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Keuter J, Hepp A, Massolle A, Neugebauer J, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Synthese und Reaktivität eines Neutralen Homozyklischen Silylens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Anja Massolle
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut und Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Corrensstraße 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
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2
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Xi HW, Bedoura S, Sk MA, Lim KH. Mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-silacyclobutenes: Strain energy, hyperconjugation and ring-opening reaction. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Schwedtmann K, Quest M, Guddorf BJ, Keuter J, Hepp A, Feldt M, Droste J, Hansen MR, Lips F. Reactivity of the Bicyclic Amido-Substituted Silicon(I) Ring Compound Si 4 {N(SiMe 3 )Mes} 4 with FLP-Type Character. Chemistry 2021; 27:17361-17368. [PMID: 34636454 PMCID: PMC9297995 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The bicyclic amido‐substituted silicon(I) ring compound Si4{N(SiMe3)Mes}42 (Mes=Mesityl=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) features enhanced zwitterionic character and different reactivity from the analogous compound Si4{N(SiMe3)Dipp}41 (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) due to the smaller mesityl substituents. In a reaction with the N‐heterocyclic carbene NHCMe4
(1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene), we observe adduct formation to give Si4{N(SiMe3)Mes}4 ⋅ NHCMe4
(3). This adduct reacts further with the Lewis acid BH3 to yield the Lewis acid–base complex Si4{N(SiMe3)Mes}4 ⋅ NHCMe4
⋅ BH3 (4). Coordination of AlBr3 to 2 leads to the adduct 5. Calculated proton affinities and fluoride ion affinities reveal highly Lewis basic and very weak Lewis acidic character of the low‐valent silicon atoms in 1 and 2. This is confirmed by protonation of 1 and 2 with Brookharts acid yielding 6 and 7. Reaction with diphenylacetylene only occurs at 111 °C with 2 in toluene and is accompanied by fragmentation of 2 to afford the silacyclopropene 8 and the trisilanorbornadiene species 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schwedtmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Quest
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt J Guddorf
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Milica Feldt
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörn Droste
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Keuter J, Hepp A, Massolle A, Neugebauer J, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Neutral Homocyclic Silylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114485. [PMID: 34797603 PMCID: PMC9299817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of the neutral homocyclic silylene 2 is possible via amine ligand abstraction with potassium graphite (KC8) and subsequent reaction with SiMe3Cl from a bicyclic silicon(I) amide J. This reaction proceeds via an anionic homoaromatic silicon ring compound 1 as an intermediate. The twofold‐coordinated silicon atom in the homocyclic silylene 2 is stabilized by an allyl‐type π‐electron delocalization. 2 reacts in an oxidative addition with two equivalents of MeOH and in cycloadditions with ethene, phenylacetylene, diphenylacetylene and with 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene to afford novel functionalized ring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Massolle
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Hayashi N, Ujihara T, Ikeda H. Contrasting roles of bond orbital interactions contributing to conformational stabilities of flavan-3-ol structures. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Song S, Hyodo T, Ikeda H, Vu KAL, Tang Y, Chan ES, Otani Y, Inagaki S, Yamaguchi K, Ohwada T. Contribution of Solvents to Geometrical Preference in the Z/ E Equilibrium of N-Phenylthioacetamide. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1641-1660. [PMID: 34082529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the Z/E preference of N-phenylthioacetamide (thioacetanilide) derivatives in various solvents by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, as well as molecular dynamics (MD) and other computational analyses. Our experimental results indicate that the Z/E isomer preference of secondary (NH)thioamides of N-phenylthioacetamides shows substantial solvent dependency, whereas the corresponding amides do not show solvent dependency of the Z/E isomer ratios. Detailed study of the solvent effects based on molecular dynamics simulations revealed that there are two main modes of hydrogen (H)-bond formation between solvent and (NH)thioacetamide, which influence the Z/E isomer preference of (NH)thioamides. DFT calculations of NH-thioamide in the presence of one or two explicit solvent molecules in the continuum solvent model can effectively mimic the solvation by multiple solvent molecules surrounding the thioamide in MD simulations and shed light on the precise nature of the interactions between thioamide and solvent. Orbital interaction analysis showed that, counterintuitively, the Z/E preference of NH-thioacetamides is mainly determined by steric repulsion, while that of sterically congested N-methylthioacetamides is mainly determined by thioamide conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Song
