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Burugupalli S, Richardson MB, Williams SJ. Total synthesis and mass spectrometric analysis of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatidylglycerol featuring a two-step synthesis of (R)-tuberculostearic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:7422-7429. [PMID: 28831486 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the total synthesis of (R)-tuberculostearic acid-containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The approach features a two-step synthesis of (R)-tuberculostearic acid, involving an (S)-citronellyl bromide linchpin, and the phosphoramidite-assisted assembly of the full PG structure. Collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry of two chemically-synthesized PG acyl regioisomers revealed diagnostic product ions formed by preferential loss of carboxylate at the secondary (sn-2) position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvika Burugupalli
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010.
| | - Mark B Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010.
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010.
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Inuki S, Ohta I, Ishibashi S, Takamatsu M, Fukase K, Fujimoto Y. Total Synthesis of Cardiolipins Containing Chiral Cyclopropane Fatty Acids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7832-7838. [PMID: 28682614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid located in both the eukaryotic mitochondrial inner membrane and the bacterial cell membrane. Some bacterial CLs are known to contain cyclopropane moieties in their acyl chains. Although the CLs are thought to be involved in the innate immune response, there have been few attempts at chemical synthesis of the CLs, and detailed studies of their biological activities are scarce. Thus, we have developed a synthetic route to CLs containing chiral cyclopropane moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ippei Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shunichi Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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Anderson RJ, Osborne SL, Meunier FA, Painter GF. Regioselective Approach to Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphates: Syntheses of the Native Phospholipid and Biotinylated Short-Chain Derivative. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3541-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100393c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regan J. Anderson
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Shona L. Osborne
- Molecular Dynamics of Synaptic Function Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Frederic A. Meunier
- Molecular Dynamics of Synaptic Function Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Team, Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Abe M, Kitsuda S, Ohyama S, Koubori S, Murai M, Miyoshi H. Concise procedure for the synthesis of cardiolipins having different fatty acid combinations. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lewis RNAH, McElhaney RN. The physicochemical properties of cardiolipin bilayers and cardiolipin-containing lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:2069-79. [PMID: 19328771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we summarize the current state of biophysical knowledge concerning the phase behavior and organization of cardiolipin (CL) and CL-containing phospholipid bilayer model membranes. We first briefly consider the occurrence and distribution of CL in biological membranes and its probable biological functions therein. We next consider the unique chemical structure of the CL molecule and how this structure may determine its distinctive physical properties. We then consider in some detail the thermotropic phase behavior and organization of CL and CL-containing lipid model membranes as revealed by a variety of biophysical techniques. We also attempt to relate the chemical properties of CL to its function in the biological membranes in which it occurs. Finally, we point out the requirement for additional biophysical studies of both lipid model and biological membranes in order to increase our currently limited understanding of the relationship between CL structure and physical properties and CL function in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthven N A H Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
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