1
|
Sareen N, Abu-El-Rub E, Ammar HI, Yan W, Sequiera GL, ShamsEldeen AM, Moudgil M, Dhingra R, Shokry HS, Rashed LA, Kirshenbaum LA, Dhingra S. Hypoxia-induced downregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 leads to the loss of immunoprivilege of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:15236-15251. [PMID: 32959405 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001478r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and healthy donors are reported to hold the potential to treat several immunological and degenerative disorders. However, recent data from animal studies and clinical trials demonstrate that immunogenicity and poor survival of transplanted MSCs impaired the efficacy of cells for regenerative applications. It is reported that initially immunoprivileged under in vitro conditions, MSCs are targeted by the host immune system after transplantation in the ischemic tissues in vivo. We performed in vitro (in MSCs) and in vivo (in the rat model of myocardial infarction [MI]) studies to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the change in the immunophenotype of MSCs from immunoprivileged to immunogenic under ischemic conditions. We have recently reported that a soluble factor prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) preserves the immunoprivilege of allogeneic MSCs. In the current study, we found that PGE2 levels, which were elevated during normoxia, decreased in MSCs following exposure to hypoxia. Further, we found that proteasome-mediated degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2, rate-limiting enzyme in PGE2 biosynthesis) in hypoxic MSCs is responsible for PGE2 decrease and loss of immunoprivilege of MSCs. While investigating the mechanisms of COX2 degradation in hypoxic MSCs, we found that in normoxic MSCs, COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) binds to COX2 and prevents its degradation by the proteasome. However, exposure to hypoxia leads to a decrease in CSN5 levels and its binding to COX2, rendering COX2 protein susceptible to proteasome-mediated degradation. This subsequently causes PGE2 downregulation and loss of immunoprivilege of MSCs. Maintaining COX2 levels in MSCs preserves immunoprivilege in vitro and improves the survival of transplanted MSCs in a rat model of MI. These data provide novel mechanistic evidence that PGE2 is downregulated in hypoxic MSCs which is responsible for the post-transplantation rejection of allogeneic MSCs. Therefore, our data suggest that the new strategies that target CSN5-COX2 signaling may improve survival and utility of transplanted allogeneic MSCs in the ischemic heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hania I Ammar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Weiang Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Glen Lester Sequiera
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Asmaa M ShamsEldeen
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meenal Moudgil
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rimpy Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Heba S Shokry
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hypoxia-induced shift in the phenotype of proteasome from 26S toward immunoproteasome triggers loss of immunoprivilege of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:419. [PMID: 32499535 PMCID: PMC7272449 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are immunoprivileged and are being investigated in phase I and phase II clinical trials to treat different degenerative and autoimmune diseases. In spite of encouraging outcome of initial trials, the long-term poor survival of transplanted cells in the host tissue has declined the overall enthusiasm. Recent analyses of allogeneic MSCs based studies confirm that after transplantation in the hypoxic or ischemic microenvironment of diseased tissues, MSCs become immunogenic and are rejected by recipient immune system. The immunoprivilege of MSCs is preserved by absence or negligible expression of cell surface antigen, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRα. We found that in normoxic MSCs, 26S proteasome degrades HLA-DRα and maintains immunoprivilege of MSCs. The exposure to hypoxia leads to inactivation of 26S proteasome and formation of immunoproteasome in MSCs, which is associated with upregulation and activation of HLA-DRα, and as a result, MSCs become immunogenic. Furthermore, inhibition of immunoproteasome formation in hypoxic MSCs preserves the immunoprivilege. Therefore, hypoxia-induced shift in the phenotype of proteasome from 26S toward immunoproteasome triggers loss of immunoprivilege of allogeneic MSCs. The outcome of the current study may provide molecular targets to plan interventions to preserve immunoprivilege of allogeneic MSCs in the hypoxic or ischemic environment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
4
|
Huang XP, Ludke A, Dhingra S, Guo J, Sun Z, Zhang L, Weisel RD, Li RK. Class II transactivator knockdown limits major histocompatibility complex II expression, diminishes immune rejection, and improves survival of allogeneic bone marrow stem cells in the infarcted heart. FASEB J 2016; 30:3069-82. [PMID: 27221978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600331r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate how to overcome immunorejection associated with allogeneic stem cell therapy in the infarcted heart. Allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation increases major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) expression, inducing transition from immunoprivileged to immunogenic phenotype. MHC II expression is regulated by the class II transactivator (CIITA). We isolated and characterized mouse and human MSCs and knocked down CIITA expression. Wild-type (WT) or CIITA-knockout (CIITA(-)) mouse MSCs were implanted into infarcted mouse myocardia, and recipient allo-antibody formation, cell survival, and cardiac function were measured. WT mouse and human MSCs that were myogenically differentiated showed increased MHC II and CIITA expression. Differentiated CIITA(-) MSCs lacked MHC II induction and showed reduced cytotoxicity in allogeneic leukocyte coculture. Differentiation of human MSCs increased MHC II expression, which resulted in cytotoxicity in allogeneic leukocyte coculture and was prevented by CIITA small interfering RNA. In contrast to WT MSCs, CIITA(-) MSCs did not initiate recipient allo-antibody formation and instead survived in the injured myocardium and significantly improved ventricular function. Decreasing CIITA expression in allogeneic MSCs abolished MHC II induction during myogenic differentiation and prevented immunorejection of these cells from the infarcted myocardium, which enhanced beneficial functional effects of MSC implantation on myocardial repair.