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Peng Z, Ziros PG, Martini T, Liao XH, Stoop R, Refetoff S, Albrecht U, Sykiotis GP, Kellenberger S. ASIC1a affects hypothalamic signaling and regulates the daily rhythm of body temperature in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:857. [PMID: 37591947 PMCID: PMC10435469 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The body temperature of mice is higher at night than during the day. We show here that global deletion of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) results in lower body temperature during a part of the night. ASICs are pH sensors that modulate neuronal activity. The deletion of ASIC1a decreased the voluntary activity at night of mice that had access to a running wheel but did not affect their spontaneous activity. Daily rhythms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the hypothalamus and of thyroid-stimulating hormone β mRNA in the pituitary, and of prolactin mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary were suppressed in ASIC1a-/- mice. The serum thyroid hormone levels were however not significantly changed by ASIC1a deletion. Our findings indicate that ASIC1a regulates activity and signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary. This likely leads to the observed changes in body temperature by affecting the metabolism or energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panos G Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomaz Martini
- Department of Biology/Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ron Stoop
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Hôpital de Cery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Urs Albrecht
- Department of Biology/Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Kellenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Hochbaum DR, Dubinsky AC, Farnsworth HC, Hulshof L, Kleinberg G, Urke A, Wang W, Hakim R, Robertson K, Park C, Solberg A, Yang Y, Baynard C, Nadaf NM, Beron CC, Girasole AE, Chantranupong L, Cortopassi M, Prouty S, Geistlinger L, Banks A, Scanlan T, Greenberg ME, Boulting GL, Macosko EZ, Sabatini BL. Thyroid hormone rewires cortical circuits to coordinate body-wide metabolism and exploratory drive. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552874. [PMID: 37609206 PMCID: PMC10441422 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Animals adapt to varying environmental conditions by modifying the function of their internal organs, including the brain. To be adaptive, alterations in behavior must be coordinated with the functional state of organs throughout the body. Here we find that thyroid hormone- a prominent regulator of metabolism in many peripheral organs- activates cell-type specific transcriptional programs in anterior regions of cortex of adult mice via direct activation of thyroid hormone receptors. These programs are enriched for axon-guidance genes in glutamatergic projection neurons, synaptic regulators across both astrocytes and neurons, and pro-myelination factors in oligodendrocytes, suggesting widespread remodeling of cortical circuits. Indeed, whole-cell electrophysiology recordings revealed that thyroid hormone induces local transcriptional programs that rewire cortical neural circuits via pre-synaptic mechanisms, resulting in increased excitatory drive with a concomitant sensitization of recruited inhibition. We find that thyroid hormone bidirectionally regulates innate exploratory behaviors and that the transcriptionally mediated circuit changes in anterior cortex causally promote exploratory decision-making. Thus, thyroid hormone acts directly on adult cerebral cortex to coordinate exploratory behaviors with whole-body metabolic state.
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3
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Filfilan WM. Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Thermoregulatory Mechanisms of the Body: Review. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:453-457. [PMID: 38044694 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.453.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a critical role in metabolism, energy balance and thermogenesis. The mechanisms whereby thyroid hormone increases heat production have been analyzed with emphasis in more recent developments. Thyroid hormone increases obligatory thermogenesis as a result of the stimulation of numerous metabolic pathways involved in the development, remodeling and delivery of energy to the tissues. In this section, alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism will be contrasted with the physiological characteristics of TH-dependent regulation in response to fasting and exposure to cold. The current review will discuss the situation with regard to regional thyroid hormones in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and more specifically, in peripheral cells. When caused by exposure to cold or fasting, local anomalies in the CNS are distinct from peripheral compartments, in contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which differ when similar changes are observed. Lower hypothalamic TH concentrations are associated with cold exposure, although higher peripheral TH levels. The TH tendency is reversed by fasting. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism impair them. The current study aims to trace the various mechanisms used by the thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy production process.
