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Dequina HJ, Jones CL, Schomaker JM. Recent updates and future perspectives in aziridine synthesis and reactivity. Chem 2023; 9:1658-1701. [PMID: 37681216 PMCID: PMC10482075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, selected recent advances in the preparation and reactivity of aziridines using modern synthetic approaches are highlighted, while comparing these new strategies with more classical approaches. This critical analysis is designed to help identify current gaps in the field and is showcasing new and exciting opportunities to move the chemistry of aziridines forward in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary J. Dequina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Corey L. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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2
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Kattamuri PV, Zhao J, Das TK, Siitonen JH, Morgan N, Ess DH, Kürti L. Aza-Quasi-Favorskii Reaction: Construction of Highly Substituted Aziridines through a Concerted Multibond Rearrangement Process. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10943-10949. [PMID: 35674783 PMCID: PMC9994606 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new molecular rearrangement, the aza-Quasi-Favorskii rearrangement, has been developed for the construction of highly substituted aziridines. Electron-deficient O-sulfonyl oximes react readily with α,α-disubstituted acetophenone-derived enolates to furnish highly substituted aziridines via this unprecedented domino process. In-depth computational studies reveal an asynchronous yet concerted nitrenoid-type rearrangement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jidong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Tamal Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Juha H Siitonen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nathan Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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3
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Musci P, Colella M, Fanelli F, Altomare A, Pisano L, Carlucci C, Luisi R, Degennaro L. Stereo- and Enantioselective Addition of Organolithiums to 2-Oxazolinylazetidines as a Synthetic Route to 2-Acylazetidines. Front Chem 2019; 7:614. [PMID: 31572708 PMCID: PMC6749145 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic route to N-alkyl-2-acylazetidines was developed through a highly stereoselective addition of organolithiums to N-alkyl-2-oxazolinylazetidines followed by acidic hydrolysis of the resulting oxazolidine intermediates. This study revealed an unusual reactivity of the C=N bond of the oxazoline group when reacted with organolithiums in a non-polar solvent such as toluene. The observed reactivity has been explained considering the role of the nitrogen lone pair of the azetidine ring as well as of the oxazolinyl group in promoting a complexation of the organolithium, thus ending up with the addition to the C=N double bond. The high level of stereoselectivity in this addition is supported by DFT calculations and NMR investigations, and a model is proposed for the formation of the oxazolidine intermediates, that have been isolated and fully characterized. Upon acidic conditions, the oxazolidine moieties were readily converted into 2-acylazetidines. This synthetic approach has been applied for the preparation of highly enantioenriched 2-acylazetidines starting from chiral not racemic N-alkyl-2-oxazolinylazetidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantaleo Musci
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Flavio Fanelli
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.,Crystallography Institute of the National Research Council (IC-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Altomare
- Crystallography Institute of the National Research Council (IC-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
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4
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Korb M, Lehrich SW, Lang H. Reactivity of Ferrocenyl Phosphates Bearing (Hetero-)Aromatics and [3]Ferrocenophanes toward Anionic Phospho-Fries Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3102-3124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Steve W. Lehrich
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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5
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Zheng S, Zhang S. Synthesis of allyl-aziridines from α-halo oxime ethers and allyl zinc bromides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of allyl aziridines by reacting α-halo oxime ethers with allylic zinc reagents under mild conditions. Some advantages of using organozinc reagents are that they are easily prepared, non-toxic, and more selective than Grignard reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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6
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Capriati V, Florio S, Luisi R. Complexation Phenomena and Dynamics at Work in the Lithiation Reactions of Small-Ring Heterocycles: Regio- and Stereoselectivity. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Florio S, Degennaro L, Mansueto R, Musio B, Perna FM, Salomone A. Lithiated oxazolinyloxiranes and oxazolinylaziridines: key players in organic synthesis. PURE APPL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2013-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper focuses on α-lithiated oxazolinyloxiranes and oxazolinylaziridines, their generation, reactions, and synthetic applications. The ability of the oxazoline ring in providing stabilization to such α-heterosubstituted carbanions either through electronic effects and coordinative action has been stressed as well as the contribution to the configurational stability or instability of such species. IR spectroscopic data, multinuclear NMR investigations, and ab initio calculations planned to get insights on chemical properties and structural features have been carried out. A number of new reactions including alkylations, addition reactions, hydroxyalkylations, cyclopropanations, lactonizations, and rearrangements have been discovered, giving access to a variety of substances including: aziridinolactones, epoxylactones, aryl alkanones, polysubstituted cyclopropanes, cyclopropanefused lactones, dihydro-oxazoloisoquinolines, diversely functionalized oxazolines, and products that can be derived from them by synthetic elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Florio
