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Mei XL, Wu SY, Wu SL, Luo XL, Huang SX, Liu R, Qiang Z. Hepatoprotective effects of Xiaoyao San formula on hepatic steatosis and inflammation via regulating the sex hormones metabolism. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:1051-1066. [PMID: 39086531 PMCID: PMC11287615 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i7.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modified Xiaoyao San (MXS) formula is an adjuvant drug recommended by the National Health Commission of China for the treatment of liver cancer, which has the effect of preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and prolonging patient survival. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying that remain unclear. AIM To investigate the role and mechanisms of MXS in ameliorating hepatic injury, steatosis and inflammation. METHODS A choline-deficient/high-fat diet-induced rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model was used to examine the effects of MXS on lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Liver tissues were collected for western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis were detected using oil red staining and Sirius red staining. The serum samples were collected for biochemical assays and NMR-based metabonomics analysis. The inflammation/lipid metabolism-related signaling and regulators in liver tissues were also detected to reveal the molecular mechanisms of MXS against NASH. RESULTS MXS showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in hepatocytes under metabolic stress. The western blotting and IHC results indicated that MXS activated AMPK pathway but inhibited the expression of key regulators related to lipid accumulation, inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in the pathogenesis of NASH. The metabonomics analysis systemically indicated that the arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis are the two main target metabolic pathways for MXS to ameliorate liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, we found that MXS protected against NASH by attenuating the sex hormone-related metabolism, especially the metabolism of male hormones. CONCLUSION MXS ameliorates inflammation and hepatic steatosis of NASH by inhibiting the metabolism of male hormones. Targeting male hormone related metabolic pathways may be the potential therapeutic approach for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Mei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Creation Laboratory, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400061, China
| | - Shu-Yi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinses Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Si-Lan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Creation Laboratory, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400061, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Creation Laboratory, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400061, China
| | - Si-Xing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Creation Laboratory, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400061, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Creation Laboratory, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400061, China
- College of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinses Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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2
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Bereketoglu C, Häggblom I, Turanlı B, Pradhan A. Comparative analysis of diisononyl phthalate and di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2 dicarboxylate plasticizers in regulation of lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1245-1257. [PMID: 37927243 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) are plasticizers introduced to replace previously used phthalate plasticizers in polymeric products. Exposure to DINP and DINCH has been shown to impact lipid metabolism. However, there are limited studies that address the mechanisms of toxicity of these two plasticizers. Here, a comparative toxicity analysis has been performed to evaluate the impacts of DINP and DINCH on 3T3-L1 cells. The preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to 1, 10, and 100 μM of DINP or DINCH for 10 days and assessed for lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein analysis. Lipid staining showed that higher concentrations of DINP and DINCH can induce adipogenesis. The gene expression analysis demonstrated that both DINP and DINCH could alter the expression of lipid-related genes involved in adipogenesis. DINP and DINCH upregulated Pparγ, Pparα, C/EBPα Fabp4, and Fabp5, while both compounds significantly downregulated Fasn and Gata2. Protein analysis showed that both DINP and DINCH repressed the expression of FASN. Additionally, we analyzed an independent transcriptome dataset encompassing temporal data on lipid differentiation within 3T3-L1 cells. Subsequently, we derived a gene set that accurately portrays significant pathways involved in lipid differentiation, which we subsequently subjected to experimental validation through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we extended our analysis to encompass a thorough assessment of the expression profiles of this identical gene set across 40 discrete transcriptome datasets that have linked to diverse pathological conditions to foreseen any potential association with DINP and DINCH exposure. Comparative analysis indicated that DINP could be more effective in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Bereketoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isabel Häggblom
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Beste Turanlı
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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3
