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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Synthesis and Studies of Pyridoneimine-Functionalized PETIM Dendrimers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35929-35936. [PMID: 37810657 PMCID: PMC10552491 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinoimine-functionalized poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimers of 1-3 generations, possessing 4-16 moieties at the peripheries, are synthesized. Chloride-functionalized dendrimers are reacted with N-methylamino pyridine, under basic conditions, which led to functionalization of the peripheries of a dendrimer with pyridoneimine moieties. Variable-temperature 1H NMR studies are performed to assess the contributing resonance forms of pyridoneimine in the dendrimers. Solvatochromism and 15N NMR studies aid further the assessment of the contributing resonance forms. Comparison with derivatives that possess 1 and 2 pyridoneimines illustrates the contributing resonance forms between nonaromatic pyridoneimine and zwitter ionic aromatic imidopyridinium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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2
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Synthesis, dynamics and applications (cytotoxicity and biocompatibility) of dendrimers: a mini-review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Kunalan S, Dey K, Roy PK, Velachi V, Maiti PK, Palanivelu K, Jayaraman N. Efficient facilitated transport PETIM dendrimer-PVA-PEG/PTFE composite flat-bed membranes for selective removal of CO2. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Skwarecki AS, Nowak MG, Milewska MJ. Synthetic strategies in construction of organic macromolecular carrier-drug conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5764-5783. [PMID: 32677650 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many metabolic inhibitors, considered potential antimicrobial or anticancer drug candidates, exhibit very limited ability to cross the biological membranes of target cells. The restricted cellular penetration of those molecules is often due to their highhydrophilicity. One of the possible solutions to this problem is a conjugation of an inhibitor with a molecular organic nanocarrier. The conjugate thus formed should be able to penetrate the membrane(s) by direct translocation, endocytosis or active transport mechanisms and once internalized, the active component could reach its intracellular target, either after release from the conjugate or in an intact form. Several such nanocarriers have been proposed so far, including macromolecular systems, carbon nanotubes and dendrimers. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the current status of rational design and synthesis of macromolecular organic nanocarrier-drug conjugates, with special attention focused on the mode of coupling of a nanocarrier moiety with a "cargo" molecule through linking fragments of non-cleavable or cleavable type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Spencer AP, Torrado M, Custódio B, Silva-Reis SC, Santos SD, Leiro V, Pêgo AP. Breaking Barriers: Bioinspired Strategies for Targeted Neuronal Delivery to the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E192. [PMID: 32102252 PMCID: PMC7076453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders encompass a vast spectrum of pathological conditions and represent a growing concern worldwide. Despite the high social and clinical interest in trying to solve these pathologies, there are many challenges to bridge in order to achieve an effective therapy. One of the main obstacles to advancements in this field that has hampered many of the therapeutic strategies proposed to date is the presence of the CNS barriers that restrict the access to the brain. However, adequate brain biodistribution and neuronal cells specific accumulation in the targeted site also represent major hurdles to the attainment of a successful CNS treatment. Over the last few years, nanotechnology has taken a step forward towards the development of therapeutics in neurologic diseases and different approaches have been developed to surpass these obstacles. The versatility of the designed nanocarriers in terms of physical and chemical properties, and the possibility to functionalize them with specific moieties, have resulted in improved neurotargeted delivery profiles. With the concomitant progress in biology research, many of these strategies have been inspired by nature and have taken advantage of physiological processes to achieve brain delivery. Here, the different nanosystems and targeting moieties used to achieve a neuronal delivery reported in the open literature are comprehensively reviewed and critically discussed, with emphasis on the most recent bioinspired advances in the field. Finally, we express our view on the paramount challenges in targeted neuronal delivery that need to be overcome for these promising therapeutics to move from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Spencer
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Torrado
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Custódio
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Silva-Reis
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Santos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Pêgo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Lakshminarayanan A, Jayaraman N. Successive outermost-to-core shell directionality of the protonation of poly(propyl ether imine) dendritic gene delivery vectors. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The protonation behaviour of polycationic compounds has direct relevance to their ability to condense and deliver nucleic acids. This report pertains to a study of the protonation behaviour of polycationic poly(propyl ether imine) (PETIM) dendritic gene delivery vectors that are constituted with tertiary amine core moiety and branch sites, n-propyl ether linkages, and primary amine peripheries. The ability of this series of dendrimers to condense nucleic acids and mediate endosomal escape was studied by unravelling the protonation behaviour of the dendrimers aided by pH metric titrations and 1H and 15N NMR spectroscopies. The results demonstrate protonation of the primary and tertiary amines of outermost-to-core shells occurring in a successive stepwise fashion, in contrast to other polycationic vectors. Theoretical calculations based on the Ising model rationalize further the finer details of protonation at each shell. The protonation pattern correlates with the endosomal buffering and nucleic acid condensation properties of this PETIM-based dendritic gene delivery vectors. The study establishes that the protonation behaviour is a critical and essential parameter to assess the gene condensation and delivery vector properties of a polycationic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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7