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4
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Dore R, Watson L, Hollidge S, Krause C, Sentis SC, Oelkrug R, Geißler C, Johann K, Pedaran M, Lyons G, Lopez-Alcantara N, Resch J, Sayk F, Iwen KA, Franke A, Boysen TJ, Dalley JW, Lorenz K, Moran C, Rennie KL, Arner A, Kirchner H, Chatterjee K, Mittag J. Resistance to thyroid hormone induced tachycardia in RTHα syndrome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3312. [PMID: 37286550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) cause Resistance to Thyroid Hormone α (RTHα), a disorder characterized by hypothyroidism in TRα1-expressing tissues including the heart. Surprisingly, we report that treatment of RTHα patients with thyroxine to overcome tissue hormone resistance does not elevate their heart rate. Cardiac telemetry in male, TRα1 mutant, mice indicates that such persistent bradycardia is caused by an intrinsic cardiac defect and not due to altered autonomic control. Transcriptomic analyses show preserved, thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent upregulation of pacemaker channels (Hcn2, Hcn4), but irreversibly reduced expression of several ion channel genes controlling heart rate. Exposure of TRα1 mutant male mice to higher maternal T3 concentrations in utero, restores altered expression and DNA methylation of ion channels, including Ryr2. Our findings indicate that target genes other than Hcn2 and Hcn4 mediate T3-induced tachycardia and suggest that treatment of RTHα patients with thyroxine in high dosage without concomitant tachycardia, is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laura Watson
- National Institute Health and Care Research Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Hollidge
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christin Krause
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Epigenetics & Metabolism, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Christine Sentis
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cathleen Geißler
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mehdi Pedaran
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Greta Lyons
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuria Lopez-Alcantara
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Sayk
- Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karl Alexander Iwen
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Teide Jens Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carla Moran
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Beacon Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirsten L Rennie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, c/o Igelösa Life Science AB, Igelösa 373, 225 94, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Epigenetics & Metabolism, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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5
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Adebayo OG, Aduema W, Iwueke AV, Asiwe JN, Onyeleonu I, Akpotu AE, Wopara I, Adebayo OR, Onuoha OG, Eleazar ES, Onwuka FC. Treatment with Ginkgo biloba supplement modulates oxidative disturbances, inflammation and vascular functions in oxygen deprived hypothyroid mice: Involvement of endothelin-1/NO signaling pathways. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14477. [PMID: 36226765 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A double-hit biological alteration involving exposure to oxygen deprivation in hypothyroid condition may exacerbate cellular oxidative and inflammatory disturbances comparative to a one-hit biological exposure. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba as cardioprotective against aortic oxido-inflammatory disturbances following oxygen deprivation in hypothyroid mice. Male Swiss mice were partitioned into 5 groups (n = 6) for hypothyroidism (Carbimazole 1.2 mg/kg) and hypoxia induction. Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (hypoxic stress control), group 3 (hypoxic and hypothyroid stress), group 4 (hypoxic and hypothyroid stress and Ginkgo biloba 20 mg/kg; p.o) and group 5 (hypoxic and hypothyroid stress and Levothyroxine 10 μg/kg; p.o) for 14 days. Thereafter, serum and aorta was collected for biochemical evaluation. GBS did not up-regulate the serum thyroid hormone imbalances (tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4)) but maintains the TSH levels. The blood glucose level was reduced with decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the serum/aorta indicated by inhibited redox status following treatment with GBS. Moreover, endothelin-1/nitric oxide signaling pathways were markedly regulated in the aorta. Conclusively, GBS acts as a therapeutic agent and may be consider as a potential vasodilator candidate in the management and control of hypoxic stress in hypothyroid condition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Treatment with Gingko biloba supplement abated endothelial abnormalities via elevation of nitric oxide release and suppression of endothelin activity in hypothyroid mice exposed to hypoxic hypoxia. The activity of myeloperoxidase enzyme and redo-inflammatory status was downregulated following treatment with Gingko biloba supplement in hypothyroid mice exposed to hypoxic hypoxia. Treatment with Gingko biloba supplement modulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by inhibiting corticosterone release in hypothyroid mice exposed to hypoxic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun G Adebayo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Wadioni Aduema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Nigeria
| | - Adaku V Iwueke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Computing, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Nigeria
| | - Jerome N Asiwe
- Cardiorespiratory Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Onyeleonu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ajirioghene E Akpotu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Iheanyichukwu Wopara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Rachael Adebayo
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ogechukwu G Onuoha
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Spiff Eleazar
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Favour C Onwuka
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
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6
