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Kim SY, Kim JH, Lee S, Yun BS, Son HJ, Kang SO. Tuning the Photophysical Properties of Homoleptic Tris-Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes by Facile Modification of the Imidazo-Phenanthridine and Their Application to Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17234-17244. [PMID: 35647420 PMCID: PMC9134233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the excited-state electronic structure of the blue-emitting Ir(dmp)3 dopant material (dmp = 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine), which is notable for durable blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (PhOLED), a series of homoleptic dmp-based Ir(III) complexes (DMP-R, tris[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-R-imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridin-12-yl-κC 12,κN 1]iridium, R = H, CH3, F, and CF3) were prepared by introducing an electron-donating group (EDG; -CH3) or an electron-withdrawing group (EWG; -F and -CF3) at the 7-position of the imidazo-phenanthridine ligand. The photophysical analysis demonstrated that the alteration from EDG to EWGs led to redshifted structureless emission profiles, which were correlated with variations in the 3MLCT/3ILCT ratio in the T1 excited state. From electrochemical studies and density functional theory calculations, it turned out that the excited-state nature of the dmp-based Ir(III) complexes was significantly affected by the inductive effect of the 7-substituent of the cyclometalating dmp ligand. As a result of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy stabilization by the EWGs that suppressed the non-radiative pathway from the emissive triplet excited state to the 3 d-d state, the F- and CF3-modified Ir(dmp)3 complexes (DMP-F and DMP-CF 3 ) showed quantum yields of 27-30% in the solution state, which were at least 4- or 5-fold higher than those shown by DMP-H and DMP-CH 3 . A PhOLED device based on DMP-CF 3 [CIE chromaticity (0.17, 0.39)], which demonstrated a distinct 3MLCT characteristic, exhibited better electroluminescent efficiencies with an external quantum efficiency of 13.5% than that based on DMP-CH 3 .
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2
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Huang W, Chen Z, Li‐Xia L, Zhou Y, Bo W, Jiang G. A Facile Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐
j
]phenanthridines
via
the Cascade Reaction of Indoleanilines and Aldehydes. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jun Huang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Chen
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Liu Li‐Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Yong‐Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Wu Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Guo‐Fang Jiang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
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Jamuna K, Thimmarayaperumal S, Aravind MK, Sivakumar S, Ashokkumar B. Synthesis of indenophenanthridine via a [4+2] annulation strategy: a “turn-off’’ Fe 3+ ion sensor, practical application in live cell imaging and reversible acidochromism studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00579d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a novel fluorescent probe, 1,2-disubstituted-indeno[1,2,3-gh]phenanthridine, derived from a series of α-oxo-ketene dithioacetals (OKDTAs) and indenoquinoline under essential conditions via a [4+2] annulation in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Jamuna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | | | | | - Shanmugam Sivakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
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4
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Zhu WQ, Zhang J, Fan P, Shi LT, Li H, Yang MG, Li Y. Photocyclization synthesis of phenanthridine and its derivatives under direct dehydrogenation conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Banerjee I, Sagar S, Panda TK. Calcium mediated efficient synthesis of N-arylamidines from organic nitriles and amines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4231-4237. [PMID: 32458962 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amidines are a preeminent group of organic compounds having wide applications in various industries. Here, we have developed a simple one-step reaction protocol for the facile synthesis of N-arylamidines catalysed by calcium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) [Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)2]. The amidine synthesis was readily achieved from organic nitriles and amines which provided a broad substrate scope ranging from electron-withdrawing to electron-donating substitutions as well as heterocyclic substitution. The reaction was carried out in a solvent-free medium under ambient conditions. The nucleophilic addition of aromatic amines to aryl nitriles led to good to excellent yields of the corresponding amidines. The reactivity of the amidines was further examined and the respective urea derivatives were achieved in excellent yields. The plausible mechanism involves the generation of an active calcium amido pre-catalyst that helps in the activation of nitriles in the reaction course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Shweta Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
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6
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Rafiee F. Synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridinone derivatives based on Pd-catalyzed C-H activation. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of physic-chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak Tehran Iran
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7