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Wu LP, Ficker M, Christensen JB, Trohopoulos PN, Moghimi SM. Dendrimers in Medicine: Therapeutic Concepts and Pharmaceutical Challenges. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1198-211. [PMID: 25654320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are three-dimensional macromolecular structures originating from a central core molecule and surrounded by successive addition of branching layers (generation). These structures exhibit a high degree of molecular uniformity, narrow molecular weight distribution, tunable size and shape characteristics, as well as multivalency. Collectively, these physicochemical characteristics together with advancements in design of biodegradable backbones have conferred many applications to dendrimers in formulation science and nanopharmaceutical developments. These have included the use of dendrimers as pro-drugs and vehicles for solubilization, encapsulation, complexation, delivery, and site-specific targeting of small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals, and contrast agents. We briefly review these advances, paying particular attention to attributes that make dendrimers versatile for drug formulation as well as challenging issues surrounding the future development of dendrimer-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ping Wu
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mario Ficker
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørn B Christensen
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,∥NanoScience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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8
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Frampton MB, Jones TRB, Zelisko PM. Cyclotetrasiloxane frameworks for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of oligoesters. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14828b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipase-mediated synthesis of branched and polycyclic polyester systems based on a cyclotetrasiloxane core.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Frampton
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - T. R. B. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - P. M. Zelisko
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
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9
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Mandal T, Dasgupta C, Maiti PK. Nature of the effective interaction between dendrimers. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:144901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4897160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taraknath Mandal
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Chandan Dasgupta
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Prabal K. Maiti
- Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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11
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12
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Sharma A, König B, Jayaraman N. Photocatalytic disassembly of tertiary amine-based dendrimers to monomers and their application to the ‘catch and release’ of a dye in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalent bond disassembly of tertiary amine based dendrimers and their application to the ‘catch and release’ of a water-insoluble dye are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindra Sharma
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Interaction behaviour of trimesoyl chloride derived 1st tier dendrimers determined with structural and physicochemical properties required for drug designing. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Bagul RS, Rajesh YB, Jayamurugan G, Bera A, Sood A, Jayaraman N. Photophysical behavior of poly(propyl ether imine) dendrimer in the presence of nitroaromatic compounds. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Teo I, Toms SM, Marteyn B, Barata TS, Simpson P, Johnston KA, Schnupf P, Puhar A, Bell T, Tang C, Zloh M, Matthews S, Rendle PM, Sansonetti PJ, Shaunak S. Preventing acute gut wall damage in infectious diarrhoeas with glycosylated dendrimers. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:866-81. [PMID: 22887873 PMCID: PMC3491821 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal pathogens use the host's excessive inflammatory cytokine response, designed to eliminate dangerous bacteria, to disrupt epithelial gut wall integrity and promote their tissue invasion. We sought to develop a non-antibiotic-based approach to prevent this injury. Molecular docking studies suggested that glycosylated dendrimers block the TLR4-MD-2-LPS complex, and a 13.6 kDa polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer glucosamine (DG) reduced the induction of human monocyte interleukin (IL)-6 by Gram-negative bacteria. In a rabbit model of shigellosis, PAMAM-DG prevented epithelial gut wall damage and intestinal villous destruction, reduced local IL-6 and IL-8 expression, and minimized bacterial invasion. Computational modelling studies identified a 3.3 kDa polypropyletherimine (PETIM)-DG as the smallest likely bioactive molecule. In human monocytes, high purity PETIM-DG potently inhibited Shigella Lipid A-induced IL-6 expression. In rabbits, PETIM-DG prevented Shigella-induced epithelial gut wall damage, reduced local IL-6 and IL-8 expression, and minimized bacterial invasion. There was no change in β-defensin, IL-10, interferon-β, transforming growth factor-β, CD3 or FoxP3 expression. Small and orally delivered DG could be useful for preventing gut wall tissue damage in a wide spectrum of infectious diarrhoeal diseases. –>See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201201668
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teo
- Departments of Medicine, Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK