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Rial-Pensado E, Rivas-Limeres V, Grijota-Martínez C, Rodríguez-Díaz A, Capelli V, Barca-Mayo O, Nogueiras R, Mittag J, Diéguez C, López M. Temperature modulates systemic and central actions of thyroid hormones on BAT thermogenesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1017381. [PMID: 36467699 PMCID: PMC9716276 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1017381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a major role regulating energy balance and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, as well as body temperature, as shown in hyperthyroid patients. However, the current landscape of preclinical thyroid hormone models is complex. For example, while rats become catabolic after TH administration, mice gain weight; so, these differences in species need to be analyzed in detail and specially whether temperature could be a factor. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on those actions. Rats were subcutaneously treated with L-thyroxine (T4) or stereotaxically within the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) with triiodothyronine (T3) and housed at 23°C, 4°C or 30°C; energy balance, BAT thermogenesis and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the VMH were analyzed. Our data showed that the effect of both systemic T4 of central T3 on energy balance and BAT thermogenesis was dependent upon environmental temperature. This evidence is of interest in the design of experimental settings highlighting the species-specific metabolic actions of THs, and in understanding its physiological role in the adaptation to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rial-Pensado
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Rivas-Limeres
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Grijota-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Capelli
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Barca-Mayo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes—Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism CBBM, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
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7
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De Vitis C, Capalbo C, Torsello A, Napoli C, Salvati V, Loffredo C, Blandino G, Piaggio G, Auciello FR, Pelliccia F, Salerno G, Simmaco M, Di Magno L, Canettieri G, Coluzzi F, Mancini R, Rocco M, Sciacchitano S. Opposite Effect of Thyroid Hormones on Oxidative Stress and on Mitochondrial Respiration in COVID-19 Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101998. [PMID: 36290721 PMCID: PMC9598114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones (TH)s are master regulators of mitochondrial activity and biogenesis. Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is generally considered an adaptative response to reduced energy that is secondary to critical illness, including COVID-19. COVID-19 has been associated with profound changes in the cell energy metabolism, especially in the cells of the immune system, with a central role played by the mitochondria, considered the power units of every cell. Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects and alters mitochondrial functions, both to influence its intracellular survival and to evade host immunity. Aim of the study: This study was undertaken to analyze the oxidative balance and mitochondrial respiration in COVID-19 patients with and without NTIS to elucidate the role that thyroid hormones (TH)s play in this context. Methods: In our cohort of 54 COVID-19 patients, admitted to our University Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by measuring the serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), and we analyzed the antioxidant capacity by measuring the serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP). We then analyzed the mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)s of 28 of our COVID-19 patients, using the seahorse instrument (Agilent). Results were correlated with the serum levels of THs and, in particular, of FT3. In addition, the role of T3 on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and mitochondrial respiration parameters was directly evaluated in two COVID-19 patients with NTIS, in which treatment with synthetic liothyronine (LT3) was given both in vivo and in vitro. Results: In our COVID-19 patients with NTIS, the dROMs values were significantly lower and the BAP values were significantly higher. Consequently, the oxidative stress index (OSi), measured as BAP/dROMs ratio was reduced compared to that observed in COVID-19 patients without NTIS, indicating a protective role exerted by NTIS on oxidative stress. In our COVID-19 patients, the mitochondrial respiration, measured in PBMCs, was reduced compared to healthy controls. Those with NTIS showed a reduced maximal respiratory capacity and a reduced proton leak, compared to those with normal FT3 serum values. Such lowered mitochondrial respiratory capacity makes the cells more vulnerable to bioenergetic exhaustion. In a pilot study involving two COVID-19 patients with NTIS, we could reinforce our previous observation regarding the role of T3 in the maintenance of adequate peripheral hydroelectrolytic balance. In addition, in these two patients, we demonstrated that by treating their PBMCs with LT3, both in vitro and in vivo, all mitochondrial respiration parameters significantly increased. Conclusions: Our results regarding the reduction in the serum levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) of COVID-19 patients with NTIS support the hypothesis that NTIS could represent an adaptative response to severe COVID-19. However, beside this beneficial effect, we demonstrate that, in the presence of an acute reduction of FT3 serum levels, the mitochondrial respiration is greatly impaired, with a consequent establishment of a hypoenergetic state of the immune cells that may hamper their capacity to react to massive viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Vitis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Torsello
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Surgical and Medical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvati
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Loffredo
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Auciello
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Pelliccia
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Magno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Coluzzi
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rocco
- Department of Surgical and Medical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00181 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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8
