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Blyth MT, Coote ML. Manipulation of N-heterocyclic carbene reactivity with practical oriented electric fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:375-383. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields can be used to tune the nucleophilicity and electrophilicity of N-heterocyclic carbenes and enhance their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T. Blyth
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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2
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Rowshanpour R, Gravel M, Dudding T. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalyzed Redox-Active/Ring Expansion Reactions: Mechanistic Insights Unveiling Base Cooperativity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16785-16793. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Rowshanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Michel Gravel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5C9, Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S3A1, Canada
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3
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Wessels A, Klussmann M, Breugst M, Schlörer NE, Berkessel A. Formation of Breslow Intermediates from N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Aldehydes Involves Autocatalysis by the Breslow Intermediate, and a Hemiacetal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117682. [PMID: 35238462 PMCID: PMC9325009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Under aprotic conditions, the stoichiometric reaction of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) such as imidazolidin‐2‐ylidenes with aldehydes affords Breslow Intermediates (BIs), involving a formal 1,2‐C‐to‐O proton shift. We herein report kinetic studies (NMR), complemented by DFT calculations, on the mechanism of this kinetically disfavored H‐translocation. Variable time normalization analysis (VTNA) revealed that the kinetic orders of the reactants vary for different NHC‐to‐aldehyde ratios, indicating different and ratio‐dependent mechanistic regimes. We propose that for high NHC‐to‐aldehyde ratios, the H‐shift takes place in the primary, zwitterionic NHC‐aldehyde adduct. With excess aldehyde, the zwitterion is in equilibrium with a hemiacetal, in which the H‐shift occurs. In both regimes, the critical H‐shift is auto‐catalyzed by the BI. Kinetic isotope effects observed for R‐CDO are in line with our proposal. Furthermore, we detected an H‐bonded complex of the BI with excess NHC (NMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wessels
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Borchers GmbH Berghausener Straße 100 40764 Langenfeld Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Nils E. Schlörer
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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4
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Wessels A, Klussmann M, Breugst M, Schlörer NE, Berkessel A. Die Bildung von Breslow‐Intermediaten aus N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen und Aldehyden verläuft autokatalytisch und mit einem Halbacetal als Intermediat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wessels
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Borchers GmbH Berghausener Straße 100 40764 Langenfeld Deutschland
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Nils E. Schlörer
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
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5
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Huang GT, Hsieh MH, Yu JSK. Formation of Breslow Intermediates under Aprotic Conditions: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2501-2507. [PMID: 35029105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of formation of the Breslow intermediate (BI) under aprotic conditions is investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The zwitterionic adduct (ZA) is formed by the first addition of an imidazolinylidene to benzaldehyde. The forward reaction is found to proceed through the second addition of the ZA to another benzaldehyde, and subsequent proton migration gives a hemiacetal. The bimolecular reaction enables the conversion of the ZA to a more reactive hemiacetal, which is further decomposed to the BI with the assistance of the ZA. During the ZA-assisted process, the hemiacetal and the BI act as hydrogen bond donors to stabilize the ZA. The hydrogen bond interactions between the ZA and the BI or hemiacetal are analyzed. The DFT computations demonstrate that along the proposed route, the proton migration leading to the hemiacetal intermediate is the rate-determining step (ΔG⧧ = 21.2 kcal mol-1). The bimolecular mechanism provides an alternative pathway to explain BI formation under aprotic conditions.
