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Phelps J, Kumar R, Robinson JD, Chu JCK, Flodén NJ, Beaton S, Gaunt MJ. Multicomponent Synthesis of α-Branched Amines via a Zinc-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9045-9062. [PMID: 38488310 PMCID: PMC10996026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of α-branched alkylamines are important due to their ubiquity in biologically active molecules. Despite the development of many methods for amine preparation, C(sp3)-rich nitrogen-containing compounds continue to pose challenges for synthesis. While carbonyl reductive amination (CRA) between ketones and alkylamines is the cornerstone method for α-branched alkylamine synthesis, it is sometimes limited by the sterically demanding condensation step between dialkyl ketones and amines and the more restricted availability of ketones compared to aldehydes. We recently reported a "higher-order" variant of this transformation, carbonyl alkylative amination (CAA), which utilized a halogen atom transfer (XAT)-mediated radical mechanism, enabling the streamlined synthesis of complex α-branched alkylamines. Despite the efficacy of this visible-light-driven approach, it displayed scalability issues, and competitive reductive amination was a problem for certain substrate classes, limiting applicability. Here, we report a change in the reaction regime that expands the CAA platform through the realization of an extremely broad zinc-mediated CAA reaction. This new strategy enabled elimination of competitive CRA, simplified purification, and improved reaction scope. Furthermore, this new reaction harnessed carboxylic acid derivatives as alkyl donors and facilitated the synthesis of α-trialkyl tertiary amines, which cannot be accessed via CRA. This Zn-mediated CAA reaction can be carried out at a variety of scales, from a 10 μmol setup in microtiter plates enabling high-throughput experimentation, to the gram-scale synthesis of medicinally-relevant compounds. We believe that this transformation enables robust, efficient, and economical access to α-branched alkylamines and provides a viable alternative to the current benchmark methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils J. Flodén
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Beaton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Marchese AD, Dorsheimer JR, Rovis T. Photoredox-Catalyzed Generation of Tertiary Anions from Primary Amines via a Radical Polar Crossover. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317563. [PMID: 38189622 PMCID: PMC10873470 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A method for the generation of tertiary carbanions via a deaminative radical-polar crossover is reported using redox active imines from α-tertiary primary amines. A variety of benzylic amines and amino esters can be used in this approach, with the latter engaging in a novel "aza-Reformatsky" reaction. Electronic trends correlate the stability of the resulting carbanion with reaction efficiency. The anions can be trapped with different electrophiles including aldehydes, ketones, imines, Michael acceptors, and H2 O/D2 O. Selective anion formation can be achieved in the presence of another equivalent or more acidic C-H bond in both an inter- and intramolecular fashion. Mechanistic studies suggest the intermediacy of a discrete carbanion intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D. Marchese
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Julia R. Dorsheimer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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3
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Caldarelli M, Rezzi SJ, Colombo N, Pirali T, Papeo G. Photocatalytic Radical Coupling of Organoborates with α-Halogenated Electron-Poor Olefins. J Org Chem 2024; 89:633-643. [PMID: 38079578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the visible-light-mediated addition of organoborates to α-halogenated electron-poor olefins enabled by an environmentally benign metal-free catalyst. The method accommodates a variety of boronic acid derivatives as well as alkenes and delivers the corresponding saturated α-halo-derivatives in up to 90% yields. The obtained products are high-value building blocks in organic synthesis, allowing for a variety of follow-up transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caldarelli
- Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sarah Jane Rezzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Papeo
- Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milano, Italy
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4
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Lewis DE. Early Organic Chemistry in Kyiv: Serhii Mykolayovych Reformatskyi (1860-1934) and his Name Reaction. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300224. [PMID: 37702126 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Serhiy Mykolayovych Reformatskyi, [Ukrainian: Рeφopмaтcьκий, Cepгiй Mиκoлaйoвич; Russian: Sergei Nikolaevich Reformatskii, РeΦopмaтcκий, Cepгeй Hиκoлaeвич (1860-1934)] was a product of Zaitsev's laboratory in Kazan Imperial University in Russia and one of the founding fathers of organic chemistry in Ukraine. He discovered his eponymous reaction while a graduate student in Kazan under Zaitsev, studying the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols. He modified this reaction by replacing the olefinic π bond of an allyl halide with a carbonyl group. In the prototype reaction, he treated ethyl haloacetates with zinc and aldehydes or ketones. The reaction gave the corresponding β-hydroxyesters and remains an important synthetic method. Work on the reaction over the ensuing century and a quarter has led to the discovery of analogous reactions using a wide range of metals, and even permitting the use of water as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave., Eau Claire, WI, 54702-2002, USA
- 816 Third Avenue, Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
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5