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Veer SD, Katkar KV, Akamanchi KG. Sulfated tungstate catalyzed activation of nitriles: addition of amines to nitriles for synthesis of amidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Tang C, Yuan Y, Jiao N. Metal-Free Nitrogenation of 2-Acetylbiphenyls: Expeditious Synthesis of Phenanthridines. Org Lett 2015; 17:2206-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yizhi Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Chen YF, Hsieh JC. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Phenanthridines via Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed Annulation. Org Lett 2014; 16:4642-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
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Jiang H, Gao H, Liu B, Wu W. Synthesis of 6-aminophenanthridines via palladium-catalyzed insertion of isocyanides into N-sulfonyl-2-aminobiaryls. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust route to a diverse set of 6-aminophenanthridines via palladium-catalyzed C–H activation of N-sulfonyl-2-aminobiaryl and isocyanide insertion is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanling Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Bifu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou, China
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11
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Liu B, Li Y, Jiang H, Yin M, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed CC Coupling of Aryl Halides with Isocyanides: An Alternative Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of (3E)-(Imino)isoindolin-1-ones and (3E)-(Imino)thiaisoindoline 1,1-Dioxides. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Reis SD, Pang Y, Vishnu N, Voisset C, Galons H, Blondel M, Sanyal S. Mode of action of the antiprion drugs 6AP and GA on ribosome assisted protein folding. Biochimie 2011; 93:1047-54. [PMID: 21396977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ribosome, the protein synthesis machinery of the cell, has also been implicated in protein folding. This activity resides within the domain V of the main RNA component of the large subunit of the ribosome. It has been shown that two antiprion drugs 6-aminophenanthridine (6AP) and Guanabenz (GA) bind to the ribosomal RNA and inhibit specifically the protein folding activity of the ribosome. Here, we have characterized with biochemical experiments, the mode of inhibition of these two drugs using ribosomes or ribosomal components active in protein folding (referred to as 'ribosomal folding modulators' or RFMs) from both bacteria Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) as a sample protein. Our results indicate that 6AP and GA inhibit the protein folding activity of the ribosome by competition with the unfolded protein for binding to the ribosome. As a result, the yield of the refolded protein decreases, but the rate of its refolding remains unaffected. Further, 6AP- and GA mediated inhibition of RFM mediated refolding can be reversed by the addition of RFMs in excess. We also demonstrate with delayed addition of the ribosome and the antiprion drugs that there is a short time-span in the range of seconds within which the ribosome interacts with the unfolded protein. Thus we conclude that the protein folding activity of the ribosome is conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes and most likely the substrate for RFMs is an early refolding state of the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Dos Reis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Gug F, Oumata N, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Voisset C, Desban N, Bach S, Blondel M, Galons H. Synthesis of conjugates of 6-aminophenanthridine and guanabenz, two structurally unrelated prion inhibitors, for the determination of their cellular targets by affinity chromatography. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:279-88. [PMID: 20092293 DOI: 10.1021/bc900314n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of affinity matrices for 6-aminophenanthridine (6AP) and 2,6-dichlorobenzylidenaminoguanidine (Guanabenz, GA), two unrelated prion inhibitors, is described. In both cases, the same simple spacer, epsilon-aminocaproylaminopentanol, was introduced by a Mitsunobu reaction and the choice of the anchoring position of the linker was determined by the study of the residual antiprion activity of the corresponding 6AP or GA conjugates. Very recently, these two affinity matrices were used for chromatography assays leading to the identification of ribosome (via the rRNA) as a common target of these two antiprion drugs. Here, we show, using competition experiments with Quinacrine (QC) and Chlorpromazine (CPZ), two other antiprion drugs, that QC, but not CPZ, may also directly target the rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Gug
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, INSERM U648, Universite Paris-Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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14
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Ammonium Acetate: An Efficient Reagent for the One-pot Synthesis of 5-Aryl-7,8,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i] phenanthridines, 2,4-Diaryl-6,7-benzo-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones and α,α'-Bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.11.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Mandadapu AK, Saifuddin M, Agarwal PK, Kundu B. A new entry to phenanthridine ring systems via sequential application of Suzuki and the modified Pictet–Spengler reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2796-803. [DOI: 10.1039/b905696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Albert J, D’Andrea L, Granell J, Zafrilla J, Font-Bardia M, Solans X. Reactivity of cyclopalladated compounds derived from biphenyl-2-ylamine towards carbon monoxide, tbutyl isocyanide and alkynes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Gug F, Blondel M, Desban N, Bouaziz S, Vierfond JM, Galons H. An expeditious synthesis of 6-aminophenanthridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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