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Khartabil H, Doudet L, Allart-Simon I, Ponce-Vargas M, Gérard S, Hénon E. Mechanistic insights into Smiles rearrangement. Focus on π-π stacking interactions along the radical cascade. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6840-6848. [PMID: 32845268 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new arene and heteroarene scaffolds of therapeutic interest has generated a renewed interest in the domino radical cyclisation-Smiles. In this work we present a detailed mechanistic investigation of the radical version of a cascade involving a desulfonative Smiles rearrangement on an aromatic ring bearing a sulfonamide linker. Competing routes have been explored to characterize the molecular mechanism of the studied reaction. The knowledge gained from previous experimental observations is explained through the energy profile obtained by means of quantum mechanical calculations. This study answers questions about the rate determining step and the type of mechanism involved (two-step or concerted). Supplementary rate constant calculations as well as quantum molecular dynamics support experimental observations. An IGM-δg analysis performed along the reaction path unveils and quantifies an intramolecular π-π stacking interaction accelerating the reaction. This novel post processing IGM-δg tool based on the electron density, turns out to be useful to monitor and quantify specific intramolecular weak interactions along a reaction path from wave functions. From this mechanistic investigation it turns out that Smiles rearrangement here takes place in two steps rather than in a direct intramolecular radical substitution. Furthermore, we show that chain length effects must be taken into account in the functionalization of new sulfonylated derivatives subjected to this radical cascade, given their influence in the reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khartabil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse 51687, Reims Cedex 02 BP39, France.
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2
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Allart-Simon I, Gérard S, Sapi J. Radical Smiles Rearrangement: An Update. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070878. [PMID: 27399654 PMCID: PMC6273782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the decades the Smiles rearrangement and its variants have become essential synthetic tools in modern synthetic organic chemistry. In this mini-review we summarized some very recent results of the radical version of these rearrangements. The selected examples illustrate the synthetic power of this approach, especially if it is incorporated into a domino process, for the preparation of polyfunctionalized complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Allart-Simon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Gérard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - Janos Sapi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51096 Reims Cedex, France.
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3
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Xiang J, Zhang Z, Mu Y, Xu X, Guo S, Liu Y, Russo DP, Zhu H, Yan B, Bai X. Discovery of Novel Tricyclic Thiazepine Derivatives as Anti-Drug-Resistant Cancer Agents by Combining Diversity-Oriented Synthesis and Converging Screening Approach. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:230-5. [PMID: 27082930 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient discovery strategy by combining diversity-oriented synthesis and converging cellular screening is described. By a three-round screening process, we identified novel tricyclic pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzothiazepines showing potent inhibitory activity against paclitaxel-resistant cell line H460TaxR (EC50 < 1.0 μM), which exhibits much less toxicity toward normal cells (EC50 > 100 μM against normal human fibroblasts). The most active hits also exhibited drug-like properties suitable for further preclinical research. This redeployment of antidepressing compounds for anticancer applications provides promising future prospects for treating drug-resistant tumors with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xiang
- The
Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- The
Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Mu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- The
Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Sigen Guo
- The
Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yongjin Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Daniel P. Russo
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
| | - Hao Zhu
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
| | - Bing Yan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- The
Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
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Xiang J, Leung C, Zhang Z, Hu C, Geng C, Liu L, Yi L, Li Z, Berenson J, Bai X. Synthesis and Evaluation of 2-Alkylthio-4-(N-substituted sulfonamide)pyrimidine Hydroxamic Acids as Anti-myeloma Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:472-7. [PMID: 26518472 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Crystal Leung
- Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research; 9201 West Sunset Blvd, Suite 300 West Hollywood CA 90069 USA
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Cassie Hu
- Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research; 9201 West Sunset Blvd, Suite 300 West Hollywood CA 90069 USA
| | - Chao Geng
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Lili Liu
- Changchun Discovery Sciences, Ltd.; 750 Jinbi Street Changchun Jilin 130117 China
| | - Lang Yi
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - James Berenson
- Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research; 9201 West Sunset Blvd, Suite 300 West Hollywood CA 90069 USA
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery; The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 1266 Fujin Road Changchun Jilin 130021 China
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Liu S, Zhu S, Wu Y, Gao J, Qian P, Hu Y, Shi L, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhang Y. One-Pot Synthesis ofN-Aryl-Nicotinamides and Diarylamines Based on a Tunable Smiles Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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An efficient cascade approach to dibenzoxazepinones via nucleophilic aromatic substitution and Smiles rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pudlo M, Allart-Simon I, Tinant B, Gérard S, Sapi J. First domino radical cyclisation/Smiles rearrangement combination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2442-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc15670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xiao Z, Lei M, Hu L. An unexpected multi-component reaction to synthesis of 3-(5-amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-arylpropanoic acids in ionic liquid. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Huang A, Liu F, Zhan C, Liu Y, Ma C. One-pot synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7351-7. [PMID: 21894335 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05936j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal-free process for the regioselective synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines under mild conditions in one-pot is described. The reaction afforded a variety of products in good to excellent yields. Indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines were also synthesized from indole-2-carboxamides under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P R China
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Synthesis of highly substituted 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones from 4,6-dichloro-5-formylpyrimidine, amines and aldehydes. Mol Divers 2011; 15:839-47. [PMID: 21509500 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A practical strategy was developed for the preparation of highly substituted 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones from 4,6-dichloro-5-formylpyrimidine, primary amines, and aldehydes. The key step for this synthesis entails a cyclization reaction involving an intramolecular amide addition to an iminium intermediate formed in situ from 4-amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 2 and aldehydes to form the pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine core with a strategically placed 5-Cl group for further derivatization. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated through the preparation of a 27-membered library of representative 2,3-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones in moderate to good yields.
