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Hasan MM, Razu MH, Akter S, Mou SA, Islam M, Khan M. Development and validation of a non-invasive method for quantifying amino acids in human saliva. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22292-22303. [PMID: 39010921 PMCID: PMC11247435 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As an analytical matrix, saliva has superior characteristics than blood and urine. Saliva collection is, first and foremost, non-invasive, making it convenient, painless, and secure for more susceptible people. Second, it does not need professional training for medical personnel, resulting in cost-effectiveness and suitability for extensive collection in support of research. In this study, we developed a method and used it to quantify 13 salivary-free amino acid (SFAA) profiles to support the early clinical diagnosis of diseases using LC-MS/MS. Using an Intrada Amino Acid column (100 × 3 mm, 3 μm), chromatographic separation was accomplished with a binary gradient elution, and an electrospray ionisation source running in the positive ionisation mode was chosen for data collection using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Amino acids were extracted from saliva using acetonitrile. In the MRM mode, LODs and LOQs for ten amino acids were in the range of 0.06-2.50 μM and 0.19-7.58 μM, respectively, and those values were in the range of 1.00-3.00 μM and 3.00-8.50 μM, respectively, for three amino acids. Matrix-matched six-point calibration curves showed a linear correlation coefficient (r 2) of ≥0.998. Recovery experiments validated the method by spiking the control sample at three different concentration levels (5, 50 and 100 μM), and the accuracy level was 85-110%. Except for Thr and Ser, intra- (n = 3) and inter-day (n = 3) precision fell between 0.02 and 7.28. Salivary amino acids can serve as possible biomarkers for various malignancies, with fluctuations in body fluids being crucial for cancer diagnosis; therefore, examining amino acid patterns in saliva can assist in early cancer detection. LC-MS offers improved selectivity and sensitivity for non-derivatised amino acid analysis, surpassing conventional methods and offering proactive quality assurance, making it suitable for complicated sample matrices. These discoveries could be significant in investigating new pathways and cancer treatments and looking for possible AA biomarkers for other malignancies and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mamudul Hasan Razu
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Akter
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akter Mou
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Minhazul Islam
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mala Khan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
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Yin X, Sousa LS, André B, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. Quantification of amino acids secreted by yeast cells by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400318. [PMID: 38982556 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the levels of amino acids (AAs) in biological cell cultures provides key information to understand the regulation of cell growth and metabolism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can naturally excrete AAs, making accurate detection and determination of amino acid levels within the cultivation medium pivotal for gaining insights into this still poorly known process. Given that most AAs lack ultraviolet (UV) chromophores or fluorophores necessary for UV and fluorescence detection, derivatization is commonly utilized to enhance amino acid detectability via UV absorption. Unfortunately, this can lead to drawbacks such as derivative instability, labor intensiveness, and poor reproducibility. Hence, this study aimed to develop an accurate and stable hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the separation of all 20 AAs within a short 17-min run time. The method provides satisfactory linearity and sensitivity for all analytes. The method has been validated for intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability. It has been successfully applied to quantify 20 AAs in samples of yeast cultivation medium. This endeavor seeks to enhance our comprehension of amino acid profiles in the context of cell growth and metabolism within yeast cultivation media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luís Santos Sousa
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell Lab, Biopark - IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bruno André
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell Lab, Biopark - IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yu X, Zhang W, Xin L, Xu S, Cheng J. Evaluation of flavor substances of rice bran kvass based on electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101161. [PMID: 38434692 PMCID: PMC10904896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the electronic nose (E-nose) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the volatiles of rice bran kvass (RBK) with the reference of Qiulin kvass (QLK). Meanwhile, the flavor amino acids of RBK before and after fermentation were determined. The results showed that the kinds of kvass remained consistent in terms of the overall category of volatiles while there were differences in content between them (p < 0.05). A total of 35 volatile compounds, mainly including esters, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, and acids, were identified by GC-MS in the two kinds of kvass. In addition, the total essential amino acid content and the total sweet amino acid content of RBK increased significantly (p < 0.05) after fermentation. RBK contains both the main flavor of kvass and its own unique characteristics, making it a new member of the Kvass family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Liying Xin
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Su Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Zhao R, Huang B, Lu G, Fu S, Ying J, Zhao Y. A Practical Method for Amino Acid Analysis by LC-MS Using Precolumn Derivatization with Urea. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087332. [PMID: 37108497 PMCID: PMC10138926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) analysis is important in biochemistry, food science, and clinical medicine. However, due to intrinsic limitations, AAs usually require derivatization to improve their separation and determination. Here, we present a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the derivatization of AAs using the simple agent urea. The reactions proceed quantitatively under a wide range of conditions without any pretreatment steps. Urea-derivatized products (carbamoyl amino acids) of 20 AAs exhibit better separation on reversed-phase columns and increased response in a UV detector compared to underivatized ones. We applied this approach to AA analysis in complex samples using a cell culture media as a model, and it showed potential for the determination of oligopeptides. This fast, simple, and inexpensive method should be useful for AA analysis in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjin Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Biling Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Songsen Fu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianxi Ying
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zapata E, Leito I, Herodes K. Positive + negative is not equal to zero: Use of negative ionisation as analyte identity confirmation tool in LC-ESI-MS analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2022; 28:107-112. [PMID: 36200435 DOI: 10.1177/14690667221130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study the use of negative electrospray ionisation mode as a confirmation tool for identifying derivatized amino acids using LC-ESI-MS, was evaluated. The derivatization reagent was based on azobenzene N-hydroxysuccinimide carbamate. The results indicate that even though negative ionisation mode produced less intense peaks, the ratio of peak area of quantifier ion (obtained in positive mode) to the qualifier (or identifier) ion measured in negative mode meets the requirements established by two prominent validation guidelines: SANTE/11312/2021 and 2002/657/EC. Therefore, the use of product ions obtained via negative transitions as qualifier ions, while using product ions from positive transitions as quantifier ions is a fruitful approach that widens the choice of transitions to choose from for obtaining suitable qualifier ions. This methodology was applied to the LC-ESI-MS/MS determination of amino acids in different beverages (tomato juice, watermelon juice, kvass).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Zapata
- Institute of Chemistry, 37546University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, 37546University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, 37546University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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