- 1Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- 1Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosmara Mansueto
- 1Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Biagia Musio
- 2Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- 1Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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8
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Degennaro L, Zenzola M, Trinchera P, Carroccia L, Giovine A, Romanazzi G, Falcicchio A, Luisi R. Regioselective functionalization of 2-arylazetidines: evaluating the ortho-directing ability of the azetidinyl ring and the α-directing ability of the N-substituent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1698-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Degennaro L, Mansueto R, Carenza E, Rizzi R, Florio S, Pratt LM, Luisi R. Nitrogen Dynamics and Reactivity of Chiral Aziridines: Generation of Configurationally Stable Aziridinyllithium Compounds. Chemistry 2011; 17:4992-5003. [PMID: 21465584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125-Bari, Italy
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10
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de Ceglie MC, Musio B, Affortunato F, Moliterni A, Altomare A, Florio S, Luisi R. Solvent- and Temperature-Dependent Functionalisation of Enantioenriched Aziridines. Chemistry 2010; 17:286-96. [PMID: 21207624 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina de Ceglie
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari A. Moro, Via E. Orabona, 4 70125 Bari, Italy
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11
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Hodgson DM, Xu Z. α,β-Aziridinylphosphonates by lithium amide-induced phosphonyl migration from nitrogen to carbon in terminal aziridines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:978-83. [PMID: 21085508 PMCID: PMC2981828 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Phosphonate terminal aziridines undergo lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide-induced N- to C-[1,2]-anionic phosphonyl group migration under experimentally straightforward conditions, to provide a stereocontrolled access to synthetically valuable trans-α,β-aziridinylphosphonates. The utility of this chemistry has been demonstrated in the asymmetric synthesis of a β-aminophosphonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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12
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Robak MT, Herbage MA, Ellman JA. Synthesis and applications of tert-butanesulfinamide. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3600-740. [PMID: 20420386 DOI: 10.1021/cr900382t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 904] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MaryAnn T Robak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Florio S, Luisi R. Aziridinyl Anions: Generation, Reactivity, and Use in Modern Synthetic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5128-57. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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14
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Nagaki A, Takizawa E, Yoshida JI. Generations and Reactions ofN-(t-Butylsulfonyl)aziridinyllithiums Using Microreactors. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Musio B, Clarkson GJ, Shipman M, Florio S, Luisi R. Synthesis of optically active arylaziridines by regio- and stereospecific lithiation of N-bus-phenylaziridine. Org Lett 2009; 11:325-8. [PMID: 19086905 DOI: 10.1021/ol802487v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha,alpha-disubstituted aziridines can be produced in good yields by selective lithiation of N-tert-butylsulfonyl-2-phenylaziridine (n-BuLi/TMEDA, Et(2)O) at the benzylic position and subsequent trapping with a range of electrophiles. Repetition of the lithiation/electrophilic trapping sequence provides a stereocontrolled route to trisubstituted aziridines. Using (R)-N-tert-butylsulfonyl-2-phenylaziridine, the alpha,alpha-disubstituted aziridines can be produced as single enantiomers (er >98:2), indicating that the intermediate organolithium is configurationally stable. Efficient aziridine ring-opening reactions leading to 1,2-diamines and 1,4-diamines are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagia Musio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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16
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Declerck R, De Sterck B, Verstraelen T, Verniest G, Mangelinckx S, Jacobs J, De Kimpe N, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Insight into the Solvation and Isomerization of 3-Halo-1-azaallylic Anions from Ab Initio Metadynamics Calculations and NMR Experiments. Chemistry 2009; 15:580-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Affortunato F, Florio S, Luisi R, Musio B. α- vs Ortho-Lithiation of N-Alkylarylaziridines: Probing the Role of the Nitrogen Inversion Process. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9214-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8016549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Affortunato
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Biagia Musio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
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18