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Luo J, Liu P, Yang W, Niu H, Li S, Liang C. Chemical kinetics and promoted Co-immobilization for efficient catalytic carbonylation of ethylene oxide into methyl 3-hydroxypropionate. Front Chem 2022; 10:945028. [PMID: 35936085 PMCID: PMC9354985 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.945028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbonylative transformation of ethylene oxide (EO) into methyl 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HPM) is a key process for the production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), which is currently viewed as one of the most promising monomers and intermediates in polyester and pharmaceuticals industry. In this work, a homogeneous reaction system using commercial Co2(CO)8 was first studied for the carbonylation of EO to 3-HPM. The catalytic behavior was related to the electronic environment of N on aromatic rings of ligands, where N with rich electron density induced a stronger coordination with Co center and higher EO transformation. A reaction order of 2.1 with respect to EO and 0.3 with respect to CO was unraveled based on the kinetics study. The 3-HPM yield reached 91.2% at only 40°C by Co2(CO)8 coordinated with 3-hydroxypyridine. However, Co-containing colloid was formed during the reaction, causing the tough separation and impossible recycling of samples. Concerning the sustainable utilization, Co particles immobilized on pre-treated carbon nanotubes (Co/CNT-C) were designed via an in situ reduced colloid method. It is remarkable that unlike conventional Co/CNT, Co/CNT-C was highly selective toward the transformation of EO to 3-HPM with a specific rate of 52.2 mmol·gCo-1·h-1, displaying a similar atomic efficiency to that of coordinated Co2(CO)8. After reaction, the supported Co/CNT-C catalyst could be easily separated from the liquid reaction mixture, leading to a convenient cyclic utilization.
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6
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Kuhwald C, Türkhan S, Kirschning A. Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:688-706. [PMID: 35821695 PMCID: PMC9235909 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inductive heating has developed into a powerful and rapid indirect heating technique used in various fields of chemistry, but also in medicine. Traditionally, inductive heating is used in industry, e.g., for heating large metallic objects including bending, bonding, and welding pipes. In addition, inductive heating has emerged as a partner for flow chemistry, both of which are enabling technologies for organic synthesis. This report reviews the combination of flow chemistry and inductive heating in industrial settings as well as academic research and demonstrates that the two technologies ideally complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Kuhwald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibel Türkhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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7
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Yuan YC, Mellah M, Schulz E, David ORP. Making Chiral Salen Complexes Work with Organocatalysts. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8841-8883. [PMID: 35266711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisimine derivatives of salicylaldehyde with chiral diamines (salens) are privileged ligands in asymmetric organometallic catalysis, which can be used in cooperation with organocatalysts as additives. The latter can be a modifier of the metal reactivity by liganding or a true co-catalyst working in tandem or in a dual system. All scenarios encountered in the literature are reviewed and classified according to the organocatalyst. In each case, mechanistic and physical-organic chemistry considerations are discussed to better understand the gears of these complex catalytic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Yuan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Mohamed Mellah
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuelle Schulz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier R P David
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France
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8
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Recent Advances in the One-Pot Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives from Different Starting Materials Using Nanoparticles: A Review. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Dongbang S, Confair DN, Ellman JA. Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation/Electrocyclization Cascade Provides Dihydropyridines That Serve as Versatile Intermediates to Diverse Nitrogen Heterocycles. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1766-1778. [PMID: 33740369 PMCID: PMC8026680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are present in approximately 60% of drugs, with nonplanar heterocycles incorporating stereogenic centers being of considerable interest to the fields of medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and synthetic methods development. Over the past several years, our laboratory has developed synthetic strategies to access highly functionalized nitrogen heterocycles with multiple stereogenic centers. This approach centers on the efficient preparation of diverse 1,2-dihydropyridines by a Rh-catalyzed C-H bond alkenylation/electrocyclization cascade from readily available α,β-unsaturated imines and alkynes. The often densely substituted 1,2-dihydropyridine products have proven to be extremely versatile intermediates that can be elaborated with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, often without purification or even isolation. Protonation or alkylation followed by addition of hydride or carbon nucleophiles affords tetrahydropyridines with divergent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity depending on the reaction conditions. Mechanistic experiments in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a rationale for the high level of regiocontrol and stereocontrol that is observed. Further elaboration of the tetrahydropyridines by diastereoselective epoxidation and regioselective ring opening furnishes hydroxy-substituted piperidines. Alternatively, piperidines can be obtained directly from dihydropyridines by catalytic hydrogenation in good yields with high face selectivity.When trimethylsilyl alkynes or N-trimethylsilylmethyl imines are employed as starting inputs, the Rh-catalyzed C-H bond alkenylation/electrocyclization cascade provides silyl-substituted dihydropyridines that enable a host of new and useful transformations to different heterocycle classes. Protonation of these products under acidic conditions triggers the loss of the silyl group and the formation of unstabilized