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Aldakhil F, Alarfaj NA, Al-Tamimi SA, El-Tohamy MF. A Dual-Mode Spectrophotometric and Fluorescent Probe Based on Lignin-Derived Carbon Dots for the Detection of Atorvastatin Calcium in a Bulk Powder and a Commercial Product. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03745-2. [PMID: 38814526 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Recently, dual-mode techniques have garnered considerable attention and have been shown to be effective approaches for biomedical analysis and environmental monitoring. A novel and simple dual-mode spectrophotometric and fluorometric probe based on lignin-derived carbon dots (LCDs) was developed to detect atorvastatin calcium (ATS) in a bulk powder and its commercial product. The synthesized LCDs exhibit exceptional fluorescence characteristics and are highly soluble in water while maintaining reasonable stability. The average particle size of the LCDs was 3.42 ± 1.03 nm. The characterization of the produced LCDs indicated a structure resembling graphene oxide with the presence of several functional groups. The developed LCDs show a good fluorescence quantum yield of 32.2%. The fluorescence of the LCDs is quenched by ATS at an emission wavelength of 315 nm after excitation at 275 nm through dynamic and static quenching mechanisms. The optimal reaction conditions for the dual-mode reaction were a pH of 9 and 0.05 mL of the LCDs, which were measured after 3 min at 30 °C by spectrophotometry, followed by 7 min at 20 °C by fluorometric methods. According to the spectrophotometric results, the response of ATS was linear in the range of 4.0-100.0 µg/mL, while according to the fluorometric results, the dynamic range was 3.0-50.0 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.97 µg/mL and 2.95 µg/mL for the fluorometric method, respectively. The nanoprobe effectively analyzed ATS in medication samples and yielded good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Aldakhil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma A Al-Tamimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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Dai C, Xiong H, He R, Zhu C, Li P, Guo M, Gou J, Mei M, Kong D, Li Q, Wee ATS, Fang X, Kong J, Liu Y, Wei D. Electro-Optical Multiclassification Platform for Minimizing Occasional Inaccuracy in Point-of-Care Biomarker Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312540. [PMID: 38288781 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
On-site diagnostic tests that accurately identify disease biomarkers lay the foundation for self-healthcare applications. However, these tests routinely rely on single-mode signals and suffer from insufficient accuracy, especially for multiplexed point-of-care tests (POCTs) within a few minutes. Here, this work develops a dual-mode multiclassification diagnostic platform that integrates an electrochemiluminescence sensor and a field-effect transistor sensor in a microfluidic chip. The microfluidic channel guides the testing samples to flow across electro-optical sensor units, which produce dual-mode readouts by detecting infectious biomarkers of tuberculosis (TB), human rhinovirus (HRV), and group B streptococcus (GBS). Then, machine-learning classifiers generate three-dimensional (3D) hyperplanes to diagnose different diseases. Dual-mode readouts derived from distinct mechanisms enhance the anti-interference ability physically, and machine-learning-aided diagnosis in high-dimensional space reduces the occasional inaccuracy mathematically. Clinical validation studies with 501 unprocessed samples indicate that the platform has an accuracy approaching 99%, higher than the 77%-93% accuracy of rapid point-of-care testing technologies at 100% statistical power (>150 clinical tests). Moreover, the diagnosis time is 5 min without a trade-off of accuracy. This work solves the occasional inaccuracy issue of rapid on-site diagnosis, endowing POCT systems with the same accuracy as laboratory tests and holding unique prospects for complicated scenes of personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huiwen Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui He
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pintao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jian Gou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Miaomiao Mei
- Yizheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 211400, China
| | - Derong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Hsu CY, Saleh RO, Pallathadka H, Kumar A, Mansouri S, Bhupathi P, Jasim Ali SH, Al-Mashhadani ZI, Alzubaidi LH, Hizam MM. Advances in electrochemical-optical dual-mode biosensors for detection of environmental pathogens. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1306-1322. [PMID: 38344759 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques are commonly used to analyze and screen various environmental pathogens. When used in conjunction with other optical recognition methods, it can extend the sensing range, lower the detection limit, and offer mutual validation. Nowadays, electrochemical-optical dual-mode biosensors have ensured the accuracy of test results by integrating two signals into one, indicating their potential use in primary food safety quantitative assays and screening tests. Particularly, visible optical signals from electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode biosensors could meet the demand for real-time screening of microbial pathogens. While electrochemical-optical dual-mode probes have been receiving increasing attention, there is limited emphasis on the design approaches for sensors intended for microbial pathogens. Here, we review the recent progress in the merging of optical and electrochemical techniques, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This study particularly emphasizes the reporting of various sensing performances, including sensing principles, types, cutting-edge design approaches, and applications. Finally, some concerns and upcoming advancements in dual-mode probes are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Sofiene Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Priyadharshini Bhupathi
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Laith H Alzubaidi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Manar Mohammed Hizam
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
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Korram J, Anbalagan AC, Banerjee A, Sawant SN. Bio-conjugated carbon dots for the bimodal detection of prostate cancer biomarkers via sandwich fluorescence and electrochemical immunoassays. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:742-751. [PMID: 38165823 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Bimodal detection facilitates the accurate and reliable detection of cancer biomarkers, which can assist in the early diagnosis of cancer. Herein, S-doped carbon dots (OCDs) with a size of 3 nm and blue emission were synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of onion extract. The S-doped carbon dots were bioconjugated with an antibody (OCDs@PSAAbHRP) to design a nanoprobe for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA), an important serum based prostate cancer biomarker. The detection probe enabled the biomodal assay of PSA via fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) and electrochemical immunoassay (ECIA). In both assays, polyethylenimine stabilized polyaniline nanoparticles (PNPs) were used as the immobilization matrix, which played a major role in widening the linear range of biosensors (0.1 to 100 ng ml-1 for ECIA and 5 to 120 ng ml-1 for FIA). Paper-based and smartphone-integrated fluorescence immuno-array developed using the OCDs@PSAAbHRP detection probe provided cost-effective and rapid detection, while the electrochemical immunoassay provided a high sensitivity (7.8 μA ng-1 ml-1 cm-2) and low detection limit (38 pg ml-1) for PSA detection. The role of OCDs in enhancing the sensor performance was deciphered by carrying out detailed electrochemical studies with HRP enzyme-loaded OCDs. The biosensor was used to detect PSA in human blood serum samples and the results were consistent with conventional techniques. Owing to its analytical properties coupled with simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and portability, the bimodal sensor system has potential for application in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Korram
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | | | - Anannya Banerjee
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Shilpa N Sawant
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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