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Manneveau M, Tanii S, Gens F, Legros J, Chataigner I. Dearomatization of 3-cyanoindoles by (3 + 2) cycloaddition: from batch to flow chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3481-3486. [PMID: 32347286 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dipolar dearomatizing cycloadditions between a non-stabilized azomethine ylide and 3-cyanoindoles or benzofuran afford the corresponding 3D-heterocycles bearing a quaternary carbon centre at the ring junction. While 6 equivalents of ylide precursor 1 are required for full conversion in a classical flask, working under flow conditions limits the excess (3 equiv., tR = 1 min) and leads to a cleaner process, affording cycloadducts that are easier to isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Manneveau
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory, F-76000 Rouen, France.
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2
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Zhong C, Yin Q, Zhao Y, Li Q, Hu L. Formal [5+1] annulation reactions of dielectrophilic peroxides: facile access to functionalized dihydropyrans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13189-13192. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Peroxides, functioning as unique five-atom bielectrophilic synthons, enable the new [5+1] annulation reactions to access dihydropyrans in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Qi Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Qinfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Lin Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
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Andreini M, De Paolis M, Chataigner I. Thiourea-catalyzed dearomatizing [4+2] cycloadditions of 3-nitroindole. CATAL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Borukhova S, Seeger AD, Noël T, Wang Q, Busch M, Hessel V. Pressure-accelerated azide-alkyne cycloaddition: micro capillary versus autoclave reactor performance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:504-512. [PMID: 25522301 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pressure effects on regioselectivity and yield of cycloaddition reactions have been shown to exist. Nevertheless, high pressure synthetic applications with subsequent benefits in the production of natural products are limited by the general availability of the equipment. In addition, the virtues and limitations of microflow equipment under standard conditions are well established. Herein, we apply novel-process-window (NPWs) principles, such as intensification of intrinsic kinetics of a reaction using high temperature, pressure, and concentration, on azide-alkyne cycloaddition towards synthesis of Rufinamide precursor. We applied three main activation methods (i.e., uncatalyzed batch, uncatalyzed flow, and catalyzed flow) on uncatalyzed and catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. We compare the performance of two reactors, a specialized autoclave batch reactor for high-pressure operation up to 1800 bar and a capillary flow reactor (up to 400 bar). A differentiated and comprehensive picture is given for the two reactors and the three methods of activation. Reaction speedup and consequent increases in space-time yields is achieved, while the process window for favorable operation to selectively produce Rufinamide precursor in good yields is widened. The best conditions thus determined are applied to several azide-alkyne cycloadditions to widen the scope of the presented methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Borukhova
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
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5
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M. Chemistry of α-oxoesters: a powerful tool for the synthesis of heterocycles. Chem Rev 2014; 115:151-264. [PMID: 25423283 DOI: 10.1021/cr5004216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Lee S, Diab S, Queval P, Sebban M, Chataigner I, Piettre SR. Aromatic CC Bonds as Dipolarophiles: Facile Reactions of Uncomplexed Electron-Deficient Benzene Derivatives and Other Aromatic Rings with a Non-Stabilized Azomethine Ylide. Chemistry 2013; 19:7181-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Wu XF, Neumann H. Zinc-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis: CC, CN, CO Bond Formation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Geary LM, Hultin PG. Palladium-Catalyzed Modular Assembly of Electron-Rich Alkenes, Dienes, Trienes, and Enynes from (E)-1,2-Dichlorovinyl Phenyl Ether. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6354-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1014678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laina M. Geary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Philip G. Hultin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Victoria Gómez M, Aranda AI, Moreno A, Cossío FP, de Cózar A, Díaz-Ortiz Á, de la Hoz A, Prieto P. Microwave-assisted reactions of nitroheterocycles with dienes. Diels–Alder and tandem hetero Diels–Alder/[3,3] sigmatropic shift. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Li Y, Dolphin D. Regioselective Reduction of 2,4-Diacylpyrroles and the Synthesis of a 2,4-Divinylpyrrole. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Nunzi F, Sgamellotti A, De Angelis F. Cr(CO)3-Activated Diels-Alder Reaction on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: A DFT Investigation. Chemistry 2009; 15:4182-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chopin N, Gérard H, Chataigner I, Piettre SR. Benzofurans as Efficient Dienophiles in Normal Electron Demand [4 + 2] Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2008; 74:1237-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802205d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Chopin