-Huang, X.-P., Ludke, A., Dhingra, S., Guo, J., Sun, Z., Zhang, L., Weisel, R. D., Li, R.-K. Class II transactivator knockdown limits major histocompatibility complex II expression, diminishes immune rejection, and improves survival of allogeneic bone marrow stem cells in the infarcted heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ping Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Ludke
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Jian Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, and
| | - Richard D Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Turner EC, Huang CL, Sawhney N, Govindarajan K, Clover AJP, Martin K, Browne TC, Whelan D, Kumar AHS, Mackrill JJ, Wang S, Schmeckpeper J, Stocca A, Pierce WG, Leblond AL, Cai L, O'Sullivan DM, Buneker CK, Choi J, MacSharry J, Ikeda Y, Russell SJ, Caplice NM. A Novel Selectable Islet 1 Positive Progenitor Cell Reprogrammed to Expandable and Functional Smooth Muscle Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1354-68. [PMID: 26840832 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disorders affecting smooth muscle structure/function may require technologies that can generate large scale, differentiated and contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC) suitable for cell therapy. To date no clonal precursor population that provides large numbers of differentiated SMC in culture has been identified in a rodent. Identification of such cells may also enhance insight into progenitor cell fate decisions and the relationship between smooth muscle precursors and disease states that implicate differentiated SMC. In this study, we used classic clonal expansion techniques to identify novel self-renewing Islet 1 (Isl-1) positive primitive progenitor cells (PPC) within rat bone marrow that exhibited canonical stem cell markers and preferential differentiation towards a smooth muscle-like fate. We subsequently used molecular tagging to select Isl-1 positive clonal populations from expanded and de novo marrow cell populations. We refer to these previously undescribed cells as the PPC given its stem cell marker profile, and robust self-renewal capacity. PPC could be directly converted into induced smooth muscle cells (iSMC) using single transcription factor (Kruppel-like factor 4) knockdown or transactivator (myocardin) overexpression in contrast to three control cells (HEK 293, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells) where such induction was not possible. iSMC exhibited immuno- and cytoskeletal-phenotype, calcium signaling profile and contractile responses similar to bona fide SMC. Passaged iSMC could be expanded to a scale sufficient for large scale tissue replacement. PPC and reprogramed iSMC so derived may offer future opportunities to investigate molecular, structure/function and cell-based replacement therapy approaches to diverse cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary diseases that have as their basis smooth muscle cell functional aberrancy or numerical loss. Stem Cells 2016;34:1354-1368.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Turner
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Neha Sawhney
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kalaimathi Govindarajan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anthony J P Clover
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Martin
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tara C Browne
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Derek Whelan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Arun H S Kumar
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John J Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Biosciences Institute, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First St, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alessia Stocca
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - William G Pierce
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Biosciences Institute, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne-Laure Leblond
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liquan Cai
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Donnchadh M O'Sullivan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chirlei K Buneker
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Janet Choi
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre (APC), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First St, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First St, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology (CRVB), Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Immunotolerant Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Updated Review. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1859567. [PMID: 26839557 PMCID: PMC4709780 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1859567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic option to regenerate damaged myocardium and restore function after infarct. Current research is focused on the use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their unique immunomodulatory characteristics and ability to be harvested from young and healthy donors. Both animal and human studies support the immunoprivileged state of MSCs and even demonstrate improvements in cardiac function after transplantation. This research continues to be a topic of interest, as advances will ultimately enable the clinical use of these universal cells for therapy after a myocardial infarction. Updated in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial studies are discussed in detail in the following review.
