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DeHaven BA, Liberatore HK, Greer A, Richardson SD, Shimizu LS. Probing the Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species by a Porous Self-Assembled Benzophenone Bis-Urea Host. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8290-8298. [PMID: 31459915 PMCID: PMC6648088 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we examine the photochemical formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a porous benzophenone-containing bis-urea host (1) to investigate the mechanism of photooxidations that occur within the confines of its nanochannels. UV irradiation of the self-assembled host in the presence of molecular oxygen generates both singlet oxygen and superoxide when suspended in solution. The efficiency of ROS generation by the host is lower than that of benzophenone (BP), which could be beneficial for reactions carried out catalytically, as ROS species react quickly and often unselectively. Superoxide formation was detected through reaction with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide in the presence of methanol. However, it is not detected in CHCl3, as it reacts rapidly with the solvent to generate methaneperoxy and chloride anions, similar to BP. The lifetime of airborne singlet oxygen (τΔairborne) was examined at the air-solid outer surface of the host and host·quencher complexes and suggests that quenching is a surface phenomenon. The efficiency of the host and BP as catalysts was compared for the photooxidation of 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene in solution. Both the host and BP mediate the photooxidation in CHCl3, benzene, and benzene-d 6, producing primarily epoxide-derived products with low selectivity likely by both type I and type II photooxidation processes. Interestingly, in CHCl3, two chlorohydrins were also formed, reflecting the formation of chloride in this solvent. In contrast, UV irradiation of the host·guest crystals in an oxygen atmosphere produced no epoxide and appeared to favor mainly the type II processes. Photolysis afforded high conversion to only three products: an enone, a tertiary allylic alcohol, and a diol, which demonstrates the accessibility of the encapsulated reactants to oxygen and the influence of confinement on the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baillie A. DeHaven
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Hannah K. Liberatore
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center
of City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Susan D. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Linda S. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Ville A, Viault G, Hélesbeux JJ, Guilet D, Richomme P, Séraphin D. Efficient Semi-Synthesis of Natural δ-( R)-Tocotrienols from a Renewable Vegetal Source. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:51-58. [PMID: 30629440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the biological potential of tocotrienols, a vitamin E subfamily. The major natural sources of tocotrienols are complex mixtures requiring particularly challenging purification processes. The present study describes efficient semi-synthetic strategies toward relevant δ-( R)-tocotrienol derivatives, using as a starting material δ-( R)-garcinoic acid, the major vitamin E derivative isolated from Garcinia kola nuts, a renewable vegetal source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Ville
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers , SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 bd Daviers , 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Guillaume Viault
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers , SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 bd Daviers , 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Hélesbeux
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers , SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 bd Daviers , 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - David Guilet
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers , SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 bd Daviers , 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers , SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 bd Daviers , 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Denis Séraphin
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers , SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 bd Daviers , 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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Gandhi H, O'Reilly K, Gupta MK, Horgan C, O'Leary EM, O'Sullivan TP. Advances in the synthesis of acyclic peroxides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28489b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarises the many developments in the synthesis of acyclic peroxides, with a particular focus on the past 20 years, and seeks to update organic chemists about these new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
| | - K. O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
| | - M. K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
| | - C. Horgan
- Department of Chemistry
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - E. M. O'Leary
- Department of Chemistry
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
| | - T. P. O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