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Yang C, Wang Z, Song Q, Dong B, Bi Y, Bai H, Jiang Y, Chang G, Chen G. Transcriptome Sequencing to Identify Important Genes and lncRNAs Regulating Abdominal Fat Deposition in Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101256. [PMID: 35625102 PMCID: PMC9138122 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Abdominal fat deposition affects the quality of duck meat and the feed conversion ratio. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the abdominal adipose tissue of ducks with high and low abdominal fat rate by RNA sequencing, exploring the key regulatory genes and lncRNAs related to abdominal fat deposition. As a result, several candidate genes, lncRNAs, and pathways related to abdominal fat deposition in ducks were retrieved. This study lays the foundations for exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of abdominal fat deposition in ducks, providing a theoretical reference for breeding high-quality meat-producing ducks. Abstract Abdominal fat deposition is an important trait in meat-producing ducks. F2 generations of 304 Cherry Valley and Runzhou Crested White ducks were studied to identify genes and lncRNAs affecting abdominal fat deposition. RNA sequencing was used to study abdominal fat tissue of four ducks each with high or low abdominal fat rates. In all, 336 upregulated and 297 downregulated mRNAs, and 95 upregulated and 119 downregulated lncRNAs were identified. Target gene prediction of differentially expressed lncRNAs identified 602 genes that were further subjected to Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis. The target genes were enriched in pathways associated with fat synthesis and metabolism and participated in biological processes, including Linoleic acid metabolism, lipid storage, and fat cell differentiation, indicating that these lncRNAs play an important role in abdominal fat deposition. PPAPA, FOXO3, FASN, PNPLA2, FKBP5, TCF7L2, BMP2, FGF2, LIFR, ZBTB16, SIRT, GYG2, NCOR1, and NR3C1 were involved in the regulation of abdominal fat deposition. PNPLA2, TCF7L2, FGF2, LIFR, BMP2, FKBP5, GYG2, and ZBTB16 were regulated by the lncRNAs TCONS_00038080, TCONS_0033547, TCONS_00066773, XR_001190174.3, XR_003492471.1, XR_003493494.1, XR_001192142.3, XR_002405656.2, XR_002401822.2, XR_003497063.1, and so on. This study lays foundations for exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of abdominal fat deposition in ducks and provides a theoretical basis for breeding high-quality meat-producing ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-514-87997206 (Z.W. & G.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guohong Chen
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-514-87997206 (Z.W. & G.C.)
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Tao M, Luo J, Gu T, Yu X, Song Z, Jun Y, Gu H, Han K, Huang X, Yu W, Sun S, Zhang Z, Liu L, Chen X, Zhang L, Luo C, Wang Q. LPCAT1 reprogramming cholesterol metabolism promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:845. [PMID: 34518524 PMCID: PMC8438019 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells require high levels of cholesterol for membrane biogenesis for rapid proliferation during development. Beyond the acquired cholesterol from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) taken up from circulation, tumor cells can also biosynthesize cholesterol. The molecular mechanism underlying cholesterol anabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its effect on patient prognosis are unclear. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is common in cancer. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) has been implicated in various cancer types; however, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we identified that LPCAT1 is highly expressed in ESCC and that LPCAT1 reprograms cholesterol metabolism in ESCC. LPCAT1 expression was negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Cholesterol synthesis in ESCC cells was significantly inhibited following LPCAT1 knockdown; cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly reduced, along with the growth of xenograft subcutaneous tumors. LPCAT1 could regulate the expression of the cholesterol synthesis enzyme, SQLE, by promoting the activation of PI3K, thereby regulating the entry of SP1/SREBPF2 into the nucleus. LPCAT1 also activates EGFR leading to the downregulation of INSIG-1 expression, facilitating the entry of SREBP-1 into the nucleus to promote cholesterol synthesis. Taken together, LPCAT1 reprograms tumor cell cholesterol metabolism in ESCC and can be used as a potential treatment target against ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Tao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huaian, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Gu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huaian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huaian, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Song
- Molecular Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yali Jun
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
| | - Kairong Han
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiujuan Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
| | - Weiyong Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huaian, P.R. China
| | - Su'an Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huaian, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China.
- Biological Sample Bank of Esophageal Cancer, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China.
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China.
- Biological Sample Bank of Esophageal Cancer, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China.
- Biological Sample Bank of Esophageal Cancer, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, China.