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kim Anh L Vu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Yulan Tang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Erika S Chan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Interpretation of anomeric effect in 2-hydroxytetrahydropyrans based on extensive bond interactions. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Hayashi N, Ujihara T, Ikeda H. Effect of bond orbital interactions on the conformational stabilities of 1,2-difluoroethane and 2,3-difluorobutanes. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Takahashi Y, Ikeda H, Kanase Y, Makino K, Tabata H, Oshitari T, Inagaki S, Otani Y, Natsugari H, Takahashi H, Ohwada T. Elucidation of the E-Amide Preference of N-Acyl Azoles. J Org Chem 2018; 82:11370-11382. [PMID: 28968504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conformational properties of N-acyl azoles (imidazole, pyrazole, and triazole) were examined. The N-2',4',6'-trichlorobenzoyl azoles were stable in methanol at room temperature, and no hydrolyzed products were observed over 7 days in the presence of 5% trifluoroacetic acid or 5% triethylamine in CDCl3. The high stability may be explained by the double-bond amide character caused by the steric hindrance due to the ortho-substituents in the benzoyl group. While specific E-amide preferences were observed in N-acyl pyrazoles/triazoles, the amides of the imidazoles gave a mixture of E and Z. One of the conceivable ideas to rationalize this conformational preference may be repulsive interaction between two sets of lone-pair electrons on the pyrazole 2-nitrogen (nN) and the carbonyl oxygen atoms (nO) in the Z-conformation of N-acyl pyrazoles/triazoles. However, analysis of orbital interactions suggested that in the case of the E-conformation of N-acyl pyrazoles, such electron repulsion is small because of distance. The interbond energy calculations suggested that the Z-conformer is involved in strong vicinal σ-σ repulsion along the amide linkage between the σN1N2 and σC1C2 orbitals in the anti-periplanar arrangement and between the σN1C5 and σC1C2 orbitals in the syn-periplanar arrangement, which lead to the overwhelming E-preference in N-acyl pyrazoles/triazoles. In the case of N-acyl imidazoles, similar vicinal σ-σ repulsions were counterbalanced, leading to a weak preference for the E-conformer over the Z-conformer. The chemically stable and E-preferring N-acyl azoles may be utilized as scaffolds in future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanase
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kosho Makino
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tetsuta Oshitari
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University , 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Hayashi N, Ujihara T, Ikeda H. Effect of Orbital Interactions between Vicinal Bonds and between Hydroxy Groups on the Conformational Stabilities of 1,2-Ethanediol and 2,3-Butanediols. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8484-8494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hayashi
- Food
Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ujihara
- Food
Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ikeda
- Materials
Science Department, MOLSIS Inc., 1-28-38 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan
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11
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Li H, Garner MH, Shangguan Z, Zheng Q, Su TA, Neupane M, Li P, Velian A, Steigerwald ML, Xiao S, Nuckolls C, Solomon GC, Venkataraman L. Conformations of cyclopentasilane stereoisomers control molecular junction conductance. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5657-5662. [PMID: 30034703 PMCID: PMC6022008 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01360k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we examine the impact of ring conformation on the charge transport characteristics of cyclic pentasilane structures bound to gold electrodes in single molecule junctions. We investigate the conductance properties of alkylated cyclopentasilane cis and trans stereoisomers substituted in the 1,3-position with methylthiomethyl electrode binding groups using both the scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction technique and density functional theory based ab initio calculations. In contrast with the linear ones, these cyclic silanes yield lower conductance values; calculations reveal that the constrained dihedral geometries occurring within the ring are suboptimal for σ-orbital delocalization, and therefore, conductance. Theoretical calculations reproduce the measured conductance trends for both cis and trans isomers and find several distinct conformations that are likely to form stable molecular junctions at room temperature. Due to the weakened σ-conjugation in the molecule, through-space interactions are found to contribute significantly to the conductance. This manuscript details the vast conformational flexibility in cyclopentasilanes and the tremendous impact it has on controlling conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York 10027 , USA .
| | - Marc H Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark .
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China .
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China .
| | - Timothy A Su
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York 10027 , USA .
| | - Madhav Neupane
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York 10027 , USA .
| | - Panpan Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China .
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York 10027 , USA .
| | | | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China .
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials , Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute , Department of Chemistry , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China .
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York 10027 , USA .
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark .
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York 10027 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York 10027 , USA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inagaki
- Dapartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan,
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Naruse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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15
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Naruse Y, Fukasawa S, Ota S, Deki A, Inagaki S. Geminal bond participation in the uncatalyzed Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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