Collapse
|
7
|
Comparison of adipose tissue- and bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells for alleviating doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:148. [PMID: 26296856 PMCID: PMC4546321 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known anticancer drug. However its clinical use has been limited due to cardiotoxic effects. One of the major concerns with DOX therapy is its toxicity in patients who are frail, particularly diabetics. Several studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to restore cardiac function after DOX-induced injury. However, limited data are available on the effects of MSC therapy on DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction in diabetics. Our objective was to test the efficacy of bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) from age-matched humans in a non-immune compromised rat model. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin injection (STZ, 65 mg/kg b.w, i.p.). Diabetic rats were treated with DOX (doxorubicin hydrochloride, 2.5 mg/kg b.w, i.p) 3 times/wk for 2 weeks (DOX group); or with DOX+ GFP labelled BM-MSCs (2x106cells, i.v.) or with DOX + GFP labelled AT-MSCs (2x106cells, i.v.). Echocardiography and Langendorff perfusion analyses were carried out to determine the heart function. Immunostaining and western blot analysis of the heart tissue was carried out for CD31 and to assess inflammation and fibrosis. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS and data are expressed as mean ± SD. Results Glucose levels in the STZ treated groups were significantly greater than control group. After 4 weeks of intravenous injection, the presence of injected MSCs in the heart was confirmed through fluorescent microscopy and real time PCR for ALU transcripts. Both BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs injection prevented DOX-induced deterioration of %FS, LVDP, dp/dt max and rate pressure product. Staining for CD31 showed a significant increase in the number of capillaries in BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs treated animals in comparison to DOX treated group. Assessment of the inflammation and fibrosis revealed a marked reduction in the DOX-induced increase in immune cell infiltration, collagen deposition and αSMA in the BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs groups. Conclusions In conclusion BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs were equally effective in mitigating DOX-induced cardiac damage by promoting angiogenesis, decreasing the infiltration of immune cells and collagen deposition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0142-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cutts J, Nikkhah M, Brafman DA. Biomaterial Approaches for Stem Cell-Based Myocardial Tissue Engineering. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:77-90. [PMID: 26052226 PMCID: PMC4451817 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult and pluripotent stem cells represent a ready supply of cellular raw materials that can be used to generate the functionally mature cells needed to replace damaged or diseased heart tissue. However, the use of stem cells for cardiac regenerative therapies is limited by the low efficiency by which stem cells are differentiated in vitro to cardiac lineages as well as the inability to effectively deliver stem cells and their derivatives to regions of damaged myocardium. In this review, we discuss the various biomaterial-based approaches that are being implemented to direct stem cell fate both in vitro and in vivo. First, we discuss the stem cell types available for cardiac repair and the engineering of naturally and synthetically derived biomaterials to direct their in vitro differentiation to the cell types that comprise heart tissue. Next, we describe biomaterial-based approaches that are being implemented to enhance the in vivo integration and differentiation of stem cells delivered to areas of cardiac damage. Finally, we present emerging trends of using stem cell-based biomaterial approaches to deliver pro-survival factors and fully vascularized tissue to the damaged and diseased cardiac tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Cutts
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ludke A, Wu J, Nazari M, Hatta K, Shao Z, Li SH, Song H, Ni NC, Weisel RD, Li RK. Uterine-derived progenitor cells are immunoprivileged and effectively improve cardiac regeneration when used for cell therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:116-28. [PMID: 25939780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy to prevent cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) is less effective in aged patients because aged cells have decreased regenerative capacity. Allogeneic transplanted stem cells (SCs) from young donors are usually rejected. Maintaining transplanted SC immunoprivilege may dramatically improve regenerative outcomes. The uterus has distinct immune characteristics, and we showed that reparative