- UMR CNRS 6014, IRCOF, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnières, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Université Paris VI, 3, rue Galilée, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Hélène Gérard
- UMR CNRS 6014, IRCOF, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnières, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Université Paris VI, 3, rue Galilée, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- UMR CNRS 6014, IRCOF, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnières, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Université Paris VI, 3, rue Galilée, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Serge R. Piettre
- UMR CNRS 6014, IRCOF, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Tesnières, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Université Paris VI, 3, rue Galilée, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
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Benito-López F, Egberink RJ, Reinhoudt DN, Verboom W. High pressure in organic chemistry on the way to miniaturization. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chataigner I, Piettre SR. Multicomponent Domino [4+2]/[3+2] Cycloadditions of Nitroheteroaromatics: An Efficient Synthesis of Fused Nitrogenated Polycycles. Org Lett 2007; 9:4159-62. [PMID: 17880093 DOI: 10.1021/ol701608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation by high pressure allows 3-nitroindole and 3-nitropyrrole derivatives to behave as electron-poor heterodienes in multicomponent domino [4+2]/[3+2] cycloaddition processes. The primary [4+2] inverse demand cycloaddition appears to be completely endo selective, while the subsequent [3+2] process shows a total facial selectivity, setting the stereochemistry at ring junction, and an endo/exo selectivity depending on the nature of the heterocycle. In two operations, a polycyclic diamine featuring a quaternary center at ring junction is efficiently generated.
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Effect of the leaving group on the reaction of 2-aminopyrroles with electron deficient heteroaromatic azadienes: substitution by addition–elimination versus cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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De Rosa M, Arnold D. Mechanism of the inverse-electron demand Diels–Alder reaction of 2-aminopyrroles with 1,3,5-triazines: detection of an intermediate and effect of added base and acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Teyssot ML, Lormier AT, Chataigner I, Piettre SR. Cross-Diels−Alder Reactions of 6-Oxo-1-Sulfonyl-1,6-Dihydropyridine-3-Carboxylates. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2364-73. [PMID: 17346084 DOI: 10.1021/jo062186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron-poor 6-oxo-1-sulfonyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylates 1b-d undergo cross-Diels-Alder reactions with electron-rich dienes 4a-f under hyperbaric conditions, reacting either as dienophiles to yield normal-electron-demand (NED) cycloadducts 10 and/or 11 or as dienes to give inverse-electron-demand (IED) cycloadducts 12 and/or 13. The latter are converted into 14 and/or 15 through an NED cycloaddition with a second equivalent of electron-rich diene. Acyclic dienes display a propensity to yield NED products, whereas cyclic dienes tend to favor IED cycloadducts. High-pressure activation compares favorably with thermal or microwave activation in terms of both yields and suppression of the transformation of 1 into unreactive pyridines 3. Whereas the Cope rearrangement from IED to NED occurs under thermal conditions, no evidence of its involvement under high pressure could be detected. These and other data point to similar activation energies for the NED and IED processes under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Teyssot
- Laboratoire des Fonctions Azotées et Oxygénées Complexes, UMR CNRS 6014, IRCOF-Université de Rouen, Rue Tesnières, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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Chataigner I, Panel C, Gérard H, Piettre SR. Sulfonyl vs. carbonyl group: which is the more electron-withdrawing? Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3288-90. [PMID: 17668103 DOI: 10.1039/b705034h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unexpectedly high reactivity of nitrogenated aromatics protected as amides or carbamates, when compared to sulfonamides, can be explained by a decrease of the aromaticity due to a greater ability of the carbon-centered groups to achieve delocalisation of the nitrogen lone pair, resulting in stronger global withdrawing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Chataigner
- Laboratoire des Fonctions Azotées et Oxygénées Complexes, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6014, F-76821, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
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