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Chen PY, Hsu CW, Ho TI, Ho JH. The selective synthesis of N-arylbenzene-1,2-diamines or 1-arylbenzimidazoles by irradiating 4-methoxy-4'-substituted-azobenzenes in different solvents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6662-6666. [PMID: 35423196 PMCID: PMC8694891 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvent-controllable photoreaction of 4-methoxyazobenzenes to afford 1-aryl-1H-benzimidazoles or N-arylbenzene-1,2-diamines has been studied. The irradiation of 4-methoxyazobenzenes in DMF containing 0.5 M hydrochloric acid provided N2-aryl-4-methoxybenzene-1,2-diamines as the major product, while irradiation in acetal containing 0.16 M hydrochloric acid led to 1-aryl-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazoles as the major product. A possible reaction mechanism explaining the selectivity was also discussed. A solvent-controllable photoreaction involving 4-methoxyazobenzenes has been developed to synthesize 1-aryl-1H-benzimidazoles or N-arylbenzene-1,2-diamines in moderate to good yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taiwan .,EdBrother Biotechnology Ltd Taiwan
| | - Tong-Ing Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan
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2
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Wang R, Ma M, Gong X, Panetti GB, Fan X, Walsh PJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Umpolung Reactivity of Imines: Ketimine Reductions with Cy2NMe and Water. Org Lett 2018; 20:2433-2436. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Ma
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Gong
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Grace B. Panetti
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People’s Republic of China
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Renzi P, Hioe J, Gschwind RM. Decrypting Transition States by Light: Photoisomerization as a Mechanistic Tool in Brønsted Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6752-6760. [PMID: 28472888 PMCID: PMC5456416 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide applicability of enantioselective Brønsted acid catalysis, experimental insight into transition states is very rare, and most of the mechanistic knowledge is gained by theoretical calculations. Here, we present an alternative approach (decrypting transition state by light = DTS-hν), which enables the decryption of the transition states involved in chiral phosphoric acids catalyzed addition of nucleophiles to imines. Photoisomerization of double bonds is employed as a mechanistic tool. For this class of reactions four pathways (Type I Z, Type I E, Type II Z, Type II E) are possible, leading to different enantiomers depending on the imine configuration (E- or Z-imine) and on the nucleophilic attack site (top or bottom). We demonstrated that the imine double bond can be isomerized by light (365 nm LED) during the reaction leading to a characteristic fingerprint pattern of changes in reaction rate and enantioselectivity. This characteristic fingerprint pattern is directly correlated to the transition states involved in the transformation. Type I Z and Type II Z are demonstrated to be the competing pathways for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketimines, while in the nucleophilic addition of acetylacetone to N-Boc protected aldimines Type I E and Type II E are active. Accelerations on reaction rate up to 177% were observed for ketimines reduction. Our experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations and noncovalent interaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyssena Renzi
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johnny Hioe
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Kong D, Li M, Zi G, Hou G, He Y. Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Diarylmethanimines for Synthesis of Chiral Diarylmethylamines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6640-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duanyang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meina Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Wilhelms N, Kulchat S, Lehn JM. Organocatalysis of CN/CN and CC/CN Exchange in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Yoshimi Y, Ishise A, Oda H, Moriguchi Y, Kanezaki H, Nakaya Y, Katsuno K, Itou T, Inagaki S, Morita T, Hatanaka M. Hydroxide ion as electron source for photochemical Birch-type reduction and photodehalogenation. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alonso R, Campos PJ, García B, Rodríguez MA. New Light-Induced Iminyl Radical Cyclization Reactions of Acyloximes to Isoquinolines. Org Lett 2006; 8:3521-3. [PMID: 16869650 DOI: 10.1021/ol061258i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient photochemical approach for the unusual generation of six-membered heterocyclic rings is reported. Iminyl radicals, generated by the irradiation of acyloximes, participate in intramolecular cyclization processes and in intermolecular addition-intramolecular cyclization sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alonso
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C., Madre de Dios, 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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