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Hammerquist AM, Escorcia W, Curran SP. Maf1 regulates intracellular lipid homeostasis in response to DNA damage response activation. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1086-1093. [PMID: 33788576 PMCID: PMC8351542 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of DNA damage and maintenance of lipid metabolism are critical factors for general cellular homeostasis. We discovered that in response to DNA damage–inducing UV light exposure, intact Caenorhabditis elegans accumulate intracellular lipids in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in intracellular lipids in response to exposure to UV light utilizes mafr-1, a negative regulator of RNA polymerase III and the apical kinases atm-1 and atl-1 of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In the absence of exposure to UV light, the genetic ablation of mafr-1 results in the activation of the DDR, including increased intracellular lipid accumulation, phosphorylation of ATM/ATR target proteins, and expression of the Bcl-2 homology region genes, egl-1 and ced-13. Taken together, our results reveal mafr-1 as a component the DDR pathway response to regulating lipid homeostasis following exposure to UV genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Hammerquist
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Wilber Escorcia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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6
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Liu B, Gao TT, Fu XY, Xu ZH, Ren H, Zhao P, Qi ZT, Qin ZL. PTEN Lipid Phosphatase Activity Enhances Dengue Virus Production through Akt/FoxO1/Maf1 Signaling. Virol Sin 2020; 36:412-423. [PMID: 33044659 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne viral pathogen and a global health burden. Knowledge of the DENV-host interactions that mediate virus pathogenicity remains limited. Host lipid metabolism is hijacked by DENV for virus replication in which lipid droplets (LDs) play a key role during the virus lifecycle. In this study, we reveal a novel role for phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in LDs-mediated DENV infection. We demonstrate that PTEN expression is downregulated upon DENV infection through post-transcriptional regulation and, in turn, PTEN overexpression enhances DENV replication. PTEN lipid phosphatase activity was found to decrease cellular LDs area and number through Akt/FoxO1/Maf1 signaling, which, together with autophagy, enhanced DENV replication and virus production. We therefore provide mechanistic insight into the interaction between lipid metabolism and the DENV replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Air Force Hospital from Northern Theater of PLA, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhen-Hao Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhao-Ling Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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7
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Frazier TW. Autism Spectrum Disorder Associated with Germline Heterozygous PTEN Mutations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:a037002. [PMID: 31307976 PMCID: PMC6771360 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review examines our current understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), its prevalence, impact, behavioral treatment, and outcomes. Building on this knowledge, ASD associated with PTEN mutations is introduced and recent human studies of neurobehavioral and neuroimaging findings in patients with PTEN mutations with and without ASD are reviewed. In doing so, we present evidence supporting a model of PTEN loss leading to neurobehavioral deficits, including ASD and intellectual disability. Next, we describe the neurobehavioral spectrum observed across PTEN mutation cases, adding specificity where possible, based on data from recent studies of child and adult PTEN patients. Finally, we end with a discussion of potential clinical recommendations for improving interventions and supports for people with PTEN-ASD and future research avenues for understanding and treating the functional and cognitive deficits in PTEN-ASD.