azomethine ylides that would be difficult to access by other means. Depending on the location of the silyl group, [3 + 2] cycloaddition of the azomethine ylides with dipolarophiles provides tropane or indolizidine privileged frameworks, which for intramolecular cycloadditions yield complex polycyclic products with up to five contiguous stereogenic centers. When different types of conditions are employed, loss of the silyl group can result in either rearrangement to cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidines or to aminocyclopentadienes. Mechanistic experiments supported by DFT calculations provide reaction pathways for these unusual rearrangements.The transformations described in this Account are amenable to natural product synthesis and drug discovery applications because of the biological relevance of the structural motifs that are prepared, short reaction sequences that rely on readily available starting inputs, high regiocontrol and stereocontrol, and excellent functional group compatibility. For example, the methods have been applied to efficient asymmetric syntheses of morphinan drugs, including the opioid antagonist (-)-naltrexone, which is extensively used for the treatment of drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Dongbang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Danielle N Confair
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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10
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Donabauer K, König B. Strategies for the Photocatalytic Generation of Carbanion Equivalents for Reductant-Free C-C Bond Formations. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:242-252. [PMID: 33325678 PMCID: PMC7871440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe use of photocatalysis in organic chemistry has encountered a surge of novel transformations since the start of the 21st century. The majority of these transformations are driven by the generation and subsequent reaction of radicals, owing to the intrinsic property of common photocatalysts to transfer single electrons from their excited state. While this is a powerful and elegant method to develop novel transformations, several research groups recently sought to further extend the toolbox of photocatalysis into the realm of polar ionic reactivity by the formation of cationic as well as anionic key reaction intermediates to furnish a desired product.Our group became especially interested in the photocatalytic formation of anionic carbon nucleophiles, as the overall transformation resembles classical organometallic reactions like Grignard, Barbier, and Reformatsky reactions, which are ubiquitous in organic synthesis with broad applications especially in the formation of valuable C-C bonds. Although these classical reactions are frequently applied, their use still bears certain disadvantages; one is the necessity of an (over)stoichiometric amount of a reducing metal. The reducing, low-valent, metal is solely applied to activate the starting material to form the organometallic carbanion synthon, while the final reaction product does generally not contain a metal species. Hence, a stoichiometric amount of metal salt is bound to be generated at the end of each reaction, diminishing the atom economy. The use of visible light as mild and traceless activation agent to drive chemical reactions can be a means to arrive at a more atom economic transformation, as a reducing metal source is avoided. Beyond this, the vast pool of photocatalytic activation methods offers the potential to employ easily available starting materials, as simple as unfunctionalized alkanes, to open novel and more facile retrosynthetic pathways. However, as mentioned above, photocatalysis is dominated by open-shell radical reactivity. With neutral radicals showing an intrinsically different reactivity than ionic species, novel strategies to form intermediates expressing a polar behavior need to be developed in order to achieve this goal.In the last couple of years, several methods toward this aim have been reported by our group and others. This Account aims to give an overview of the different existing strategies to photocatalytically form carbon centered anions or equivalents of those in order to form C-C bonds. As the main concept is to omit a stoichiometric reductant source (like a low-valent metal in classical organometallic reactions), only redox-neutral and reductant-free transformations were taken into closer consideration. We present selected examples of important strategies and try to illustrate the intentions and concepts behind the methods developed by our group and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Donabauer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg,
Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg,
Germany
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11
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Xia Y, Ouyang L, Liao J, Wei Y, Luo R. Manganese-Mediated Reformatsky Reaction: Highly Divergent Synthesis of β-Hydroxyalkanoates. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202006062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Ouyang L, Xia Y, Wei Y, Liao J, Luo R. Highly Catalytic Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction with Aldehydes and Ketones Using an Available Prolinol Ligand. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16967-16975. [PMID: 32685867 PMCID: PMC7366354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly Me2Zn-mediated catalytic enantioselective Reformatsky reaction of aldehydes and ketones with ethyl iodoacetate using a readily available prolinol ligand is reported. This reaction provides an efficient method for the construction of β-hydroxy esters in up to 98% yield and 95% enantiomeric excess (ee) value. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated and the practicality of this protocol is demonstrated by performing the reaction on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ouyang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - YanPing Xia
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - YiFei Wei
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Renshi Luo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
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13
