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Turhanen PA. Synthesis of the biologically important dideuterium-labelled adenosine triphosphate analogue ApppI( d2). Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1466-1470. [PMID: 36300010 PMCID: PMC9577381 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of the dideuterium-labelled ATP analogue 1-adenosin-5’-yl-3-(3-methylbut-3-en-1,1-d2-1-ol) triphosphoric acid diester (ApppI(d2)) is described. ApppI has been reported to be an important mevalonate pathway metabolite, induced by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates used for the treatment of several diseases related to the calcium metabolism, of which osteoporosis is the most well-known. The availability of ApppI(d2) opens possibilities to quantitative measurements of ApppI in biological samples by mass spectrometry. The synthesized target compound ApppI(d2) was purified by high-performance counter current chromatography and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri A Turhanen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Chang TC, Pradipta AR, Tanaka K. Enantioselective synthesis of cyclic and linear diamines by imine cycloadditions. Chirality 2020; 32:1160-1168. [PMID: 32621328 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Imine is one of the most versatile functional groups in chemistry and biochemistry fields. Although many biochemical reactions involve imine formation, the inherently unstable property of N-alkyl-α,β-unsaturated imines still hindered their utilization in organic synthesis. In this article, we described that the N-alkyl-α,β-unsaturated imines, which prepared from alkylamines and acrolein, could smoothly react through [4 + 4] cycloaddition to give eight-membered diazacyclooctane derivatives in excellent yields. Under a similar condition, in the presence of formaldehyde, the [4 + 2] and [4 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions could lead to the formation of six-membered hexahydropyrimidine or eight-membered triazacyclooctanes, depending on the substituent of aldehydes. Moreover, an easy functional group manipulation of the cyclic products obtained from these cycloadditions can provide variously substituted chiral linear diamines. We can utilize these novel reactivities to reveal the unknown and essential properties of many biological processes that involve N-alkyl-unsaturated imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Che Chang
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ambara R Pradipta
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.,School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.,School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory, RIKEN baton Zone Program, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Ucal S, Häkkinen MR, Alanne AL, Alhonen L, Vepsäläinen J, Keinänen TA, Hyvönen MT. Controlling of N-alkylpolyamine analogue metabolism by selective deuteration. Biochem J 2018; 475:663-676. [PMID: 29301981 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Replacing protium with deuterium is an efficient method to modulate drug metabolism. N-alkylated polyamine analogues are polyamine antimetabolites with proven anticancer efficacy. We have characterized earlier the preferred metabolic routes of N1,N12-diethylspermine (DESpm), N1-benzyl-N12-ethylspermine (BnEtSpm) and N1,N12-dibenzylspermine (DBSpm) by human recombinant spermine oxidase (SMOX) and acetylpolyamine oxidase (APAO). Here, we studied the above analogues, their variably deuterated counterparts and their metabolites as substrates and inhibitors of APAO, SMOX, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), diamine oxidase (DAO) and monoamine oxidases. We found that targeted deuteration efficiently redirected the preferable cleavage site and suppressed reaction rate by APAO and SMOX in vitro We found a three- to six-fold decline in Vmax with moderate variable effect on Km when deuterium was located at the preferred hydrogen abstraction site of the analogue. We also found some of the metabolites to be potent inhibitors of DAO and SSAO. Surprisingly, analogue deuteration did not markedly alter the anti-proliferative efficacy of the drugs in DU145 prostate cancer cells, while in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which had higher basal APAO and SMOX activities, moderate effect was observed. Interestingly, the anti-proliferative efficacy of the analogues did not correlate with their ability to suppress polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, induce spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase or deplete intracellular polyamine levels, but correlated with their ability to induce SMOX. Our data show that selective deuteration of N-alkyl polyamine analogues enables metabolic switching, offering the means for selective generation of bioactive metabolites inhibiting, e.g. SSAO and DAO, thus setting a novel basis for in vivo studies of this class of analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebahat Ucal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, Yliopistonranta 1B, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja R Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, Yliopistonranta 1B, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Liisa Alanne
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, Yliopistonranta 1B, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Alhonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, Yliopistonranta 1B, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, Yliopistonranta 1B, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo A Keinänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, Yliopistonranta 1B, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi T Hyvönen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Biocenter Kuopio, Yliopistonranta 1B, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Pradipta AR, Tanaka K. Unexplored Reactivity of N-Alkyl Unsaturated Imines: A Simple Procedure for Producing Optically Active 1,3-Diamines via a Stereocontrolled Formal [4+2] and [4+2+2] Iminocycloaddition. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University
- JST PRESTO
