One-pot three-component reaction of isocyanides, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and phthalhydrazide: synthesis of highly functionalized 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling simulations of new phthalazine-1,4-dione derivatives as anti-Alzheimer's agents

The development of targeted phthalazine-1,4-dione acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for treating Alzheimer's disease involved the synthesis of 32 compounds via a multistage process. Various analytical techniques confirmed the compounds' identities. Thirteen compounds were found to inhibit AChE by more than 50% without affecting butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among these, three compounds, 8m, 8n, and 8p, exhibited extraordinary activity similar to donepezil, a reference AChE inhibitor. During enzyme kinetic studies, compound 8n, displaying the highest AChE inhibitory activity, underwent evaluation at three concentrations (2 × IC50, IC50, and IC50/2). Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated mixed inhibition activity for compound 8n against AChE, suggesting a combination of competitive and noncompetitive characteristics. Additionally, effective derivatives 8m, 8n, and 8p exhibited high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability assay tests. Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds bind to the enzyme's active site residues in a position similar to donepezil. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the protein-ligand system, and the chemical reactivity characteristics of the compounds were investigated using density functional theory. The compounds' wide energy gaps suggest stability and therapeutic potential. This research represents a significant step toward finding a potential cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, further research and testing are required to determine the compounds' safety and efficacy. The unique structure of phthalazine derivatives makes them suitable for various biological activities, and these compounds show promise for developing effective drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the development of these targeted compounds is a crucial advancement in the search for an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

In situ generation and protonation of the isocyanide/acetylene adduct: a powerful catalyst-free strategy for multicomponent synthesis of ketenimines, aza-dienes, and heterocycles

In addition to isocyanide-based Ugi, Passerini, van Leusen, and Orru multicomponent reactions, a new class of isocyanide/acetylene-based multicomponent reactions, using zwitterionic adducts, have emerged as powerful methods to synthesize biologically interesting molecules.

One-pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalised 1-tosylpyrazolidines

The reactive intermediate produced in the reaction between alkyl isocyanides and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates has been trapped by (4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl hydrazide to yield highly functionalised 1-tosylpyrazolidines in high yields.

Synthesis, Structure, and Anticancerous Properties of Silver Complexes

Although the “war on cancer” is now in its fourth decade and much progress has been made in categorizing the environmental causes and cellular and molecular biological basis for this dreaded disease, we still do not have a precise understanding of the differences between a cancer cell and its normal counterpart. The completion of the human genome sequence and its subsequent improvements in the sequence data are important steps to fully comprehend cancer cell biology. Ag(I) is being used as an anticancer agent in several human cancers. The anticancer activity of these complexes againstEhrlich’s ascitestumor cells (EACs) has been reported. The aim of the present study is to synthesize some new water soluble Ag(I) mixed ligand complexes containing nitrogen and sulfur base and to evaluate their biomedicinal properties. Mixed ligand complexes of Ag(I) metal derived from L-lysine and thiouracil with 2,2′-bipyridyl; 2-aminopyridine with thiouracil have been synthesized. The composition of the prepared complexes was discussed on the basis of microanalysis, FAB-mass, and FT-ir, measurements. Molecular weight was confirmed by FAB-mass spectra. The elemental analysis data suggest the stoichiometry to be M : L : L′ (1 : 1 : 1) ratio. These Ag(I) mixed ligand complexes showed excellent anticancer activity againstEhrlich’s ascitestumor cells (EACs).

Ultrasound-promoted one-pot, three-component synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine] derivatives

A series of 3'-aminospiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine]-2,5',10'-trione derivatives have been synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction of isatin, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by piperidine under ultrasound irradiation. For comparison the reactions were carried out under both conventional and ultrasonic conditions. In general, improvement in rates and yields were observed when the reactions were carried out under sonication compared with classical conditions.

Anti-tumor Activity of N [(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) Methylidene], N-[(E)-2-Phenylethylidene], N [(E,2E)-3-Phenyl-2-propenylidene], and N [(E)ethylidene] Isonicotinohydrazide on K562 and Jurkat Cell Lines

Using the water eliminated mechanism, reactions of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide and salicylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and formaldehyde afforded the corresponding N⁴[(E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] (NHPM), N⁴-[(E)-2-phenylethylidene] (NPI), N⁴[(E,2E)-3-phenyl-2-propenylidene] (NPPI), and N⁴[(E) ethylidene] (NEI) isonicotinohydrazide, in high yields, after several minutes, as reported. These new compounds have shown antitumor activity against two kinds of cancer cells, which are K562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia) and Jurkat (human T lymphocyte carcinoma).

One-Pot Three-Component Access to Pyranocyclopentendiones

An efficient synthesis of dialkyl 2-(alkylamino)-5,6-dioxo-4a,7-diphenyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-3,4-dicarboxylates from one-pot three-component reaction of the zwitterions generated from dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and alkyl isocyanides with 3,5-diphenylcyclopentane-1,2,4-trione is described.

Ultrasound-assisted one-pot, three-component synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones

Triethylamine was found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones by one-pot reaction of phthalhydrazide, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate in ethanol under ultrasonic irradiation. The advantages of this method are the use of an inexpensive and readily available catalyst, easy workup, improved yields, and the use of ethanol as a solvent that is considered to be relatively environmentally benign.

Antitumor activity of 6-(cyclohexylamino)-1, 3-dimethyl-5(2-pyridyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and Its Ti(IV), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Pd(II) complexes on K562 and Jurkat cell lines

(6-(cyclohexylamino)-1,3-dimethyl-5(2-pyridyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) abbreviated as CDP was synthesized and characterized. Ti(IV), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Pd(II) metal complexes of this ligand are prepared by the reaction of salts of Ti(IV), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Pd(II) with CDP in acetonitrile. Characterization of the ligand and its complexes was made by microanalyses, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. All complexes were characterized by several techniques using elemental analysis (C, H, N), FT-IR, electronic spectra, and molar conductance measurements. The elemental analysis data suggest the stoichiometry to be 1:1 [M:L] ratio formation. The molar conductance measurements reveal the presence of 1:1 electrolytic nature complexes. These new complexes showed excellent antitumor activity against two kinds of cancer cells that are K562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia) cells and Jurkat (human T lymphocyte carcinoma) cells.

Simple synthesis of 7H-phenaleno[1,2-b]furan-7-one derivatives by one-pot, three-component reactions

The reaction of alkyl isocyanides with various aldehydes and 3-hydroxy-1 H-phenalene-1-one is described. The protocol offers facile and efficient synthesis of biologically interesting 9-(alkyl or arylamino)-7 H-phenaleno[1,2- b]furan-7-one derivatives from readily available starting materials in high yields.