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6
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Pareek M, Reddi Y, Sunoj RB. Tale of the Breslow intermediate, a central player in N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis: then and now. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7973-7992. [PMID: 34194690 PMCID: PMC8208132 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01910d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) belong to the popular family of organocatalysts used in a wide range of reactions, including that for the synthesis of complex natural products and biologically active compounds. In their organocatalytic manifestation, NHCs are known to impart umpolung reactivity to aldehydes and ketones, which are then exploited in the generation of homoenolate, acyl anion, and enolate equivalents suitable for a plethora of reactions such as annulation, benzoin, Stetter, Claisen rearrangement, cycloaddition, and C-C and C-H bond functionalization reactions and so on. A common thread that runs through these NHC catalyzed reactions is the proposed involvement of an enaminol, also known as the Breslow intermediate, formed by the nucleophilic addition of an NHC to a carbonyl group of a suitable electrophile. In the emerging years of NHC catalysis, enaminol remained elusive and was largely considered a putative intermediate owing to the difficulties encountered in its isolation and characterization. However, in the last decade, synergistic efforts utilizing an array of computational and experimental techniques have helped in gaining important insights into the formation and characterization of Breslow intermediates. Computational studies have suggested that a direct 1,2-proton transfer within the initial zwitterionic intermediate, generated by the action of an NHC on the carbonyl carbon, is energetically prohibitive and hence the participation of other species capable of promoting an assisted proton transfer is more likely. The proton transfer assisted by additives (such as acids, bases, other species, or even a solvent) was found to ease the kinetics of formation of Breslow intermediates. These important details on the formation, in situ detection, isolation, and characterization of the Breslow intermediate are scattered over a series of reports spanning well over a decade, and we intend to consolidate them in this review and provide a critical assessment of these developments. Given the central role of the Breslow intermediate in organocatalytic reactions, this treatise is expected to serve as a valuable source of knowledge on the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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7
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Ahmad G, Rasool N, Rizwan K, Altaf AA, Rashid U, Mahmood T, Ayub K. Role of Pyridine Nitrogen in Palladium-Catalyzed Imine Hydrolysis: A Case Study of (E)-1-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)-N-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanimine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24142609. [PMID: 31319634 PMCID: PMC6680400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 4-methylpyridin-2-amine was reacted with 3-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde and the Schiff base (E)-1-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)-N-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanimine was obtained in a 79% yield. Coupling of the Schiff base with aryl/het-aryl boronic acids under Suzuki coupling reaction conditions, using Pd(PPh3)4 as catalyst, yielded products with the hydrolysis of the imine linkages (5a–5k, 6a–6h) in good to moderate yields. To gain mechanistic insight into the transition metal-catalyzed hydrolysis of the compounds, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed. The theoretical calculations strongly supported the experiment and provided an insight into the transition metal-catalyzed hydrolysis of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulraiz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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8
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Tu PC, Zhou L, Kirillov AM, Fang R, Yang L. Computational study on the NHC-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles: mechanism, key intermediate and the role of the catalyst. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism, key intermediate and role of NHC for NHC-catalyzed umpolung of imines are clarified through our calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
| | - Ran Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Lizi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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9
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Csomós P, Fodor L, Csámpai A, Sohár P. A useful ring transformation route to novel thiazepino[7,6- b ]indoles from monochloro-β-lactam-fused 1,3-thiazino[6,5- b ]indoles, analogues of cyclobrassinin. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Xie M, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Jiang J, Wang X. One-pot Synthesis of Blue-green Emitting Fluorophores. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Yingkai Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Sanxiao Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering; Liaoning Shihua University; Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
- Departement de chimie; Universite de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1 K 2R1 Canada
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11
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Wei D, Qiao Y. Insights into N
-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation Reaction of Enals with Nitroalkenes: Mechanisms, Origin of Chemo- and Stereoselectivity, and Role of Catalyst. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3046-3054. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zheng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
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12
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Esmaeilpour M, Sardarian AR, Jarrahpour A, Ebrahimi E, Javidi J. Synthesis and characterization of β-lactam functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as an approach for improvement of antibacterial activity of β-lactams. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of magnetic β-lactam functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles has a synergic effect to improve the antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edris Ebrahimi
- Chemistry Department
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Jaber Javidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
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13
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Aurell MJ, Domingo LR, Arnó M, Zaragozá RJ. A DFT study of the mechanism of NHC catalysed annulation reactions involving α,β-unsaturated acyl azoliums and β-naphthol. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8338-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of NHC catalysed annulation reactions involving an α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium and β-naphthol has been studied using DFT methods at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. José Aurell
