1
|
Dehnert BW, Dworkin JH, Kwon O. Dealkenylative Functionalizations: Conversion of Alkene C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Bonds into C(sp 3)-X Bonds via Redox-Based Radical Processes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2024; 56:71-86. [PMID: 38832211 PMCID: PMC11147281 DOI: 10.1055/a-2044-4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the history and recent advances in dealkenylative functionalization. Through this deconstructive strategy, radical functionalizations occur under mild, robust conditions. The reactions described proceed with high efficiency, good stereoselectivity, tolerate many functional groups, and are completed within a matter of minutes. By cleaving the C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond of terpenes and terpenoid-derived precursors, rapid diversification of natural products is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady W Dehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy H Dworkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Myasoedova YV, Garifullina LR, Belyaeva ER, Ishmuratov GY. Ozonolytic transformations of (
R
)‐(−)‐carvon in the presence of pyridine. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V. Myasoedova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Liliya R. Garifullina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Evelina R. Belyaeva
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Gumer Yu Ishmuratov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smaligo AJ, Swain M, Quintana JC, Tan MF, Kim DA, Kwon O. Hydrodealkenylative C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) bond fragmentation. Science 2019; 364:681-685. [PMID: 31097667 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis typically relies on reactions that generate complexity through elaboration of simple starting materials. Less common are deconstructive strategies toward complexity-particularly those involving carbon-carbon bond scission. Here, we introduce one such transformation: the hydrodealkenylative cleavage of C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds, conducted below room temperature, using ozone, an iron salt, and a hydrogen atom donor. These reactions are performed in nonanhydrous solvents and open to the air; reach completion within 30 minutes; and deliver their products in high yields, even on decagram scales. We have used this broadly functionality tolerant transformation to produce desirable synthetic intermediates, many of which are optically active, from abundantly available terpenes and terpenoid-derived precursors. We have also applied it in the formal total syntheses of complex molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Smaligo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Manisha Swain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason C Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mikayla F Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Danielle A Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Smaligo AJ, Vardhineedi S, Kwon O. Carvone-Derived P-Stereogenic Phosphines: Design, Synthesis, and Use in Allene-Imine [3 + 2] Annulation. ACS Catal 2018; 8:5188-5192. [PMID: 30393576 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a previously unreported family of P-stereogenic [2.2.1] bicyclic chiral phosphines through straightforward syntheses starting from the natural product carvone. This design rationale prompted the development of an unforeseen C-dealkenylation reaction. We have applied these organocatalysts in the asymmetric syntheses of a bevy of pyrrolines, obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities, including a biologically active small molecule, efsevin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Smaligo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Sriramurthy Vardhineedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Michalak M, Michalak K, Wicha J. The synthesis of cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones, and related steroids bearing a heterocyclic subunit. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:361-410. [PMID: 28378871 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00107f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: early studies through to March 2016Cardenolides and bufadienolides constitute an attractive class of biologically active steroid derivatives which have been used for the treatment of heart disease in traditional remedies as well as in modern medicinal therapy. Due to their application as therapeutic agents and their unique molecular structures, bearing unsaturated 5- or 6-membered lactones (or other heterocycles) attached to the steroid core, cardio-active steroids have received great attention, which has intensified during the last decade, in the synthetic organic community. Advances in the field of cross-coupling reactions have provided a powerful tool for the attachment of lactone subunits to the steroid core. This current review covers a methodological analysis of synthetic efforts to cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones. Special emphasis is given to cross-coupling reactions applied for the attachment of lactone subunits at sterically very hindered positions of the steroid core. The carefully selected partial and total syntheses of representative cardio-active steroids will also be presented to exemplify recent achievements (improvements) in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reardon MB, Yasgur BC, Jakobsche CE. A regio- and stereo-selective annulation to form the ‘inside-out’ trans-bicyclo[9.2.1]tetradecane ring system. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Faizullina LK, Faizullina DM, Galimova YS, Salikhov SM, Shamukaev VA, Safiullin RL, Valeev FA. Reaction of levoglucosenone with Dane’s diene. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Initial Synthesis of Diastereomeric Pyran Spirooxoindolinones Based on (–)-Carvone and (+)-3-Carene. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Jung ME, Guzaev M. Studies Toward the Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of Rhodexin A. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7518-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400909t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569,
United States
| | - Mikhail Guzaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
A highly efficient route was developed to synthesize (-)-8-epigrosheimin in four steps from aldehyde 2 based on a substrate-controlled method. The key steps of the synthesis included (1) a stereo- and regioselective allylation addition, (2) an intramolecular translactonization, and (3) an aldehyde-ene cyclization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haishen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Emer E, Sinisi R, Capdevila MG, Petruzziello D, De Vincentiis F, Cozzi PG. Direct Nucleophilic S
N
1‐Type Reactions of Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Emer
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy, Fax: +39‐051‐2099456
| | - Riccardo Sinisi
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy, Fax: +39‐051‐2099456
| | - Montse Guiteras Capdevila
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy, Fax: +39‐051‐2099456
| | - Diego Petruzziello
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy, Fax: +39‐051‐2099456
| | - Francesco De Vincentiis
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy, Fax: +39‐051‐2099456
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy, Fax: +39‐051‐2099456
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Christian CF, Takeya T, Szymanski MJ, Singleton DA. Isotope effects and the mechanism of epoxidation of cyclohexenone with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6183-9. [PMID: 17608437 PMCID: PMC2465813 DOI: 10.1021/jo070777b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the epoxidation of 2-cyclohexen-1-one with tert-butyl hydroperoxide mediated by DBU was studied by a combination of experimental kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and theoretical calculations. A large 12C/13C (k(12C)/k(13C)) isotope effect of approximately equal to 1.032 was observed at the C3 (beta) position of cyclohexenone, while a much smaller 12C/13C isotope effect of 1.010 was observed at the C2 (alpha) position. Qualitatively, these results are indicative of nucleophilic addition to the enone being the rate-limiting step. Theoretical calculations support this interpretation. Transition structures for the addition step lead to predicted isotope effects that approximate the experimental values, while the predicted isotope effects for the ring-closure step are not consistent with the experimental values. The calculations correctly favor a rate-limiting addition step but suggest that the barriers for the addition and ring-closure steps are crudely similar in energy. The stereochemistry of these epoxidations is predicted to be governed by a preference for an initial axial addition, and the role of this preference in experimental diastereoselectivity observations is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad F Christian
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
|