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Seebacher F. Interactive effects of anthropogenic environmental drivers on endocrine responses in wildlife. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 556:111737. [PMID: 35931299 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity has created unique environmental drivers, which may interact to produce unexpected effects. My aim was to conduct a systematic review of the interactive effects of anthropogenic drivers on endocrine responses in non-human animals. The interaction between temperature and light can disrupt reproduction and growth by impacting gonadotropins, thyroid hormones, melatonin, and growth hormone. Temperature and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) interact to modify reproduction with differential effects across generations. The combined effects of light and EDCs can be anxiogenic, so that light-at-night could increase anxiety in wildlife. Light and noise increase glucocorticoid release by themselves, and together can modify interactions between individuals and their environment. The literature detailing interactions between drivers is relatively sparse and there is a need to extend research to a broader range of taxa and interactions. I suggest that incorporating endocrine responses into Adverse Outcome Pathways would be beneficial to improve predictions of environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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9
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Oelkrug R, Mittag J. Too Much Too Soon-Tissue-specific Inactivation of Deiodinase Type 3 Prematurely Exposes Brown Fat to Thyroid Hormone. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6549652. [PMID: 35294005 PMCID: PMC8988867 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Oelkrug
- Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Institut für Endokrinologie & Diabetes, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck,Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Institut für Endokrinologie & Diabetes, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck,Germany
- Correspondence: Jens Mittag, PhD, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Institut für Endokrinologie & Diabetes, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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López M. Hypothalamic AMPK as a possible target for energy balance-related diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:546-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Crosstalk between Melanin Concentrating Hormone and Endocrine Factors: Implications for Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052436. [PMID: 35269579 PMCID: PMC8910548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a 19aa cyclic peptide exclusively expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, which is an area of the brain involved in a large number of physiological functions and vital processes such as nutrient sensing, food intake, sleep-wake arousal, memory formation, and reproduction. However, the role of the lateral hypothalamic area in metabolic regulation stands out as the most relevant function. MCH regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis by controlling food intake and peripheral lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, locomotor activity and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. However, the MCH control of energy balance is a complex mechanism that involves the interaction of several neuroendocrine systems. The aim of the present work is to describe the current knowledge of the crosstalk of MCH with different endocrine factors. We also provide our view about the possible use of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonists for the treatment of metabolic complications. In light of the data provided here and based on its actions and function, we believe that the MCH system emerges as an important target for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Capelli V, Grijota-Martínez C, Dragano NRV, Rial-Pensado E, Fernø J, Nogueiras R, Mittag J, Diéguez C, López M. Orally Induced Hyperthyroidism Regulates Hypothalamic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124204. [PMID: 34959756 PMCID: PMC8708331 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their direct effects on peripheral metabolic tissues, thyroid hormones (TH) act on the hypothalamus to modulate energy homeostasis. However, since most of the hypothalamic actions of TH have been addressed in studies with direct central administration, the estimation of the relative contribution of the central vs. peripheral effects in physiologic conditions of peripheral release (or administration) of TH remains unclear. In this study we used two different models of peripherally induced hyperthyroidism (i.e., T4 and T3 oral administration) to assess and compare the serum and hypothalamic TH status and relate them to the metabolic effects of the treatment. Peripheral TH treatment affected feeding behavior, overall growth, core body temperature, body composition, brown adipose tissue (BAT) morphology and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels and metabolic activity, white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and liver metabolism. This resulted in an increased overall uncoupling capacity and a shift of the lipid metabolism from WAT accumulation to BAT fueling. Both peripheral treatment protocols induced significant changes in TH concentrations within the hypothalamus, with T3 eliciting a downregulation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), supporting the existence of a central action of peripheral TH. Altogether, these data suggest that peripherally administered TH modulate energy balance by various mechanisms; they also provide a unifying vision of the centrally mediated and the direct local metabolic effect of TH in the context of hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Capelli
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.); (N.R.V.D.); (E.R.-P.); (R.N.); (C.D.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmen Grijota-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nathalia R. V. Dragano
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.); (N.R.V.D.); (E.R.-P.); (R.N.); (C.D.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eval Rial-Pensado
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.); (N.R.V.D.); (E.R.-P.); (R.N.); (C.D.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.); (N.R.V.D.); (E.R.-P.); (R.N.); (C.D.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes—Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism CBBM, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.); (N.R.V.D.); (E.R.-P.); (R.N.); (C.D.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.C.); (N.R.V.D.); (E.R.-P.); (R.N.); (C.D.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881815420
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Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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