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Tsai CC, Tey SL, Chang LC, Su YT, Lin KJ, Huang SC. Estradiol mediates relaxation of porcine lower esophageal sphincter. Steroids 2018; 136:56-62. [PMID: 29733860 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most pregnant women have symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) during pregnancy. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy is associated with GERD. The effects of estradiol on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) motility and GERD are not clearly known. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of estradiol on the motility of the porcine LES. Relaxations of clasp and sling strips of porcine LES caused by estradiol were measured using isometric transducers. We investigated the mechanism of estradiol-induced relaxation of the porcine LES using tetraethylammonium, apamine, iberiotoxin, glibenclamide, KT5720, KT5823, NG-nitro-l-arginine, tetrodotoxin, and ω-conotoxin GVIA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to determine the existence of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the porcine LES. In endothelin-1-precontracted porcine LES strips, estradiol caused marked relaxations in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism of estradiol-induced relaxation on the porcine LES was associated with the potassium channel. Reverse transcription PCR analysis and IHC revealed that GPER was expressed in the sling and clasp fibers of the porcine LES. This finding suggests that GPER mediates the relaxation of the porcine LES. Estradiol may play a role in LES motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No.8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shu-Leei Tey
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, No.8 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, No.8 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kai-Jen Lin
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shih-Che Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shosanbetsu Village Clinic, No.122-8, Shosanbetsu, Shosanbetsu Village, Tomamae District, Hokkaido 078-4421, Japan.
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