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Fang Y, Liao G, Guo H, Yu B, Liu HM. Synthesis of biologically relevant steroidal spiro β-lactams from dienamides through the cascade 4-endo N-cyclization/aerobic oxidation sequence. Steroids 2020; 159:108635. [PMID: 32169578 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The steroid nucleus and β-lactam are prevalent in natural products and drug molecules, the compounds containing such fragments always possess diverse and interesting biological profiles. Presented here is an unprecedented cascade 4-endo N-cyclization/aerobic oxidation sequence that enables the synthesis of biologically relevant steroidal spiro β-lactams from dienamides. Of note, two continuous quaternary chiral centers were constructed simultaneously in this process, and the title compounds bearing the OH and CN groups are highly functionalized, allowing for late-stage transformations for construction of diverse compound library. The protocol has several advantages such as mild reaction conditions and short reaction time, therefore could serve as a new strategy for synthesizing β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Guochao Liao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Chongqing Institute of Forensic Science, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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14
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Zhu JL, Laws SW, Rourke MJ, Scheidt KA. Radical coupling of β-ketoesters and amides promoted by Brønsted/Lewis acids. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020; 1:70-74. [PMID: 34485961 PMCID: PMC8411943 DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in photocatalysis have enabled radical methods with complementary chemoselectivity to established two electron bond forming approaches. While this radical strategy has previously been limited to substrates with favorable redox potentials, Brønsted/Lewis acid activation has emerged as a means of facilitating otherwise difficult reductions. We report herein our investigations into the Lewis acid-promoted redox activation of β-ketocarbonyls in a model photocatalytic radical alkylation reaction. Rapid evaluation of substrates and reactions conditions was achieved by high throughput experimentation using 96-well plate photoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Stephen W. Laws
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Michael J. Rourke
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Karl. A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
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15
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Kristensen JL, Clementson S, Jessing M, Vital PJ. Development of a Divergent Route to Erythrina Alkaloids. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Erythrina alkaloids were identified at the end of the 19th century and today, more than 100 members of the erythrinane family have been isolated. They are characterized by a unique tetracyclic, α-tertiary spiroamine scaffold. Herein we detail our efforts towards the development of a divergent enantioselective synthesis of (+)-dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) – one of the most prominent members of this intriguing family of natural products.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Strategy2.1 First Generation2.2 Second Generation2.3 Third Generation2.3.1 Radical Endgame2.3.2 Completion of the Total Synthesis3 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Sebastian Clementson
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
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16
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Maestro A, Martinez de Marigorta E, Palacios F, Vicario J. Enantioselective Aza-Reformatsky Reaction with Ketimines. Org Lett 2019; 21:9473-9477. [PMID: 31729883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, an enantioselective aza-Reformatsky reaction using acyclic ketimine substrates is presented. Using α-phosphorated ketimines as electrophilic substrates and a simple BINOL-derived ligand, phosphorated analogues of aspartic acid holding chiral tetrasubstituted carbons are efficiently obtained with excellent enantioselectivity through an asymmetric organocatalytic Reformatsky-type reaction. The phosphorated analogues of aspartic acid have been used for the synthesis of phosphorus-containing enantiopure tetrasubstituted β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Maestro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Edorta Martinez de Marigorta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Javier Vicario
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I , Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 , 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
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17
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Synthesis of novel Azol-β-lactam derivatives starting from phenyl piperazine and investigation of their antiurease activity and antioxidant capacity comparing with their molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Liu XY, Li XR, Zhang C, Chu XQ, Rao W, Loh TP, Shen ZL. Iron(0)-Mediated Reformatsky Reaction for the Synthesis of β-Hydroxyl Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2019; 21:5873-5878. [PMID: 31318222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, economical, and practical Reformatsky reaction of α-halo carbonyl compounds with aldehydes/ketones by using cheap and commercial iron(0) powder as reaction mediator is developed. The reactions proceeded effectively in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine (20 mol %) to afford the synthetically useful β-hydroxyl carbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yu Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xiang-Rui Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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19
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Cao Q, Stark RT, Fallis IA, Browne DL. A Ball-Milling-Enabled Reformatsky Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2554-2557. [PMID: 31033237 PMCID: PMC6619031 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An operationally simple one-jar one-step mechanochemical Reformatsky reaction using in situ generated organozinc intermediates under neat grinding conditions has been developed. Notable features of this reaction protocol are that it requires no solvent, no inert gases, and no pre-activation of the bulk zinc source. The developed process is demonstrated to have good substrate scope (39-82 % yield) and is effective irrespective of the initial morphology of the zinc source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cao
