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Maia M, Resende DISP, Durães F, Pinto MMM, Sousa E. Xanthenes in Medicinal Chemistry - Synthetic strategies and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113085. [PMID: 33310284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthenes are a special class of oxygen-incorporating tricyclic compounds. Structurally related to xanthones, the presence of different substituents in position 9 strongly influences their physical and chemical properties, as well as their biological applications. This review explores the synthetic methodologies developed to obtain 9H-xanthene, 9-hydroxyxanthene and xanthene-9-carboxylic acid, as well as respective derivatives, from simple starting materials or through modification of related structures. Azaxanthenes, bioisosteres of xanthenes, are also explored. Efficiency, safety, ecological impact and applicability of the described synthetic methodologies are discussed. Synthesis of multi-functionalized derivatives with drug-likeness properties are also reported and their activities explored. Synthetic methodologies for obtaining (aza)xanthenes from simple building blocks are available, and electrochemical and/or metal free procedures recently developed arise as greener and efficient methodologies. Nonetheless, the synthesis of xanthenes through the modification of the carbonyl in position 9 of xanthones represents the most straightforward procedure to easily obtain a variety of (aza)xanthenes. (Aza)xanthene derivatives displayed biological activity as neuroprotector, antitumor, antimicrobial, among others, proving the versatility of this nucleus for different biological applications. However, in some cases their chemical structures suggest a lack of pharmacokinetic properties being associated with safety concerns, which should be overcome if intended for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Maia
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Durães
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Ghasemzadeh MA, Ghaffarian F. Preparation of core/shell/shell CoFe
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/OCMC/Cu (BDC) nanostructure as a magnetically heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted xanthenes, quinazolines and acridines under ultrasonic irradiation. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarian
- Department of Chemistry, Qom BranchIslamic Azad University Qom Islamic Republic of Iran
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Lorion M, Agouridas V, Couture A, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. Cyclic Sulfamidates as Vehicles for the Synthesis of Poly- and Diversely Substituted Benzosultams via Unusual S(O)2−O Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2010; 12:1356-9. [PMID: 20180517 DOI: 10.1021/ol100288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magali Lorion
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France, USTL, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, Bâtiment C3(2), F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, and CNRS, UMR 8009 “COM”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, CNRS, UMR 8181 “UCCS”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Vangelis Agouridas
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France, USTL, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, Bâtiment C3(2), F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, and CNRS, UMR 8009 “COM”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, CNRS, UMR 8181 “UCCS”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Axel Couture
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France, USTL, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, Bâtiment C3(2), F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, and CNRS, UMR 8009 “COM”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, CNRS, UMR 8181 “UCCS”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Eric Deniau
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France, USTL, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, Bâtiment C3(2), F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, and CNRS, UMR 8009 “COM”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, CNRS, UMR 8181 “UCCS”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Pierre Grandclaudon
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France, USTL, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, Bâtiment C3(2), F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, and CNRS, UMR 8009 “COM”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, CNRS, UMR 8181 “UCCS”, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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Affolter O, Baro A, Frey W, Laschat S. Alkaloids from alkaloids: total synthesis of (±)-7a-epi-hyacinthacine A1 from Z-protected tropenone via Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Martínez-Viturro CM, Domínguez D. Synthesis of new chromeno[4,3,2-de]quinazolin-2-ones, -quinazolines and -pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moreau A, Lorion M, Couture A, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. A new total synthesis of porritoxin. J Org Chem 2007; 71:3303-5. [PMID: 16599636 DOI: 10.1021/jo052592f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient total synthesis of the phytotoxin porritoxin is described. The key step of the synthesis is based upon a Parham cyclization methodology which enables the creation of the lactam unit embedded in the title compound framework with the concomitant formation of the tethered hydroxyakyl chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Moreau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, UMR 8009 Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire, Université des Sciences et technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C3(2), F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Lamblin M, Couture A, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. A concise first total synthesis of narceine imide. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1466-71. [PMID: 17464418 DOI: 10.1039/b701661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient total synthesis of alkaloid narceine imide is disclosed. The key steps are based upon the sequential construction of the isoindolinone template followed by metalation and coupling with an isoquinolinium salt. Subsequent E1cb elimination enables the creation of the arylmethylene unit with the concomitant formation of the dimethylaminoethyl chain and ultimate deprotection completes the synthesis of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lamblin
- UMR 8009 Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire, LCOP, Bâtiment C3(2), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Moreau A, Couture A, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. Construction of the Six- and Five-Membered Aza-Heterocyclic Units of the Isoindoloisoquinolone Nucleus by Parham-Type Cyclization Sequences -Total Synthesis of Nuevamine. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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