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Manuel Arnó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Ramón J. Zaragozá
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
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14
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Reddi Y, Sunoj RB. Asymmetric Dual-Catalytic Cascade by Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Quinuclidine: Mechanism and Origin of Enantioselectivity in Benzofuranone Formation. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs502006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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15
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Wei X, Fang R, Yang L. Mechanism of N-heterocylic carbene-catalyzed annulation of allenals with chalcones to 3-pyrancarbaldehydes or cyclopentene. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanisms of N-heterocylic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulation to 3-pyrancarbaldehydes or cyclopentene were theoretically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Ran Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Lizi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
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16
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Liu H, Lau GPS, Dyson PJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Alkynes to Succinimides. J Org Chem 2014; 80:386-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502412v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Liu
- Institut des Sciences et
Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve P. S. Lau
- Institut des Sciences et
Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et
Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Ali MA, Siddiki SMAH, Kon K, Hasegawa J, Shimizu KI. Versatile and sustainable synthesis of cyclic imides from dicarboxylic acids and amines by Nb2O5 as a base-tolerant heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst. Chemistry 2014; 20:14256-60. [PMID: 25225033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic condensation of dicarboxylics acid and amines without excess amount of activating reagents is the most atom-efficient but unprecedented synthetic method of cyclic imides. Here we present the first general catalytic method, proceeding selectively and efficiently in the presence of a commercial Nb2 O5 as a reusable and base-tolerant heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst. The method is effective for the direct synthesis of pharmaceutically or industrially important cyclic imides, such as phensuximide, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), and unsubstituted cyclic imides from dicarboxylic acid or anhydrides with amines, hydroxylamine, or ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ayub Ali
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 11-706-9163
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18
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Kim J, Hong SH. Synthesis of cyclic imides from nitriles and diols using hydrogen transfer as a substrate-activating strategy. Org Lett 2014; 16:4404-7. [PMID: 25111669 DOI: 10.1021/ol501835t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An atom-economical and versatile method for the synthesis of cyclic imides from nitriles and diols was developed. The method utilizes a Ru-catalyzed transfer-hydrogenation reaction in which the substrates, diols, and nitriles are simultaneously activated into lactones and amines in a redox-neutral manner to afford the corresponding cyclic imides with evolution of H2 gas as the sole byproduct. This operationally simple and catalytic synthetic method provides a sustainable and easily accessible route to cyclic imides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zhang Q, Yu HZ, Fu Y. NHC-catalyzed homoenolate reaction of enals and nitroalkenes: computational study of mechanism, chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic study on the NHC-catalyzed homoenolate reaction of enals and nitroalkenes has been performed with the aid of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei, China
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20
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Domingo LR, Sáez JA, Arnó M. A DFT study on the NHC catalysed Michael addition of enols to α,β-unsaturated acyl-azoliums. A base catalysed C–C bond-formation step. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:895-904. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41924j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Kato T, Ota Y, Matsuoka SI, Takagi K, Suzuki M. Experimental mechanistic studies of the tail-to-tail dimerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8739-47. [PMID: 23941561 DOI: 10.1021/jo401477b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We and others have previously reported the intermolecular umpolung reactions of Michael acceptors catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The representative tail-to-tail dimerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has now been intensively investigated, leading to the following conclusions: (1) The catalysis involves the deoxy-Breslow intermediate, which is quite stable and remains active after the catalysis. (2) Addition of the intermediate to MMA and the final catalyst elimination are the rate-limiting steps. Addition of the NHC to MMA and the proton transfers are relatively very rapid. (3) The two alkenyl protons of the first MMA undergo an intermolecular transfer to C3 and C5 of the dimer. (4) The initial proton transfer is intermolecular. (5) Compared with the benzoin condensation, noticeable differences in the kinetics, reversibility, and stability of the intermediates are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Kato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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23
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Maji B, Mayr H. Structures and Ambident Reactivities of Azolium Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11163-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Sun H, Fang X, Chi YR, Li G. Theoretical Study of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Benzodienones and Enals. Chirality 2013; 25:521-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Fang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Guohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; People's Republic of China
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25
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Santos FMF, Rosa JN, André V, Duarte MT, Veiros LF, Gois PMP. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Addition of Aldehydes to Diazo Compounds: Stereoselective Synthesis of N-Acylhydrazones. Org Lett 2013; 15:1760-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400563w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João N. Rosa
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Teresa Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Veiros