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Xu C, Wang HY, Zhu FJ, Guo YL, Lu L. Studies of gas-phase reactions of cationic iron complexes of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzylamines by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:169-178. [PMID: 21154900 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-TSQ-MS) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) were used to investigate the interesting gas-phase reactions of the cationic iron (Fe) complexes of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzylamines (1-6), which are generated by ESI when mixing their methanolic solutions. Further studies of these Fe complexes by collision-induced dissociation (CID) show that Fe(III) complexes undergo an interesting gas-phase single electron transfer (SET) reaction to give 1(•+) -6(•+) ,with loss of neutral FeCl(2) , whereas Fe(II) can catalyze gas-phase Smiles rearrangement reactions of compounds 1-6. By using different Fe(II)X(2) salts (X = Cl or Br) with a set of reactants, the role of the counterion (X(-) ) and the structure effect of the reactants on Fe(II)-catalyzed gas-phase Smiles rearrangement reactions are studied. Evidence obtained from by TSQ-MS and FTICR-MS experiments, hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments and theoretical computations supported some unique gas-phase chemistries initiated by introduction of Fe(II) into 1. Importantly, by comparing the distinct gas-phase reaction results of the cationic Fe(III) complexes with those of Fe(II) complexes, the charge state effects of iron on the gas-phase chemistries of Fe complexes are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xu
- Shanghai Mass Spectrometry Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Wang H, Xu C, Zhang L, Tang Q, Guo Y, Lu L. Investigation of coordination of Mg(II) cations to 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzylamines by electrospray mass spectrometry: insights for Mg(II) catalyzed Smiles rearrangement reactions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2011; 17:145-157. [PMID: 21719923 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The CH(3)OH solutions of pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzylamines (1-5) in the presence of Mg(II)X(2) salts (X = Cl or ClO(4)) were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) subsequently, showing that the cationic Mg(II) complexes 1-5·MgX(+) were important active complexes or intermediates for initiating interesting Smiles rearrangement reactions in both the gas and solution phases. By using different MgX(2) salts and selecting a set of reactants with different substitutes, the role of the counter-ion (X(-)) and the structure effect of the reactants on the Mg(II) catalyzed Smiles rearrangement reactions were studied. Moreover, the solvent effect on Mg(II) catalyzed Smiles rearrangement reactions was revealed by studying the CH(3)OH adduct complexes of 1-5·MgCl(+), which showed that the coordination of CH(3)OH to the Mg(II) center in the complexes decreased the reaction tendency. The mechanisms involved in the gas-phase Mg(II) catalyzed Smiles rearrangement reactions were proposed on the basis of MS/MS experiments and theoretical computations, showing some unique chemistries initiated by introducing Mg(II) into the template molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Wang
- Shanghai Mass Spectrometry Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Xiang J, Zhu T, Dang Q, Bai X. Stereochemistry as a Tool in Deciphering the Processes of a Tandem Iminium Cyclization and Smiles Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8147-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101798p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Qun Dang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
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Xiang J, Zheng L, Zhu T, Dang Q, Bai X. Synthesis of novel tricyclic 4-chloro-7,8,10,11-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[e]pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-9(6H)-ones. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gas-phase Smiles rearrangement in structural analysis of a pseudo-oxidative impurity generated in the pharmaceutical synthesis of S-(thiobenzoyl)thioglycolic acid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:577-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang T, Nibbering NMM, Bowie JH. The gas phase Smiles rearrangement of anions PhO(CH2)nO− (n = 2–4). A joint theoretical and experimental approach. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4080-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maclean MJ, Walker S, Wang T, Eichinger PCH, Sherman PJ, Bowie JH. Diagnostic fragmentations of adducts formed between carbanions and carbon disulfide in the gas phase. A joint experimental and theoretical study. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:371-7. [PMID: 20066272 DOI: 10.1039/b916477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Selected carbanions react with carbon disulfide in a modified LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer to form adducts, which when collisionally activated, decompose by processes which in some cases identify the structures of the original carbanions. For example (i) C(6)H(5)(-) + CS(2)--> C(6)H(5)CS(2)(-)--> C(6)H(5)S(-) + CS, occurs through a 3-membered ring ipso transition state, and (ii) the reaction between C(6)H(5)CH(2)(-) and CS(2) gives an adduct which loses H(2)S, whereas the adduct(s) formed between o-CH(3)C(6)H(5)(-) and CS(2) loses H(2)S and CS. Finally, it is shown that decarboxylation of C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)(-) produces the beta-phenylethyl anion (PhCH(2)CH(2)(-)), and that this thermalized anion reacts with CS(2) to form C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH(2)CS(2)(-) which when energized fragments specifically by the process C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH(2)CS(2)(-)--> C(6)H(5)CH(2)(-)CHC(S)SH --> [(C(6)H(5)CH(2)CH[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]S) (-)SH] --> C(6)H(5)CH(2)CCS(-) + H(2)S. Experimental findings of processes (ii) and (iii) were aided by deuterium labelling studies, and all reaction profiles were studied by theoretical calculations at the UCCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory unless indicated to the contrary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal J Maclean
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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