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8
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Lebok P, von Hassel A, Meiners J, Hube-Magg C, Simon R, Höflmayer D, Hinsch A, Dum D, Fraune C, Göbel C, Möller K, Sauter G, Jacobsen F, Büscheck F, Prien K, Krech T, Krech RH, von der Assen A, Wölber L, Witzel I, Schmalfeldt B, Geist S, Paluchoswski P, Wilke C, Heilenkötter U, Terracciano L, Müller V, Wilczak W, Burandt EC. Up-regulation of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7796-7804. [PMID: 31533087 PMCID: PMC6781992 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is common in cancer. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) has been implicated with various cancer types. Here we analyzed by immunohistochemistry its expression in 2,197 breast cancers. LPCAT1 staining was found in 97.8% of 1,774 interpretable tumors, including 48.1% with weak, 28.7% with moderate, and 14.4% with strong expression. The frequency of LPCAT1 positivity depended on the histological tumor type. Moderate or strong LPCAT1 positivity was more common in cancers of no special type (NST) (46.2%) than in lobular carcinomas (25.9%; p<0.0001). Strong LPCAT1 was associated with BRE grade, tumor cell proliferation and overall survival in all cancers and in the subgroup of NST cancers (p<0.0001, each). In the subset of NST cancers the prognostic effect of LPCAT1 expression was independent of pT, and BRE grade (p<0.0001 each). A comparison with molecular features showed that LPCAT1 was strongly associated with estrogen receptor negativity (p<0.0001), progesterone receptor negativity (p<0,0001), amplification of HER2 (p<0.0001) and MYC (p=0.0066), as well as deletions of PTEN (p<0.0001) and CDKNA2 (p=0.0151). It is concluded that LPCAT1 overexpression is linked to adverse tumor features and poor prognosis in breast cancer. These data also highlight the important role of lipid metabolism in breast cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lebok
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Aurelia von Hassel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Jan Meiners
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Kristina Prien
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Rainer Horst Krech
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49076, Germany
| | - Albert von der Assen
- Breast cancer center, Niels-Stensen Clinic, Franziskus-Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte D-49124, Germany
| | - Linn Wölber
- Department of Gynecology and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynecology and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynecology and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Geist
- Department of Gynecology, Regio Clinic Pinneberg, Pinneberg D-25421, Germany
| | - Peter Paluchoswski
- Department of Gynecology, Regio Clinic Pinneberg, Pinneberg D-25421, Germany
| | - Christian Wilke
- Department of Gynecology, Regio Clinic Elmshorn, Elmshorn D-25337, Germany
| | - Uwe Heilenkötter
- Department of Gynecology, Regio Clinic and Senior Citizen Center Itzehoe, Itzehoe D-25524, Germany
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Cantonal Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Eike Christian Burandt
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
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9
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Grafanaki K, Anastasakis D, Kyriakopoulos G, Skeparnias I, Georgiou S, Stathopoulos C. Translation regulation in skin cancer from a tRNA point of view. Epigenomics 2018; 11:215-245. [PMID: 30565492 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is a central and dynamic process, frequently deregulated in cancer through aberrant activation or expression of translation initiation factors and tRNAs. The discovery of tRNA-derived fragments, a new class of abundant and, in some cases stress-induced, small Noncoding RNAs has perplexed the epigenomics landscape and highlights the emerging regulatory role of tRNAs in translation and beyond. Skin is the biggest organ in human body, which maintains homeostasis of its multilayers through regulatory networks that induce translational reprogramming, and modulate tRNA transcription, modification and fragmentation, in response to various stress signals, like UV irradiation. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of translation regulation and tRNA biology in the alarming prevalence of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Grafanaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Anastasakis
- National Institute of Musculoskeletal & Arthritis & Skin, NIH, 50 South Drive, Room 1152, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Skeparnias
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Wang H, Feng Z, Xie J, Wen F, Jv M, Liang T, Li J, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Li S, Li R, Li Z, Zhang B, Liang X, Liu S, Shi W, Wang W. Podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects kidney from hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1096-F1107. [PMID: 29361670 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00575.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) has proven to be downregulated in podocytes challenged with high glucose (HG), and knockout of PTEN in podocytes aggravated the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, whether podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo remains unknown. The inducible podocyte-specific PTEN knockin (PPKI) mice were generated by crossing newly created transgenic loxP-stop- loxP-PTEN mice with podocin-iCreERT2 mice. Diabetes mellitus was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg/kg. In vitro, small interfering RNA and adenovirus interference were used to observe the role of PTEN in HG-treated podocytes. Our data demonstrated that PTEN was markedly reduced in the podocytes of patients with DKD and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as in those of db/db mice. Interestingly, podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN significantly alleviated albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and incrassation of glomerular basement membrane in diabetic PPKI mice compared with wild-type diabetic mice, whereas no alteration was observed in the level of blood glucose. The potential renal protection of overexpressed PTEN in podocytes was partly attributed with an improvement in autophagy and motility and the inhibition of apoptosis. Our results showed that podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protected the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo , suggesting that targeting PTEN might be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ziwei Feng
