Synthesis of pseudopeptidic [(5H)-6-oxodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-5-yl]arylglycinamides by an Ugi 4CC/Staudinger/aza-Wittig sequence

Stefano Marcaccini: a pioneer in isocyanide chemistry

Stefano Marcaccini was one of the pioneers in the use of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions in organic synthesis. Throughout his career at the University of Florence he explored many different faces of isocyanide chemistry, especially those geared towards the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. His work inspired many researchers who contributed to other important developments in the field of multicomponent reactions and created a school of synthetic chemists that continues today. In this manuscript we intend to review the articles on isocyanide multicomponent reactions published by Dr. Marcaccini and analyse their influence on the following works by other researchers. With this, we hope to highlight the immense contribution of Stefano Marcaccini to the development of isocyanide chemistry and modern organic synthesis as well as the influence of his research on future generations. We believe that this review will not only be a well-deserved tribute to the figure of Stefano Marcaccini, but will also serve as a useful inspiration for chemists working in this field.

Synthetic strategies and diversification of dibenzo[1,5]diazocines

Dibenzo[1,5]diazocine scaffolds are present in a wide range of organic building blocks, for example in pharmaceuticals, materials and structural chemistry. However, the development of these structural frameworks has not received significant attention owing to limited synthetic protocols and strategies. Herein, a summary of the attractive synthetic approaches for the construction of dibenzo[1,5]diazocines, epiminodibenzo[1,5]diazocines and epoxydibenzo[1,5]diazocines developed over the past two decades is presented. The spectroscopic, synthetic mechanisms for the formation of the heterocyclic rings and remarkable structural features, including in the solid-state, are discussed.

Direct access to isoxazolino and isoxazolo benzazepines from 2-((hydroxyimino)methyl)benzoic acid via a post-Ugi heteroannulation

A diversity-oriented access to isoxazolino and isoxazolo benzazepines is elaborated via a post-Ugi heteroannulation involving intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides with alkenes and alkynes. This sequence offers an interesting multicomponent entry to a library of isoxazolino and isoxazolo benzazepines under mild reaction conditions in good to excellent yields.

Application of Thio-Ugi Adducts for the Preparation of Benzo[b]thiophene and S-Heterocycle Library via Copper Catalyzed Intramolecular C-S Bond Formation

Fused heterocycles, such as benzo[b]thiophene, thiochroman, benzo[b][1,4]thiazine, and 1,4-benzothiazepine were generated from thio-Ugi adducts containing a thioamide group through copper-catalyzed intramolecular C-S bond formation under microwave irradiation.

Synthesis of functionalized pseudopeptides through five-component sequential Ugi/nucleophilic reaction of N-substituted 2-alkynamides with hydrazides

Five-component sequential Ugi/nucleophilic addition reaction of aromatic aldehydes, primary amines, propiolic acid, isocyanides, and hydrazides has been developed in order to access polyfunctional pseudopeptides. The reaction may proceed through formation of N-substituted 2-alkynamides as intermediates. This process is found to be mild and operationally simple with broad substrate scope.

Unexpected synthesis of indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines by a sequential Ugi 4CC-Staudinger-aza-Wittig-nucleophilic addition reaction

A new sequential Ugi-Staudinger-aza-Wittig-nucleophilic addition reaction was developed to construct indolo[1,2-c]quinazoline derivatives, starting from the easily accessible 2-azidobenzaldehyde, carboxylic acid, 2-acylaniline and isocyanide. It is noteworthy that this is the first report of the cyclization of the Ugi adduct to give a dihydroindole ring system with two quaternary carbon centers, via the nucleophilic addition reaction of the methine group to the carbonyl group.

Novel and efficient one-pot five- and six-component reactions for the stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized enaminones and dithiocarbamates

Efficient methods for stereoselective synthesis of polyfunctional (E)-enaminones and (Z)-dithiocarbamates via one-pot five- and six-component sequential Ugi/Nucleophilic addition reactions are described. High yields and high bond forming efficiency, and simple operations are the advantages of this method.

Synthesis of benzodiazepine beta-turn mimetics by an Ugi 4CC/Staudinger/aza-Wittig sequence. Solving the conformational behavior of the Ugi 4CC adducts

5-Oxobenzo[e][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamides were synthesized by sequential Ugi reaction-Staudinger/aza-Wittig cyclization. The pseudopeptidic backbone of the new benzodiazepine derivatives superimposed well with type I, I', II, and II' beta-turn motifs. The intermediate Ugi adducts were characterized as two conformers of the enol form by the correlation between (1)H NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction structures of model compounds.