The benefits of state-of-the-art analytical techniques applied to coffee volatile analysis from experimental design to sample preparation, separation, detection, and data analysis are evaluated. Complementary method selection coupled with progressive experimental design and data analysis are vital to unravel the increasing comprehensiveness of coffee volatile datasets. Considering this, analytical workflows for conventional, targeted, and untargeted coffee volatile analyses are thus proposed considering the trends towards sorptive extraction, multidimensional gas chromatography, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In conclusion, no single analytical method addresses coffee's complexity in its entirely, and volatile analysis must be tailored to the key objectives and concerns of the analyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Pua
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Sigapore
| | - Rui Min Vivian Goh
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Yunle Huang
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Sigapore
| | - Vivien Chia Yen Tang
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Kim-Huey Ee
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Maurin Cornuz
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Sigapore.
| | - Benjamin Lassabliere
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore
| | - Bin Yu
- Mane SEA Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-17/18/19 Synapse, Singapore 138623, Sigapore.
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Chen L, Darriet P. Qualitative Screening of Volatile Thiols in Wine by Selective Silver Ion Solid-Phase Extraction with Heart-Cutting Multidimensional Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry/Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4701-4711. [PMID: 35404059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical analysis of odorous volatile thiols is intrinsically challenging. Substantial progress has been made in quantitative analysis of targeted thiols at ultra-trace concentrations (ng/L), but lesser analytical attention has been given to the qualitative screening of unknown thiols. This work presents a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using a silver ion (Ag+)-based sorbent to isolate volatile thiols from red wine. This proposed Ag+ SPE method was effective (recovery: 87-101% for four non-furan thiols and 35-49% for two furan thiols), simple, safe, and greatly reduced artifacts, testifying to its suitability as the sample preparation protocol for a qualitative screening experiment. Separation and detection were conducted using heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry/olfactometry (H/C MDGC-MS/O). Key parameters including H/C width, main host oven temperature, and cryogenic trapping temperature were investigated for optimal instrument performance. The developed Ag+ SPE H/C MDGC-MS/O strategy was readily applicable for qualitative screening of odorous volatile thiols in wine, as demonstrated by two case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UMR1366 Œnologie, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Darriet
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UMR1366 Œnologie, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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