- Division of Urology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianteng Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Feng Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Menglei Jv
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yangyang Zuo
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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11
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Willis IM, Moir RD. Signaling to and from the RNA Polymerase III Transcription and Processing Machinery. Annu Rev Biochem 2018; 87:75-100. [PMID: 29328783 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase (Pol) III has a specialized role in transcribing the most abundant RNAs in eukaryotic cells, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), along with other ubiquitous small noncoding RNAs, many of which have functions related to the ribosome and protein synthesis. The high energetic cost of producing these RNAs and their central role in protein synthesis underlie the robust regulation of Pol III transcription in response to nutrients and stress by growth regulatory pathways. Downstream of Pol III, signaling impacts posttranscriptional processes affecting tRNA function in translation and tRNA cleavage into smaller fragments that are increasingly attributed with novel cellular activities. In this review, we consider how nutrients and stress control Pol III transcription via its factors and its negative regulator, Maf1. We highlight recent work showing that the composition of the tRNA population and the function of individual tRNAs is dynamically controlled and that unrestrained Pol III transcription can reprogram central metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; , .,Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Robyn D Moir
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA; ,
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12
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Willis IM. Maf1 phenotypes and cell physiology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1861:330-337. [PMID: 29248739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As a master regulator of transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) III, Maf1 represses the synthesis of highly abundant non-coding RNAs as anabolic signals dissipate, as the quality or quantity of nutrients decreases, and under a wide range of cellular and environmental stress conditions. Thus, Maf1 responds to changes in cell physiology to conserve metabolic energy and to help maintain appropriate levels of tRNAs and other essential non-coding RNAs. Studies in different model organisms and cell-based systems show that perturbations of Maf1 can also impact cell physiology and metabolism. These effects are mediated by changes in Pol III transcription and/or by effects of Maf1 on the expression of select Pol II-transcribed genes. Maf1 phenotypes can vary between different systems and are sometimes conflicting as in comparisons between Maf1 KO mice and cultured mammalian cells. These studies are reviewed in an effort to better appreciate the relationship between Maf1 function and cell physiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: SI: Regulation of tRNA synthesis and modification in physiological conditions and disease edited by Dr. Boguta Magdalena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Willis
- Departments of Biochemistry and Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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13
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Wnt/β-catenin activation and macrophage induction during liver cancer development following steatosis. Oncogene 2017; 36:6020-6029. [PMID: 28671671 PMCID: PMC5666317 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity confers an independent risk for carcinogenesis. In the liver, steatosis often proceeds cancer formation; however, the mechanisms by which steatosis promotes carcinogenesis is unknown. We hypothesize that steatosis alters the microenvironment to promote proliferation of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and carcinogenesis. We used several liver cancer models to address the mechanisms underlying the role of obesity in cancer and verified these findings in patient populations. Using bioinformatics analysis and verified by biochemical assays, we identified that hepatosteatosis resulting from either Pten deletion or transgenic expression of HCV core/NS5A proteins, promotes the activation of Wnt/β-catenin. We verified that high fat diet lipid accumulation is also capable of inducing Wnt/β-catenin. Caloric restriction inhibits hepatosteatosis, reduces Wnt/β-catenin activation and blocks the expansion of TICs leading to complete inhibition of tumorigenesis without affecting the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss regulated protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Pharmacological inhibition or loss of the Wnt/β-catenin signal represses TIC growth in vitro, and decreases the accumulation of TICs in vivo. In human liver cancers, ontology analysis of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)-defined Wnt signature genes indicates that Wnt signaling is significantly induced in tumor samples compared with healthy livers. Indeed, Wnt signature genes predict 90% of tumors in a cohort of 558 patient samples. Selective depletion of macrophages leads to reduction of Wnt and suppresses tumor development, suggesting infiltrating macrophages as a key source for steatosis-induced Wnt expression. These data established Wnt/β-catenin as a novel signal produced by infiltrating macrophages induced by steatosis that promotes growth of tumor progenitor cells, underlying the increased risk of liver tumor development in obese individuals.