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Roderick T. Stark
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Ian A. Fallis
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
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20
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Batisse C, Céspedes Dávila MF, Castello M, Messara A, Vivet B, Marciniak G, Panossian A, Hanquet G, Leroux FR. Efficient asymmetric synthesis of aryl difluoromethyl sulfoxides and their use to access enantiopure α-difluoromethyl alcohols. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Mozaffari A, Jarrahpour A, Alborz M, Turos E. One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of
β
‐Lactams via In Situ Generated Imines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mozaffari
- Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesShiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84795 Iran
| | - Aliasghar Jarrahpour
- Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesShiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84795 Iran
| | - Maryam Alborz
- Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesShiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84795 Iran
| | - Edward Turos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Avenue CHE 205, Tampa, FL USA
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22
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Cheng JT, Zheng X, Huang PQ. Construction of multifunctional heterocycles bearing aza-quaternary carbons by titanocene-catalyzed umpolung reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Jiao C, Gao L, Yu B, Cong H, Shen Y. Mild polyaddition and polyalkylation based on the carbon–carbon bond formation reaction of active methylene. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40455-40461. [PMID: 35542661 PMCID: PMC9076256 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Michael addition and alkylation reaction of active methylene compounds (AMCs) with two active hydrogens had been investigated extensively in organic chemistry, while the polymerization of AMCs had few studies. Herein, we reported active methylene-based polyaddition and polyalkylation catalyzed via an organic superbase under ambient conditions. A model polymerization was first conducted between ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) and methyl cyanoacetate (MCA). The molecular weight (Mw) of the model polymer was up to 50 500 g mol−1 with a high yield (99%). Eight AMCs were selected and a high-throughput parallel synthesizing instrument (HTPSI) was used to synthesize semi-library polymers of AMCs and EGDA via a Michael type polyaddition. The obtained AMC-based polymers had low cell cytotoxicity. Elastomers with cyanogen groups could be prepared using trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a crosslinker. Furthermore, three dihalogen compounds were explored to polymerize with MCA and malononitrile via alkylation reactions. The pendent cyanogen or ester groups of the polymers could be reduced by lithium aluminum hydride. Novel polymer families were constructed based on the polyaddition and polyalkylation of AMCs. Active methylene-based polyaddition and polyalkylation catalyzed via an organic superbase were studied in a high-throughput parallel synthesizing instrument.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicai Jiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
| | - Lilong Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
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24
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Bellezza D, Noverges B, Fasano F, Sarmiento JT, Medio-Simón M, Asensio G. Palladium-Catalyzed C-C Ring Closure in α-Chloromethylimines: Synthesis of 1H
-Indoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bellezza
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Bárbara Noverges
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Francesco Fasano
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Jeymy T. Sarmiento
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Mercedes Medio-Simón
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Gregorio Asensio
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
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25
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Bulman Page PC, Kinsey FS, Chan Y, Strutt IR, Slawin AMZ, Jones GA. Novel binaphthyl and biphenyl α- and β-amino acids and esters: organocatalysis of asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions. A combined synthetic and computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7400-7416. [PMID: 30259945 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis of the Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and cinnamaldehydes has been studied using as catalysts a range of novel α- and β-aminoacids and aminoesters with binaphthyl and biphenyl backbones, providing enantioselectivities of up to 62% ee. B3LYP/6-31G* calculations, including free energy corrections, have been carried out on a binaphthyl catalyst example to identify transition state structures and to aid in the identification of major enantiomers. The calculated product ratios agree well with the experimental data; the transition states identified involve preferential approach of cyclopentene along a trajectory adjacent to the acid/ester group. The four lowest energy transition states display a stabilizing dipolar interaction between the carbonyl group oxygen atom and a terminal proton of the diene unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Bulman Page
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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26
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Trulli L, Raglione V, Fioravanti S. Selective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl β-Lactams by a Zn-Promoted 2-Bromo Ester Addition on C-CF 3-Substituted Aldimines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trulli
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Venanzio Raglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Stefania Fioravanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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28