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Malek B, Ghogare AA, Choudhury R, Greer A. Air-Water Interface Effects on the Regioselectivity of Singlet Oxygenations of a Trisubstituted Alkene. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:4505-4508. [PMID: 27092011 PMCID: PMC4832427 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective synthesis of allylic hydroperoxide sulfonates by singlet oxygenation at the air-water interface has been found to depend on the concentration of the alkene sulfonate and added calcium salt. The regioselectivity is proposed to originate from an orthogonal alkene relative to the water surface for preferential methyl hydrogen abstraction by airborne singlet oxygen in an ene reaction. The findings hint that the air-water interface is a locale for synthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belaid Malek
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, City University of New York–Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Ashwini A. Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, City University of New York–Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Rajib Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, City University of New York–Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, City University of New York–Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
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Choudhury R, Greer A. Synergism between airborne singlet oxygen and a trisubstituted olefin sulfonate for the inactivation of bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3599-3605. [PMID: 24611688 PMCID: PMC3993907 DOI: 10.1021/la404564k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of a trisubstituted alkene surfactant (8-methylnon-7-ene-1 sulfonate, 1) to airborne singlet oxygen in a solution containing E. coli was examined. Surfactant 1 was prepared by a Strecker-type reaction of 9-bromo-2-methylnon-2-ene with sodium sulfite. Submicellar concentrations of 1 were used that reacted with singlet oxygen by an "ene" reaction to yield two hydroperoxides (7-hydroperoxy-8-methylnon-8-ene-1 sulfonate and (E)-8-hydroperoxy-8-methylnon-6-ene-1 sulfonate) in a 4:1 ratio. Exchanging the H2O solution for D2O where the lifetime of solution-phase singlet oxygen increases by 20-fold led to an ∼2-fold increase in the yield of hydroperoxides pointing to surface activity of singlet oxygen with the surfactant in a partially solvated state. In this airborne singlet oxygen reaction, E. coli inactivation was monitored in the presence and absence of 1 and by a LIVE/DEAD cell permeabilization assay. It was shown that the surfactant has low dark toxicity with respect to the bacteria, but in the presence of airborne singlet oxygen, it produces a synergistic enhancement of the bacterial inactivation. How the ene-derived surfactant hydroperoxides can provoke (1)O2 toxicity and be of general utility is discussed.
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Yu T, Wu X, Yang J. A New Synthetic Method of (Z)-4-Aryl-but-2-en-1-ols via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction of 4-Substituted 1,2-Oxaborol-2(5H)-ols with Benzyl Bromides. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Griesbeck AG, Uhlig J, Sottmann T, Belkoura L, Strey R. Singlet Oxygen Photo-Oxygenation in Water/Pluronic F-127 Hydrogels: Increased Reaction Efficiency Coupled with a Switch in Regioselectivity. Chemistry 2012; 18:16161-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rajeev R, Sunoj RB. On the origin of regio- and stereoselectivity in singlet oxygen addition to enecarbamates. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2474-85. [PMID: 22324308 DOI: 10.1021/jo3001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of excited state singlet molecular oxygen ((1)Δ(g),(1)O(2)) continue to witness interesting new developments. In the most recent manifestation, (1)O(2) is tamed to react with enecarbamates in a stereoselective manner, which is remarkable, in view of its inherently high reactivity (Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 387). Herein, we employed the CAS-MP2(8,7)/6-31G* as well as the CAS-MP2(10,8)/6-31G* computations to unravel the origin of (i) diastereoselectivities in dioxetane or hydroperoxide formation and (ii) regioselectivity leading to a [2 + 2] cycloadduct or an ene product when (1)O(2) reacts with an oxazolidinone tethered 2-phenyl-1-propenyl system. The computed Gibbs free energy profiles for E- and Z-isomers when (1)O(2) approaches through the hindered and nonhindered diastereotopic faces (by virtue of chiral oxazolidinone) of the enecarbamates exhibit distinct differences. In the case of E-isomer, the relative energies of the transition structures responsible for hydroperoxide (ene product) are lower than that for dioxetane formation. On the other hand, the ene pathway is predicted to involve higher barriers as compared to the corresponding dioxetane pathway for Z-isomer. The energy difference between the rate-determining diastereomeric transition structures involved in the most favored ene reaction for E-enecarbamate suggests high diastereoselectivity. In contrast, the corresponding energy difference for Z-enecarbamate in the ene pathway is found to be diminishingly close, implying low diastereoselectivity. However, the dioxetane formation from Z-enecarbamate is predicted to exhibit high diastereoselectivity. The application of activation strain model as well as the differences in stereoelectronic effects in the stereocontrolling transition structures is found to be effective toward rationalizing the origin of selectivities reported herein. These predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanan Rajeev
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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