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Hodgson DM, Hughes SP, Thompson AL, Heightman TD. Terminal aziridines by alpha-deprotonation/electrophile trapping of N-protected aziridine. Org Lett 2008; 10:3453-6. [PMID: 18613698 DOI: 10.1021/ol801224g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-tert-Butylsulfonyl and N-tert-butylsulfinyl aziridine undergo alpha-lithiation/electrophile trapping providing a new entry to terminal aziridines. With N-tert-butylsulfinyl aziridine complete asymmetric induction is observed alpha to nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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19
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Fan R, Ye Y. Iodobenzene Diacetate/Tetrabutylammonium Iodide‐Induced Aziridination ofN‐Tosylimines with Activated Methylene Compounds under Mild Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Hodgson DM, Humphreys PG, Miles SM, Brierley CAJ, Ward JG. Dimerization and Isomerization Reactions of α-Lithiated Terminal Aziridines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10009-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701901t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and Neurology & GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | - Philip G. Humphreys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and Neurology & GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M. Miles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and Neurology & GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. J. Brierley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and Neurology & GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom, and Neurology & GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, United Kingdom
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21
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Luisi R, Capriati V, Di Cunto P, Florio S, Mansueto R. Regio- and Stereoselective Lithiation of Terminal Oxazolinylaziridines: The Aziridine N-Substituent and the Oxazolinyl Group Effect. Org Lett 2007; 9:3295-8. [PMID: 17655249 DOI: 10.1021/ol071264u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective lithiation of terminal oxazolinylaziridines has been investigated. The steric hindrance of the nitrogen substituent in 1-trityl-2-oxazolinylaziridine 3a, combined with the coordinating ability of the oxazolinyl group, causes beta-lithiation, whereas a completely regioselective alpha-lithiation is observed with the much less sterically demanding 1-benzyl-2-oxazolinylaziridine 3c and a competition between alpha- and beta-lithiation occurs with 1-cumyl-2-oxazolinylaziridine 3b in which the N-substituent has a steric hindrance in between the trityl and the benzyl groups. The application of the lithiation-trapping sequence for the preparation of enantioenriched 2,3-cis-disubstituted oxazolinylaziridines and aziridino-gamma-lactones is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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22
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Hodgson DM, Humphreys PG, Xu Z, Ward JG. Lithiation-induced migrations from nitrogen to carbon in terminal aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2245-8. [PMID: 17300125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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23
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Singh GS, D'hooghe M, De Kimpe N. Synthesis and Reactivity ofC-Heteroatom-Substituted Aziridines. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2080-135. [PMID: 17488062 DOI: 10.1021/cr0680033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija S Singh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
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24
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Hodgson D, Humphreys P, Xu Z, Ward J. Lithiation-Induced Migrations from Nitrogen to Carbon in Terminal Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Luisi R, Capriati V, Florio S, Musio B. Regio- and Stereoselective Lithiation and Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of N-Alkyl-2,3-diphenylaziridines: Solvent Effect. Org Lett 2007; 9:1263-6. [PMID: 17338535 DOI: 10.1021/ol0700714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text]. The lithiation reaction of cis- and trans-N-alkyl-2,3-diphenylaziridines has been investigated. While cis-diphenylaziridines do not undergo any lithiation upon treatment with organolithiums, the lithiation reaction of the trans counterparts is completely alpha-regioselective and the stereochemical course of the lithiation-trapping sequence is solvent dependent: inversion of configuration in coordinating solvents (THF or toluene/crown ether) and retention in hexane, ether, or toluene. The preparation of stereodefined functionalized N-alkyl-2,3-diphenylaziridines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici ICCOM, Sezione di Bari, Via E Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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Three-membered ring systems (2005). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(07)80007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Hodgson DM, Humphreys PG, Ward JG. Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Unsaturated Terminal Aziridines. Org Lett 2006; 8:995-8. [PMID: 16494493 DOI: 10.1021/ol060101n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regio- and stereoselective deprotonation of bishomoallylic terminal N-Bus (Bus=tert-butylsulfonyl)-protected aziridines generate aziridinyl anions that undergo diastereoselective intramolecular cyclopropanation giving trans-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, UK.
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Capriati V, Florio S, Luisi R, Musio B. Directed Ortho Lithiation of N-Alkylphenylaziridines. Org Lett 2005; 7:3749-52. [PMID: 16092866 DOI: 10.1021/ol051412l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ortho lithiation-trapping sequence of phenylaziridines is described. This methodology, which counts on the ability of the aziridino group to act as a directed metalation group (DMG), provides an easy access to functionalized arylaziridines as well as to phthalans and phthalides. The importance of the aziridine N-substituent in this DoM reaction is stressed as well. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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