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Yen A, Lautens M. Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylcyanation for the Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:4323-4327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Yen
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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29
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Jedidi Yaich B, Ould Amanatoullah A, Mekni NH, Romdhani-Younes M. Study of the zinc action on the 2-chloroethyl 2-bromo-2-perfluoroalkylethanoates. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1465265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balsem Jedidi Yaich
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abakar Ould Amanatoullah
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejib Hussein Mekni
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Romdhani-Younes
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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30
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Pellissier H. Recent developments in the asymmetric Reformatsky-type reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:325-344. [PMID: 29507638 PMCID: PMC5815279 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review collects the most important developments in asymmetric Reformatsky-type reactions published since the beginning of 2013, including both diastereoselective methodologies based on the use of chiral substrates and enantioselective catalytic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pellissier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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31
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Li Y, Chen J, He Z, Qin H, Zhou Y, Khan R, Fan B. Cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric reactions of heterobicyclic alkenes with in situ generated organozinc halides. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for the asymmetric allylation and benzylation of heterobicyclic alkenes is described by employing in situ generated organozinc halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
| | - Zhenxiu He
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
| | - Yongyun Zhou
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
| | - Ruhima Khan
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
| | - Baomin Fan
- YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
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32
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Zhong NJ, Wang YZ, Cheng L, Wang D, Liu L. Recent advances in the annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5214-5227. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00929e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize some of the most recent advances in the construction of cyclic compounds from the annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) adducts, which have demonstrated their importance by possessing diverse functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Jun Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yi-Zhan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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33
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Greszler SN, Halvorsen GT, Voight EA. Synthesis of Substituted Cyclopropanecarboxylates via Room Temperature Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Reformatsky Reagents. Org Lett 2017; 19:2490-2493. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N. Greszler
- Centralized Lead Optimization − Discovery Chemistry & Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Geoff T. Halvorsen
- Centralized Lead Optimization − Discovery Chemistry & Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric A. Voight
- Centralized Lead Optimization − Discovery Chemistry & Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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34
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Acylative kinetic resolution of racemic aromatic β-hydroxy esters catalyzed by chiral nucleophilic N -(1-arylethyl)benzoguanidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Ameri Rad J, Jarrahpour A, Ersanlı CC, Atioğlu Z, Akkurt M, Turos E. Synthesis of some novel indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin spiro-β-lactam conjugates. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Guan Z, Ding M, Sun Y, Yu S, Zhang A, Xia S, Hu X, Lin Y. The synthesis of two long-chain N-hydroxy amino coumarin compounds and their applications in the analysis of aldehydes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two long-chain N-substituted coumaryl hydroxylamines were synthesized, which can serve as excellent probes for the analysis of various aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Guan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Manman Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Sisi Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Shuguang Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Yawei Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
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37
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Xing Y, Zhang M, Ciccarelli S, Lee J, Catano B. AuIII-Catalyzed Formation of α-Halomethyl Ketones from Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - Sarah Ciccarelli
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - John Lee
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - Bryant Catano
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
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38
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De Munck L, Vila C, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR. Catalytic Enantioselective Aza-Reformatsky Reaction with Cyclic Imines. Chemistry 2016; 22:17590-17594. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lode De Munck
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Facultat de Química; Universitat de València; Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Facultat de Química; Universitat de València; Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
| | - M. Carmen Muñoz
- Departament de Física Aplicada; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Facultat de Química; Universitat de València; Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, València Spain
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39
