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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Verma M, Thakur A, Kapil S, Sharma R, Sharma A, Bharti R. Antibacterial and antioxidant assay of novel heteroaryl-substituted methane derivatives synthesized via ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzed one-pot green approach. Mol Divers 2022; 27:889-900. [PMID: 35781657 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individually, hydroxycoumarin and amino pyrimidine derivatives are of significant biological interest owing to their importance in drugs and pharmaceuticals. To access their combined biological impact into one molecule, we designed a novel, one-pot green approach for synthesizing trisubstituted methanes. A series of new heteroaryl-substituted methanes have been synthesized and subjected to in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant evaluation. Tests against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus showed potent activity of the derivatives 4a, 4b, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4l, and 5 against the former, and 4a, 4e, 4j, and 4l against the later one. Further, antioxidant assay for these TRSMs was also studied where 4a, 4b, 4f, 4j, and 4l exhibited the most promising results. These preliminary bioassay evaluations strongly suggest the promise and scope of these molecules in medical science. A one pot methodology for the synthesis of coumarin and uracil tethered trisubstituted methanes has been reported. The synthesized derivatives were further analyzed for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties to explore their medicinal applications. The salient features of this methodology are operational simplicity, short reaction time, good to moderate yields of the products, easy purification method. Biochemical assay of the synthesized TRSMs a reveals their utility in medicinal & pharma industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Ajay Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Shikha Kapil
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Ruchi Bharti
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
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de Gonzalo G, Alcántara AR. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of β-Diketones. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101043. [PMID: 34681266 PMCID: PMC8541089 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from being one of the most important intermediates in chemical synthesis, broadly used in the formation of C-C bonds among other processes, the β-dicarbonyl structure is present in a huge number of biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds. In fact, mainly derived from the well-known antioxidant capability associated with the corresponding enol tautomer, β-diketones are valuable compounds in the treatment of many pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular and liver diseases, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, neurological disorders, inflammation, skin diseases, fibrosis, or arthritis; therefore, the synthesis of these structures is an area of overwhelming interest for organic chemists. This paper is devoted to the advances achieved in the last ten years for the preparation of 1,3-diketones, using different chemical (Claisen, hydration of alkynones, decarboxylative coupling) or catalytic (biocatalysis, organocatalytic, metal-based catalysis) methodologies: Additionally, the preparation of branched β-dicarbonyl compounds by means of α-functionalization of non-substituted 1,3-diketones are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Organic Chemistry Department, University of Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.d.G.); (A.R.A.); Tel.: +34-95-455-99-97 (G.d.G.); +34-91-394-18-21 (A.R.A.)
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.d.G.); (A.R.A.); Tel.: +34-95-455-99-97 (G.d.G.); +34-91-394-18-21 (A.R.A.)