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Ionic conductivity of bis(2-cyanoethyl) ether-lithium salt and poly(propylether imine)-lithium salt liquid electrolytes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-9924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Maingi V, Jain V, Bharatam PV, Maiti PK. Dendrimer building toolkit: Model building and characterization of various dendrimer architectures. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1997-2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Bagul RS, Jayaraman N. Efficacies of multivalent vs monovalent poly(ether imine) dendritic catalysts within a generation in multiple C–C bond forming reactions. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Jayamurugan G, Vasu KS, Rajesh YBRD, Kumar S, Vasumathi V, Maiti PK, Sood AK, Jayaraman N. Interaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes with poly(propyl ether imine) dendrimers. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:104507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3561308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cheng Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Xu T. Design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy: current status and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2673-703. [PMID: 21286593 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, nanomedicine with its promise of improved therapy and diagnostics has revolutionized conventional health care and medical technology. Dendrimers and dendrimer-based therapeutics are outstanding candidates in this exciting field as more and more biological systems have benefited from these starburst molecules. Anticancer agents can be either encapsulated in or conjugated to dendrimer and be delivered to the tumour via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the nanoparticle and/or with the help of a targeting moiety such as antibody, peptides, vitamins, and hormones. Imaging agents including MRI contrast agents, radionuclide probes, computed tomography contrast agents, and fluorescent dyes are combined with the multifunctional nanomedicine for targeted therapy with simultaneous cancer diagnosis. However, an important question reported with dendrimer-based therapeutics as well as other nanomedicines to date is the long-term viability and biocompatibility of the nanotherapeutics. This critical review focuses on the design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The biocompatibility aspects of dendrimers such as nanotoxicity, long-term circulation, and degradation are discussed. The construction of novel dendrimers with biocompatible components, and the surface modification of commercially available dendrimers by PEGylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and amino acid functionalization have been proposed as available strategies to solve the safety problem of dendrimer-based nanotherapeutics. Also, exciting opportunities and challenges on the development of dendrimer-based nanoplatforms for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy are reviewed (404 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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Thankappan UP, Madhusudana SN, Desai A, Jayamurugan G, Rajesh YBRD, Jayaraman N. Dendritic Poly(ether imine) Based Gene Delivery Vector. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 22:115-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc1003108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
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Poly propyl ether imine (PETIM) dendrimer: A novel non-toxic dendrimer for sustained drug delivery. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4997-5005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lim J, Mintzer MA, Perez LM, Simanek EE. Synthesis of odd generation triazine dendrimers using a divergent, macromonomer approach. Org Lett 2010; 12:1148-51. [PMID: 20170155 PMCID: PMC3619618 DOI: 10.1021/ol902669g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a macromonomer, first, third, and fifth generation triazine dendrimers can be prepared using a divergent approach. The nine-step process to the fifth generation target relies on an iterative two-reactions-per-generation strategy to yield the desired material in approximately 48% overall yield. This target displays 96 surface groups. NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry show that exceptionally narrow polydispersity is achieved using this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa M. Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Its Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843
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Jayamurugan G, Jayaraman N. Increased Efficacies of an Individual Catalytic Site in Clustered Multivalent Dendritic Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Jayamurugan G, Umesh C, Jayaraman N. Preparation and catalytic studies of palladium nanoparticles stabilized by dendritic phosphine ligand-functionalized silica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Lukin O, Schubert D, Müller C, Corda M, Kandre R. Persulfonylation of Amines Applied to the Synthesis of Higher Generation Dendrimers. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3562-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800179m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lukin
- Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, HCI G 527, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, HCI G 527, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Müller
- Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, HCI G 527, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirza Corda
- Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, HCI G 527, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramchandra Kandre
- Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, HCI G 527, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Newkome GR, Shreiner CD. Poly(amidoamine), polypropylenimine, and related dendrimers and dendrons possessing different 1→2 branching motifs: An overview of the divergent procedures. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Jayamurugan G, Umesh CP, Jayaraman N. Inherent Photoluminescence Properties of Poly(propyl ether imine) Dendrimers. Org Lett 2007; 10:9-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702635w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Jayamurugan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - C. P. Umesh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - N. Jayaraman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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