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Wu P, Cai W, Chen QY, Xu S, Yin R, Li Y, Zhang W, Luesch H. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Apratoxin E and Its C30 Epimer: Configurational Reassignment of the Natural Product. Org Lett 2016; 18:5400-5403. [PMID: 27723359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apratoxin E provided the inspiration for the design of apratoxin A/E hybrids under preclinical development. Through total synthesis using two different strategies, it was determined that the originally proposed configuration of the thiazoline at C30 is opposite from that in apratoxin A, in contrast to previous assumptions on biosynthetic grounds. The epimer and true natural apratoxin E were synthesized, and the biological activities were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.,Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.,Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Senhan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Ruwen Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.,Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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40
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Yamada A, Nakata K. (R)-(+)-N-Methylbenzoguanidine ((R)-NMBG) catalyzed acylative kinetic resolution of racemic 3-hydroxy-3-aryl-propanoates. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Palmieri A, Petrini M. Sulfonyl Azoles in the Synthesis of 3-Functionalized Azole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1353-79. [PMID: 27147297 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl indoles, as well as related azolyl derivatives, have been recently introduced in synthesis as stable precursors of reactive indolenine intermediates. This personal account reports on the discovery of sulfonyl azoles and their practical utilization in many synthetic processes for the preparation of functionalized 3-substituted indoles, indazoles, and pyrroles. The indolenine intermediates obtained by treatment of sulfonyl azoles with Brønsted bases or Lewis acids can be considered as vinylogous imino derivatives that can be made to react with different nucleophilic reagents. These include organometallic reagents, reducing agents, stabilized carbanions, and heteronucleophiles. The controlled and mild conditions for the generation of indolenines from sulfonyl azoles make these substrates particularly useful in asymmetric synthesis, exploiting organo- or metal-catalyzed processes. Although less exploited, sulfonyl indoles can also be involved in photochemical processes for the preparation of polycyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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Horn EJ, Silverston JS, Vanderwal CD. A Failed Late-Stage Epimerization Thwarts an Approach to Ineleganolide. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1819-38. [PMID: 26863401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant efforts were made to complete a synthesis of the complex norcembranoid ineleganolide via a seemingly attractive strategy involving late-stage creation of the central seven-membered ring. While the two key enantioenriched building blocks were made via high-yielding sequences and their convergent union was efficient, the critical C4-C5 bond of this sterically congested natural product could never be forged. Several interesting examples of unexpected acid-base behavior and unanticipated proximity-induced reactivity accounted for most of the problems in the execution of the synthesis plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joel S Silverston
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Flores A, Massarelli I, Thoden JB, Plum LA, DeLuca HF. A Methylene Group on C-2 of 24,24-Difluoro-19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Markedly Increases Bone Calcium Mobilization in Vivo. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9731-41. [PMID: 26630444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four side chain fluorinated analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D have been prepared in convergent syntheses using the Wittig-Horner reaction as a key step. Structures and absolute configurations of analogues 3 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All analogues showed high potency in HL-60 cell differentiation and vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) transcription as compared to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1). Most important is that all of the 20S-configured derivatives (4 and 6) had high bone mobilizing activity in vivo. However, in the 20R series, a 2-methylene group was required for high bone mobilizing activity. A change in positioning of the 20R molecule in the vitamin D receptor when the 2-methylene group is present may provide new insight into the molecular basis of bone calcium mobilization induced by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Ilaria Massarelli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali , Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - James B Thoden
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, United States
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García-Álvarez J, Hevia E, Capriati V. Reactivity of Polar Organometallic Compounds in Unconventional Reaction Media: Challenges and Opportunities. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hussaini SR, Chamala RR, Wang Z. The Eschenmoser sulfide contraction method and its application in the synthesis of natural products. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Catano B, Lee J, Kim C, Farrell D, Petersen JL, Xing Y. Iron(III) catalyzed halo-functionalization of alkynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sakuma D, Yamada K, Sasazawa K, Nishii Y. Highly Stereoselective Carbon–Carbon Bond-forming Reactions on Cyclopropane Rings Using 1-(Methoxycarbonyl)cyclopropylzinc Bromides. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sakuma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Kenta Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Kazuya Sasazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Yoshinori Nishii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cho HH, Kim SH. A Zinc Enolate of Amide: Preparation and Application in Reformatsky-like Reaction Leading to β-Hydroxy Amides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Korea
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