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14
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Lipid Storage and Autophagy in Melanoma Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061271. [PMID: 28617309 PMCID: PMC5486093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) represent a key cellular subpopulation controlling biological features such as cancer progression in all cancer types. By using melanospheres established from human melanoma patients, we compared less differentiated melanosphere-derived CSC to differentiating melanosphere-derived cells. Increased lipid uptake was found in melanosphere-derived CSC vs. differentiating melanosphere-derived cells, paralleled by strong expression of lipogenic factors Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1 (SREBP-1) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). An inverse relation between lipid-storing phenotype and autophagy was also found, since microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-Light Chain 3 (LC3) lipidation is reduced in melanosphere-derived CSC. To investigate upstream autophagy regulators, Phospho-AMP activated Protein Kinase (P-AMPK) and Phospho-mammalian Target of Rapamycin (P-mTOR) were analyzed; lower P-AMPK and higher P-mTOR expression in melanosphere-derived CSC were found, thus explaining, at least in part, their lower autophagic activity. In addition, co-localization of LC3-stained autophagosome spots and perilipin-stained lipid droplets was demonstrated mainly in differentiating melanosphere-derived cells, further supporting the role of autophagy in lipid droplets clearance. The present manuscript demonstrates an inverse relationship between lipid-storing phenotype and melanoma stem cells differentiation, providing novel indications involving autophagy in melanoma stem cells biology.
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Dashtiyan AA, Sepehrimanesh M, Tanideh N, Afzalpour ME. The effect of endurance training with and without vitamin E on expression of p53 and PTEN tumor suppressing genes in prostate glands of male rats. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2017; 4:112-118. [PMID: 29450148 PMCID: PMC5801830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training with and without vitamin E on the expression of p53 and Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor genes of prostate glands in male rats. For this purpose, 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: (1) control group (CON, n = 10), (2) sham (S, n = 10), (3) endurance training (ET, n = 10), (4) endurance training + vitamin E (ET + VE, n = 10), (5) vitamin E (VE, n = 10). Endurance training protocol was implemented for 6 weeks, 6 days per week, in accordance with the overload principle. To measure expression changes of p53 and PTEN genes in rats' prostate, real-time PCR method was used and HPLC method was used to measure vitamin E in this tissue. After 6 weeks of taking vitamin E, its level in all groups, except for group VE (p < 0.000) did not significantly increase. After implementing training protocol, p53 expression reduced significantly in ET group (p < 0.026). Vitamin E supplementation along with endurance training did not cause any significant change either p53 or PTEN (respectively; p < 0.2, p < 0.11). Instead, vitamin E supplementation without endurance training caused significant increase in PTEN, but did not cause any significant changes in p53 (respectively; p < 0.016, p < 0.15). These results indicate that endurance training reduces p53 and PTEN tumor suppressing genes expression, and taking vitamin E supplement could increase expression of these genes in some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Allah Dashtiyan
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Avini Blvd, Birjand, South Khorasan Province, Iran
| | - Masood Sepehrimanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili St, Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili St, Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Afzalpour
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Avini Blvd, Birjand, South Khorasan Province, Iran
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16
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Pradhan A, Hammerquist AM, Khanna A, Curran SP. The C-Box Region of MAF1 Regulates Transcriptional Activity and Protein Stability. J Mol Biol 2016; 429:192-207. [PMID: 27986570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MAF1 is a conserved negative regulator of RNA polymerase (pol) III and intracellular lipid homeostasis across species. Here, we show that the MAF1 C-box region negatively regulates its activity. Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans mafr-1 that truncate the C-box retain the ability to inhibit the transcription of RNA pol III targets, reduce lipid biogenesis, and lower reproductive output. In human cells, C-box deletion of MAF1 leads to increased MAF1 nuclear localization and enhanced repression of ACC1 and FASN, but with impaired repression of RNA pol III targets. Surprisingly, C-box mutations render MAF1 insensitive to rapamycin, further defining a regulatory role for this region. Two MAF1 species, MAF1L and MAF1S, are regulated by the C-box YSY motif, which, when mutated, alters species stoichiometry and proteasome-dependent turnover of nuclear MAF1. Our results reveal a role for the C-box region as a critical determinant of MAF1 stability, activity, and response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Pradhan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Amy M Hammerquist
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Akshat Khanna
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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