uterine SCs home to the myocardium post-MI. Here, we identify immunoprivileged uterine SCs and assess their effects on cardiac regeneration after allogeneic transplantation. We found more than 20% of cells in the mouse uterus have undetectable MHC I expression by flow cytometry. Uterine MHC I((neg)) and MHC I((pos)) cells were separated by magnetic cell sorting. The MHC I((neg)) population expressed the SC markers CD34, Sca-1 and CD90, but did not express MHC II or c-kit. In vitro, MHC I((neg)) and ((pos)) SCs show colony formation and endothelial differentiation capacity. In mixed leukocyte co-culture, MHC I((neg)) cells showed reduced cell death and leukocyte proliferation compared to MHC I((pos)) cells. MHC I((neg)) and ((pos)) cells had significantly greater angiogenic capacity than mesenchymal stem cells. The benefits of intramyocardial injection of allogeneic MHC I((neg)) cells after MI were comparable to syngeneic bone marrow cell transplantation, with engraftment in cardiac tissue and limited recruitment of CD4 and CD8 cells up to 21 days post-MI. MHC I((neg)) cells preserved cardiac function, decreased infarct size and improved regeneration post-MI. This new source of immunoprivileged cells can induce neovascularization and could be used as allogeneic cell therapy for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ludke
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mansoreh Nazari
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kota Hatta
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhengbo Shao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Huifang Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nathan C Ni
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard D Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwon HM, Hur SM, Park KY, Kim CK, Kim YM, Kim HS, Shin HC, Won MH, Ha KS, Kwon YG, Lee DH, Kim YM. Multiple paracrine factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells contribute to angiogenesis. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
11
|
Lohan P, Coleman CM, Murphy JM, Griffin MD, Ritter T, Ryan AE. Changes in immunological profile of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells after differentiation: should we be concerned? Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:99. [PMID: 25158057 PMCID: PMC4282147 DOI: 10.1186/scrt488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an adult stromal cell population possessing potent differentiation capacity and a potential for use across major histocompatibility complex barriers. Although allogeneic MSCs have potent immunosuppressive properties, evidence also suggests that they elicit a weak allogeneic immune response. However, the effect of induced differentiation on the immunosuppressive ability and immunogenicity of allogeneic MSCs is a potential obstacle when applying MSCs in tissue replacement therapies. These concerns will be explored in this review, with particular emphasis on changes in the cell surface expression of immunogenic markers, changes in the secretion of immunosuppressive molecules and in vivo functional benefits of the cell therapy. We review the literature from a translational point of view, focusing on pre-clinical studies that have utilised and analysed the effects of allogeneic immune responses on the ability of allogeneic MSCs to regenerate damaged tissue in models of bone, heart and cartilage defects.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu X, Chen H, Zhu W, Chen H, Hu X, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Wang K, Wang L, Chen P, Hu H, Wang C, Zhang N, Ma Q, Huang M, Hu D, Zhang L, Wu R, Wang Y, Xu Q, Yu H, Wang J. Transplantation of SIRT1-engineered aged mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in a rat myocardial infarction model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 33:1083-92. [PMID: 25034794 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that biological aging has a negative influence on the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy. Using a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model, we tested the hypothesis that silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) may ameliorate the phenotype and improve the function of aged MSCs and thus enhance the efficacy of aged MSCs-based therapy. METHODS Sixty female rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and were randomly assigned to receiving: intramyocardial injection of cell culture medium (DMEM group); SIRT1 overexpression vector-treated aged MSCs (SIRT1-aged MSCs group) obtained from aged male SD rats or empty vector-treated aged MSCs (vector-aged MSCs group). Another 20 sham-operated rats that underwent open-chest surgery without coronary ligation or any other intervention served as controls. RESULTS SIRT1-aged MSC group exhibited enhanced blood vessel density in the border zone of MI hearts, which was associated with reduced cardiac remodeling, leading to improved cardiac performance. Consistent with the in vivo data, our in vitro experiments also demonstrated that SIRT1 overexpression ameliorated aged MSCs senescent phenotype and recapitulated the pro-angiogenesis property of MSCs and conferred the anti-stress response capabilities, as indicated by increases in pro-angiogenic factors, angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), expressions and a decrease in anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin-1 (TBS1) at mRNA levels, and increases in Bcl-2/Bax ratio at protein level. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulating SIRT1 expression could enhance the efficacy of aged MSCs-based therapy for MI as it relates to the amelioration of senescent phenotype and hence improved biological function of aged MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengxun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunchao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dexing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Division of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dhingra S, Li P, Huang XP, Guo J, Wu J, Mihic A, Li SH, Zang WF, Shen D, Weisel RD, Singal PK, Li RK. Preserving prostaglandin E2 level prevents rejection of implanted allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and restores postinfarction ventricular function. Circulation 2013; 128:S69-78. [PMID: 24030423 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were immunoprivileged early after cardiac implantation and improved heart function in preclinical and clinical studies. However, long-term preclinical studies demonstrated that allogeneic MSCs lost their immunoprivilege and were rejected in the injured myocardium, resulting in recurrent ventricular dysfunction. This study identifies some of the mechanisms responsible for the immune switch in MSCs and suggests a new treatment to maintain immunoprivilege and preserve heart function. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat MSC immunoprivilege was mediated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced secretion of 2 critical chemokines, CCL12 and CCL5. These chemokines stimulated the chemoattraction of T cells toward MSCs, suppressed cytotoxic T-cell proliferation, and induced the production of T regulatory cells. MSCs treated with 5-azacytidine for 24 hours differentiated into myogenic cells after 2 weeks, which was associated with decreased PGE2 and chemokine production and the loss of immunoprivilege. Treatment of differentiated MSCs with PGE2 restored chemokine levels and preserved MSC immunoprivilege. In a rat myocardial infarction model, allogeneic MSCs (3 × 10(6) cells/rat) were injected into the infarct region with or without a biodegradable hydrogel that slowly released PGE2. Five weeks later, the transplanted MSCs expressed myogenic lineage markers and were rejected in the control group, but in the PGE2-treated group, the transplanted cells survived and heart function improved. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic MSCs maintained immunoprivilege by PGE2-induced secretion of chemokines CCL12 and CCL5. Differentiation of MSCs decreased PGE2 levels, and immunoprivilege was lost. Maintaining PGE2 levels preserved immunoprivilege after differentiation, prevented rejection of implanted MSCs, and restored cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Dhingra
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.D., X.-P.H., J.G., J.W., A.M., S.-H.L., W.-F.Z., D.S., R.D.W., R.-K.L.); Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.D., X.-P.H., J.G., J.W., A.M., S.-H.L., W.-F.Z., D.S., R.D.W., R.-K.L.); Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D., P.K.S.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (P.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Asumda FZ. Age-associated changes in the ecological niche: implications for mesenchymal stem cell aging. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:47. [PMID: 23673056 PMCID: PMC3706986 DOI: 10.1186/scrt197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are critical for organ-specific regeneration and self-renewal with advancing age. The prospect of being able to reverse tissue-specific post-injury sequelae by harvesting, culturing and transplanting a patient's own stem and progenitor cells is exciting. Mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as a reliable stem cell source for this treatment modality and are currently being tested in numerous ongoing clinical trials. Unfortunately, the fervor over mesenchymal stem cells is mitigated by several lines of evidence suggesting that their efficacy is limited by natural aging. This article discusses the mechanisms and manifestations of age-associated deficiencies in mesenchymal stem cell efficacy. A consideration of recent experimental findings suggests that the ecological niche might be responsible for mesenchymal stem cell aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Z Asumda
- Saint James School of Medicine, 1480 Renaissance Drive, Park Ridge, Chicago, IL, 60068, USA
| |
Collapse
|