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Pradipta AR, Tsutsui A, Tanaka K. Unrecognized Reactivity of N-Alkyl Unsaturated Imines: Synthetic Application and Biological Functions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Häkkinen MR, Roine A, Auriola S, Tuokko A, Veskimäe E, Keinänen TA, Lehtimäki T, Oksala N, Vepsäläinen J. Analysis of free, mono- and diacetylated polyamines from human urine by LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 941:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ho C, Lee WO, Wong YT. Determination of N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine in bovine muscle by liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1235:103-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cerrada-Gimenez M, Häkkinen MR, Vepsäläinen J, Auriola S, Alhonen L, Keinänen TA. Polyamine flux analysis by determination of heavy isotope incorporation from 13C, 15N-enriched amino acids into polyamines by LC–MS/MS. Amino Acids 2011; 42:451-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
This chapter describes a protocol to analyze polyamines without any derivatization steps utilizing LC-MS/MS. Polyamines are separated by reversed phase LC prior MS analysis using heptafluorobutyric acid as MS compatible volatile ion-pairing agent, and selective and sensitive MS detection is performed using MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja R Häkkinen
- Department of Biosciences, Laboratory of Chemistry, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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Weisell J, Hyvönen MT, Häkkinen MR, Grigorenko NA, Pietilä M, Lampinen A, Kochetkov SN, Alhonen L, Vepsäläinen J, Keinänen TA, Khomutov AR. Synthesis and biological characterization of novel charge-deficient spermine analogues. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5738-48. [PMID: 20684609 DOI: 10.1021/jm100439p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines, spermidine and spermine, are positively charged at physiological pH. They are present in all cells and essential for their growth and viability. Here we synthesized three novel derivatives of the isosteric charge-deficient spermine analogue 1,12-diamino-3,6,9-triazadodecane (SpmTrien, 5a) that are N(1)-Ac-SpmTrien (5c), N(12)-Ac-SpmTrien (5b), and N(1),N(12)-diethyl-1,12-diamino-3,6,9-triazadodecane (N(1),N(12)-Et(2)-SpmTrien, 5d). 5a and 5d readily accumulated in DU145 cells at the same concentration range as natural polyamines and moderately competed for the uptake with putrescine (1) but not with spermine (4a) or spermidine (2). 5a efficiently down-regulated ornithine decarboxylase and decreased polyamine levels, while 5d proved to be inefficient, compared with N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine (6). None of the tested analogues were substrates for human recombinant spermine oxidase, but those having free aminoterminus, including 1,8-diamino-3,6-diazaoctane (Trien, 3a), were acetylated by mouse recombinant spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase. 5a was acetylated to 5c and 5b, and the latter was further metabolized by acetylpolyamine oxidase to 3a, a drug used to treat Wilson's disease. Thus, 5a is a bioactive precursor of 3a with enhanced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Weisell
- Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Häkkinen MR, Hyvönen MT, Auriola S, Casero RA, Vepsäläinen J, Khomutov AR, Alhonen L, Keinänen TA. Metabolism of N-alkylated spermine analogues by polyamine and spermine oxidases. Amino Acids 2010; 38:369-81. [PMID: 20012116 PMCID: PMC2992990 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
N-alkylated polyamine analogues have potential as anticancer and antiparasitic drugs. However, their metabolism in the host has remained incompletely defined thus potentially limiting their utility. Here, we have studied the degradation of three different spermine analogues N,N'-bis-(3-ethylaminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine (DESPM), N-(3-benzyl-aminopropyl)-N'-(3-ethylaminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine (BnEtSPM) and N,N'-bis-(3-benzylaminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine (DBSPM) and related mono-alkylated derivatives as substrates of recombinant human polyamine oxidase (APAO) and spermine oxidase (SMO). APAO and SMO metabolized DESPM to EtSPD [K(m(APAO)) = 10 microM, k(cat(APAO)) = 1.1 s(-1) and K(m(SMO)) = 28 microM, k(cat(SMO)) = 0.8 s(-1), respectively], metabolized BnEtSPM to EtSPD [K(m(APAO)) = 0.9 microM, k(cat(APAO)) = 1.1 s(-1) and K(m(SMO)) = 51 microM, k(cat(SMO)) = 0.4 s(-1), respectively], and metabolized DBSPM to BnSPD [K(m(APAO)) = 5.4 microM, k(cat(APAO)) = 2.0 s(-1) and K(m(SMO)) = 33 microM, k(cat(SMO)) = 0.3 s(-1), respectively]. Interestingly, mono-alkylated spermine derivatives were metabolized by APAO and SMO to SPD [EtSPM K(m(APAO)) = 16 microM, k(cat(APAO)) = 1.5 s(-1); K(m(SMO)) = 25 microM, k(cat(SMO)) = 8.2 s(-1); BnSPM K(m(APAO) )= 6.0 microM, k(cat(APAO)) = 2.8 s(-1); K(m(SMO)) = 19 muM, k(cat(SMO)) = 0.8 s(-1), respectively]. Surprisingly, EtSPD [K(m(APAO)) = 37 microM, k(cat(APAO)) = 0.1 s(-1); K(m(SMO)) = 48 microM, k(cat(SMO)) = 0.05 s(-1)] and BnSPD [K(m(APAO)) = 2.5 microM, k(cat(APAO)) = 3.5 s(-1); K(m(SMO)) = 60 microM, k(cat(SMO)) = 0.54 s(-1)] were metabolized to SPD by both the oxidases. Furthermore, we studied the degradation of DESPM, BnEtSPM or DBSPM in the DU145 prostate carcinoma cell line. The same major metabolites EtSPD and/or BnSPD were detected both in the culture medium and intracellularly after 48 h of culture. Moreover, EtSPM and BnSPM were detected from cell samples. Present data shows that inducible SMO parallel with APAO could play an important role in polyamine based drug action, i.e. degradation of parent drug and its metabolites, having significant impact on efficiency of these drugs, and hence for the development of novel N-alkylated polyamine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja R Häkkinen
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, P.O.Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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