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Hernández-Lima J, Ramírez-Gualito K, Quiroz-García B, Silva-Portillo AL, Carrillo-Nava E, Cortés-Guzmán F. How solvent determines the molecular reactive conformation and the selectivity: Solvation spheres and energy. Front Chem 2022; 10:1012769. [PMID: 36247683 PMCID: PMC9557062 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1012769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In solution, the solvent determines the molecular conformation and the chemical reaction viability and selectivity. When solvent-solute and solvent-solvent interactions present similar strengths, explicit salvation is the best way to describe a system. The problem to solve is how big the explicit shell should be. In this paper, we want to answer one of the fundamental questions in the implementation of explicit solvation, exactly how many solvent molecules should be added and where they should be placed. Here we determine the first solvent sphere around a molecule and describe how it controls the conformation and selectivity of a selected reaction. NMR experiments were carried out to identify the number of solvent molecules around the solute that constitutes the first solvent sphere, and the interaction between this solvent sphere and the solute was detected using DFT and QTAIM calculations. A new approach to the solvation energy is presented. Finally, we established the role of solvent molecules in the conformation of the solute and in the transition states that produce the two possible products of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Ramírez-Gualito
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Cortés-Guzmán
- Instituto de Química, Unversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Fernando Cortés-Guzmán,
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2
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Tanino K, Yukutake Y, Hiramatsu T, Itoh R, Ikeuchi K, Suzuki T. Synthetic Studies toward Tubiferal A: Asymmetric Synthesis of a Model ABC-Ring Compound. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1697-7477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSynthetic studies on an ABC-ring model of tubiferal A, a triterpenoid isolated from the fruit bodies of the Tubifera dimorphotheca myxomycete, are described. The stereogenic centers at the angular positions were constructed through the stereoselective addition of a C-ring allylborane followed by an Eschenmoser–Claisen rearrangement reaction prior to the formation of the AB-ring system by a double intramolecular alkylation reaction of a dichloro nitrile intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Tanino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuki Yukutake
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Takahiro Hiramatsu
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Ryusei Itoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Kazutada Ikeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
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3
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Kumar CVS, Holyoke CW, Fleming FF. Diastereoselective Electrophile-Directed Alkylations. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb W. Holyoke
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; 32 South 32nd St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; 32 South 32nd St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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4
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Samala M, Lu TN, Mandava S, Hwang J, Bogonda G, Kim D, Park H, Kim D, Lee J. Stereoselective Protection-Free Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Chamuvarinin, a Potent Anticancer and Antitrypanosomal Agent: Substrate-Controlled Construction of the Adjacently Linked Oxatricyclic Core by Internal Alkylation. Org Lett 2018; 20:6398-6402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mallesham Samala
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Thien Nhan Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Mandava
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungjoong Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganganna Bogonda
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeil Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Deukjoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
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6
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Sadhukhan A, Hobbs MC, Meijer AJHM, Coldham I. Highly enantioselective metallation-substitution alpha to a chiral nitrile. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1436-1441. [PMID: 28616143 PMCID: PMC5460602 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the deprotonation of a chiral nitrile and reaction of the resulting chiral organometallic species with a variety of electrophiles to give highly enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted nitrile products. The nitrile was treated with TMPMgCl and the resulting anion, an asymmetric alpha cyano Grignard species, was found to be configurationally stable at low temperature for a short time (half-life several minutes at -104 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Melanie C Hobbs
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Anthony J H M Meijer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
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7
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Lu P, Pakkala VS, Evanseck JD, Fleming FF. Metalated nitriles: S Ni' cyclizations with a propargylic electrophile. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3216-3219. [PMID: 26120212 PMCID: PMC4480775 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A rare 5-exo-dig SNi' cyclization with magnesiated and lithiated nitriles affords a cis-fused hydrindane bearing an exocyclic allene. The cyclization of the dilithiated nitrile pits a stereoelectronic preference for a trans-hydrindane against a cyclization through a less strained transition structure to the corresponding cis-hydrindane. Computational modeling suggests that the dilithiated nitrile cyclizes to a cis-hydrindane because the preferred transition structure positions the lithium cation in a cone of electron density that bridges the nitrile-bearing carbon, an alkoxide, and an electron-rich alkyne functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530, USA
