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Matsubara R, Yabuta T, Md Idros U, Hayashi M, Ema F, Kobori Y, Sakata K. UVA- and Visible-Light-Mediated Generation of Carbon Radicals from Organochlorides Using Nonmetal Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9381-9390. [PMID: 30005575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon radicals are reactive species useful in various organic transformations. The C-X bond cleavage of organohalides by photoirradiation is a common method to generate carbon radicals in a controlled fashion. The use of organochloride substrates is still a formidable challenge due to the low reduction potential and the high dissociation energy of the C-Cl bond. In this report, we address these issues by using a nonmetal organic molecule with a relatively simple structure as a photocatalyst. In this catalyst (bis(dimethylamino)carbazole), the amino groups increase both the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, especially in the former. As a result, compared to the parent molecule, the new catalyst shows experimentally red-shifted absorption in the visible region and forms an excited state with better reducing capability. This photocatalyst was used in the reduction of unactivated aryl chlorides and alkyl chlorides in the presence of hydrogen atom donor at room temperature. The catalytic system can also be applied to the coupling of aryl chlorides with electron-rich arene and heteroarenes to affect the C-C bond-forming reactions. Our mechanistic study results support the assumption that carbon radicals are formed from the organochlorides via a single-electron-transfer step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Tatsushi Yabuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Ubaidah Md Idros
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ema
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kobe University , Nada , Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Toho University , Miyama, Funabashi , Chiba 274-8510 , Japan
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Kennedy N, Liu P, Cohen T. Fundamental Difference in Reductive Lithiations with Preformed Radical Anions versus Catalytic Aromatic Electron-Transfer Agents: N, N-Dimethylaniline as an Advantageous Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kennedy N, Liu P, Cohen T. Fundamental Difference in Reductive Lithiations with Preformed Radical Anions versus Catalytic Aromatic Electron-Transfer Agents: N
,N-
Dimethylaniline as an Advantageous Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:383-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kennedy N, Lu G, Liu P, Cohen T. Reductive Lithiation in the Absence of Aromatic Electron Carriers. A Steric Effect Manifested on the Surface of Lithium Metal Leads to a Difference in Relative Reactivity Depending on Whether the Aromatic Electron Carrier Is Present or Absent. J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Theodore Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Perry MA, Rychnovsky SD. Generation, structure and reactivity of tertiary organolithium reagents. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:517-33. [PMID: 25475042 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary organolithium reagents have great potential in natural product synthesis. Recent progress in organolithium generation has made them accessible. Their utility and stereoselectivity in synthesis is discussed.
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Jayaprakash SH, Krishna BS, Prasad SS, Sudha SS, Reddy CS. Sodium Perborate: A Facile Catalyst for Allylation of Active Centers. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.963874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu M, Wang X, Sun X, He W. Highly selective N-allylation of anilines under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oda S, Yamamoto H. Generation of organolithium compounds bearing super silyl ester and their application to Matteson rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8165-8. [PMID: 23794231 PMCID: PMC3827962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Oda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 (USA), Fax: (+1)773-702-0805
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Oda S, Yamamoto H. Generation of Organolithium Compounds bearing Super Silyl Ester and their Application to Matteson Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Peñafiel I, Pastor IM, Yus M. Cyclopropylmethyl- and cyclobutylmethyllithium by an arene-catalyzed lithiation. Stability and reactivity. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chartoire A, Comoy C, Fort Y. Toolbox for Regioselective Lithiations of Furo[2,3-c]pyridine. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2227-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902666w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chartoire
- Groupe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-Université, CNRS, B.P. 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Corinne Comoy
- Groupe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-Université, CNRS, B.P. 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Groupe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-Université, CNRS, B.P. 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Hogan AML, O’Shea DF. Synthetic applications of carbolithiation transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3839-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b805595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang A, Butela H, Deng K, Doubleday MD, Cohen T. Organolithiums by reductive lithiation: the catalytic aromatic method versus the use of preformed aromatic radical-anions. Naphthalene can behave as a catalyst or an inhibitor. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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DTBB-catalysed lithiation of 1,2-bis(phenylsulfanyl)ethene: does 1-lithio-2-phenylsulfanylethene really exist? Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ortiz R, Yus M. Tandem intramolecular carbolithiation–transmetallation: from lithium to copper or boron chemistry. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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