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Shevaldina EV, Opredelennova KA, Chichvarina OA, Spiridonov YY, Smol'yakov AF, Dorovatovskii PV, Moiseev SK. One‐pot acid‐free ferrocenylalkylation of azoles with α‐ferrocenyl alcohols: ferrocene‐based plant growth regulators and herbicide safeners. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Shevaldina
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Vavilova 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Opredelennova
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Vavilova 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Institute of Fine Chemical TechnologiesMIREA ‐ Russian Technological University 78 Vernadsky Avenue Moscow 119454 Russia
| | - Olga A. Chichvarina
- All‐Russian Research Institute of Phytopatology ul. Institut 5, Bolshie Vyazemy Moscow Region 143050 Russia
| | - Yury Ya. Spiridonov
- All‐Russian Research Institute of Phytopatology ul. Institut 5, Bolshie Vyazemy Moscow Region 143050 Russia
| | - Alexandr F. Smol'yakov
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Vavilova 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Stremyanny per. 36 Moscow 117997 Russia
- Faculty of ScienceRUDN University 6 Miklukho‐Maklaya St Moscow 117198 Russia
| | - Pavel V. Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1 Moscow 123182 Russia
| | - Sergey K. Moiseev
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Vavilova 28 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Korb M, Mahrholdt J, Liu X, Lang H. Reactivity of Planar‐Chiral α‐Ferrocenyl Carbocations towards Electron‐Rich Aromatics. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Julia Mahrholdt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Xianming Liu
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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Korb M, Lang H. The anionic Fries rearrangement: a convenient route to ortho-functionalized aromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2829-2882. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The scope and mechanism of anionic (hetero-) Fries rearrangements are summarized for various migrating groups and arenes, including applications and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
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Korb M, Mahrholdt J, Lang H. (Planar‐Chiral) Ferrocenylmethanols: From Anionic Homo Phospho‐Fries Rearrangements to α‐Ferrocenyl Carbenium Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Julia Mahrholdt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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Abstract
The carbon–carbon (C–C) bond forms the ‘backbone’ of nearly every organic molecule, and lies at the heart of the chemical sciences! Let us explore designing of carbon–carbon frameworks at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (a Central University)
- Santiniketan-731235
- India
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Synthesis, characterization and X-ray crystal structures of chiral ferrocene-containing β-diketones. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mazzoni R, Salmi M, Zacchini S, Zanotti V. Iron-Catalyzed Ferrocenylmethanol OH Substitution by S, N, P, and C Nucleophiles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymer of sodium alginate and poly(itaconic acid) by the redox system. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Al(OTf)3 as a new efficient catalyst for the direct nucleophilic substitution of ferrocenyl alcohol substrates. Convenient preparation of ferrocenyl-PEG compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Jiang R, Yuan CX, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Nucleophilic substitution of ferrocenyl alcohols catalyzed by bismuth(III) in aqueous medium at room temperature. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou; 215123; People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou; 215123; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou; 215123; People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou; 215123; People's Republic of China
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Wang M, Gao JJ, Song ZG, Wang L. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate catalyzed green synthesis of 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro- quinazolin-4(1H)-ones using a grinding technique. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-011-0846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Jiang R, Chu XQ, Xu XP, Wu B, Ji SJ. Direct C - O Bond Activation Mediated by AcOH: A New Metal-Free Way for α-Functionalization of Ferrocene Alcohols. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
α-functionalization of ferrocenyl alcohols by direct C–O bond activation by indoles, active methylene compounds, electron-rich arenes, anilines, alcohols, and thiols in acetic acid is described. This protocol provides a relatively green and efficient combinatorial access to ferrocene derivatives in a metal-free manner.
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Sanz R, Miguel D, Martínez A, Gohain M, García-García P, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Álvarez E, Rodríguez F. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Alkylation of Indoles with Tertiary Propargylic Alcohols: Scope and Limitations. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Patti A, Pedotti S. Parallel or classical kinetic resolution of a planar chiral ferrocenylketone through asymmetric reductions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Nucleophilic substitution of ferrocenyl alcohols by cerium ammonium nitrate: C–N, C–S, and C–O bonds formation. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sridharan V, Menéndez JC. Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate as a Catalyst in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3805-49. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100004p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Rueping M, Nachtsheim BJ. A review of new developments in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation - From green chemistry to asymmetric catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:6. [PMID: 20485588 PMCID: PMC2870981 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient Friedel-Crafts alkylations of arenes and heteroarenes using only catalytic amounts of a Lewis acid has gained much attention over the last decade. The new catalytic approaches described in this review are favoured over classical Friedel-Crafts conditions as benzyl-, propargyl- and allyl alcohols, or styrenes, can be used instead of toxic benzyl halides. Additionally, only low catalyst loadings are needed to provide a wide range of products. Following a short introduction about the origin and classical definition of the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the review will describe the different environmentally benign substrates which can be applied today as an approach towards greener processes. Additionally, the first diastereoselective and enantioselective Friedel-Crafts-type alkylations will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Boris J Nachtsheim
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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