| | - Venkata S. Pakkala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Evanseck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530, USA
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530, USA
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8
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Sasaki M, Takegawa T, Sakamoto K, Kotomori Y, Otani Y, Ohwada T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Takeda K. Enantiodivergent Deprotonation/Acylation of α-Amino Nitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12956-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Sasaki M, Takegawa T, Sakamoto K, Kotomori Y, Otani Y, Ohwada T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Takeda K. Enantiodivergent Deprotonation/Acylation of α-Amino Nitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Fustero S, Herrera L, Lázaro R, Rodríguez E, Maestro MA, Mateu N, Barrio P. Base-dependent stereodivergent intramolecular aza-Michael reaction: asymmetric synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted isoindolines. Chemistry 2013; 19:11776-85. [PMID: 23852920 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic addition (A(N)) / intramolecular aza-Michael reaction (IMAMR) process on Ellman's tert-butylsulfinyl imines, bearing a Michael acceptor in the ortho position, is studied. This reaction affords 1,3-disubstituted isoindolines with a wide range of substituents in good yields and diastereoselectivities. Interestingly, careful choice of the base for the aza-Michael step allows either the cis or the trans diastereoisomers to be exclusively obtained. This stereodivergent cyclization has enabled the synthesis of C2-symmetric bisacetate-substituted isoindolines. In addition, bisacetate isoindolines bearing two well-differentiated ester moieties are also noteworthy because they may allow for the orthogonal synthesis of β,β'-dipeptides using a single nitrogen atom as a linchpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Lujan-Montelongo JA, Lu P, Liu W, Fleming FF. Metalated nitriles: S(N)i and S(N)i' installation of contiguous quaternary-tertiary and quaternary-quaternary centers. Chemistry 2013; 19:8746-50. [PMID: 23686860 PMCID: PMC3826919 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530 (USA)
| | - Wang Liu
- Chemical Abstracts Service, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH 43202 (USA)
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530 (USA)
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12
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Barker G, Alshawish MR, Skilbeck MC, Coldham I. Remarkable Configurational Stability of Magnesiated Nitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Barker G, Alshawish MR, Skilbeck MC, Coldham I. Remarkable Configurational Stability of Magnesiated Nitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7700-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Kim MJ, Sohn TI, Kim D, Paton RS. Concise Substrate-Controlled Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Dioxabicyclic Marine Natural Products with 2,10-Dioxabicyclo-[7.3.0]dodecene and 2,9-Dioxabicyclo[6.3.0]undecene Skeletons. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310249u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kim
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Te-ik Sohn
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Deukjoon Kim
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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15
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Vyas Devambatla RK, Velagaleti R, Yarravarapu N, Fleming FF. SNi′ displacements with main group organometallics. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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17
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Jeong W, Kim MJ, Kim H, Kim S, Kim D, Shin KJ. Substrate-controlled asymmetric total synthesis and structure revision of (+)-itomanallene A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:752-6. [PMID: 20029867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjang Jeong
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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18
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Jeong W, Kim M, Kim H, Kim S, Kim D, Shin K. Substrate-Controlled Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of (+)-Itomanallene A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Gustavo Ávila-Zárraga J, Vázquez-Sánchez A, Armando Luján-Montelongo J. Regio and Stereo Selectivity on the α-Aryl-δ-epoxynitrile Anionic Cyclization Reactions: Modulation towards a 5-Endo or 4-Exo Process. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-11669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Fleming FF, Gudipati S. Cyclic Metalated Nitriles: Stereoselective Cyclizations to cis- and trans-Hydrindanes, Decalins, and Bicyclo[4.3.0]undecanes. European J Org Chem 2008; 2008:10.1002/ejoc.200800715. [PMID: 24260015 PMCID: PMC3831376 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metalated nitriles are nucleophilic chameleons whose precise identity is determined by the nature of the metal, the solvent, the temperature, and the structure of the nitrile. The review surveys the different structural types and their cyclization trajectories to show how to selectively tune the metalated nitrile geometry for stereoselective cyclizations to a variety of cis or trans hydrindanes, decalins, and bicyclo[4.3.0]undecanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser F. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mellon Hall, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh PA 15282-1530, USA
| | - Subramanyham Gudipati
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, N.J. 07033-0530, USA Fax: +1-908-740-7441
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