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal, and Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Chamorro E, Duque-Noreña M, Notario R, Pérez P. Intrinsic Relative Scales of Electrophilicity and Nucleophilicity. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2636-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312143t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Chamorro
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Notario
- Instituto de Química
Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Matsuoka SI, Tochigi Y, Takagi K, Suzuki M. Sequential one-pot and three-component reactions of an N-heterocyclic carbene to form 4-(1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-diones: a tandem umpolung/annulation sequence via deoxy-Breslow intermediates. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Yu H, Fu Y. Mechanistic origin of cross-coupling selectivity in Ni-catalysed Tishchenko reactions. Chemistry 2012; 18:16765-73. [PMID: 23112051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies have been performed for the recently developed, Ni-catalysed selective cross-coupling reaction between aryl and alkyl aldehydes. A mono-carbonyl activation (MCA) mechanism (in which one of the carbonyl groups is activated by oxidative addition) was found to be the most favourable pathway, and the rate-determining step is oxidative addition. Analysing the origin of the observed cross-coupling selectivity, we found the most favourable carbonyl activation step requires both coordination of the aryl aldehyde and oxidative addition of the alkyl aldehyde. Therefore, the stronger π-accepting ability of the aryl aldehyde (relative to alkyl aldehyde) and the ease of oxidative addition of the alkyl aldehyde (relative to aryl aldehyde) are responsible for the cross-coupling selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
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29
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Maji B, Mayr H. Structures and Reactivities of O-Methylated Breslow Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10408-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Reddi Y, Sunoj RB. Origin of Stereoselectivity in a Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Substituted Cyclohexyl 1,3-Diketones. Org Lett 2012; 14:2810-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301036u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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32
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Domingo LR, Zaragozá RJ, Saéz JA, Arnó M. Understanding the mechanism of the intramolecular stetter reaction. A DFT study. Molecules 2012; 17:1335-53. [PMID: 22301721 PMCID: PMC6268864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed intramolecular Stetter reaction of salicylaldehyde 1 to yield chromanone 3 has been theoretically studied at the B3LYP/6-31G** level. This NHC-catalyzed reaction takes place through six elementary steps, which involve: (i) formation of the Breslow intermediate IN2; (ii) an intramolecular Michael-Type addition in IN2 to form the new C-C s bond; and (iii) extrusion of the NHC catalyst from the Michael adduct to yield chromanone 3. Analysis of the relative free energies in toluene indicates that while formation of Breslow intermediate IN2 involves the rate-determining step of the catalytic process, the intramolecular Michael-type addition is the stereoselectivity determining step responsible for the configuration of the stereogenic carbon a to the carbonyl of chromanone 3. An ELF analysis at TSs and intermediates involved in the Michael-type addition allows for the characterization of the electronic changes along the C-C bond-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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33
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Domingo LR, Saéz JA, Arnó M. An ELF analysis of the C–C bond formation step in the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed hydroacylation of unactivated C–C double bonds. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21042h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Wang G, Cao X, Yan X, Chen L. A Mild and Facile Synthesis of Cyclic Imides using Pyridinium Chlorochromate. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13202290249578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A mild and facile synthetic method of cyclic imides is presented. These compounds are widely used in the synthesis of novel medical, polymeric, photonic and electronic materials. Compared with traditional syntheses, the method reported has several advantages including mild conditions, simplified work-up and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ge Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xilong Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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36
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Stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-4-acyl-β-lactams from vicinal diketones and ketoaldehydes. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Domingo LR, Zaragozá RJ, Arnó M. Understanding the cooperative NHC/LA catalysis for stereoselective annulation reactions with homoenolates. A DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6616-22. [PMID: 21842074 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of Ti(Oi-Pr)(4) Lewis acid (LA) in the cooperative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/LA catalyzed addition of enals to enones to yield cis-cyclopentenes has been investigated using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6-31G** computational level. Ti(IV) effectively catalyzes the reaction by formation of a complex with cinnamaldehyde 1, which favors the nucleophilic attack of NHC 5 on 1, and the subsequent proton abstraction to yield the extended Ti(IV)-Breslow intermediate 21. The nature of the metal involved in the LA catalyst plays a relevant role due to the more basic character of NHCs than aldehydes. Thus, strong LAs, such as Zn(OTf)(2), prevent the catalytic behavior of NHCs to form a very stable complex. The subsequent formation of a complex between chalcone 2 and the extended Ti(IV)-Breslow intermediate 21 favors the cis stereoselective C-C bond-formation. Analysis of the structures of Ti(IV)-complex precursors for the cis and trans C-C bond-formation steps allows for an explanation of the unexpected cis stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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39
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He Y, Xue Y. Theoretical investigations on the mechanism of benzoin condensation catalyzed by pyrido[1,2-a]-2-ethyl[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylidene. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1408-17. [PMID: 21306173 DOI: 10.1021/jp110352e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new annulated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), pyrido[1,2-a]-2-ethyl[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylidene, has been synthesized and its good catalytic activity for benzoin condensation has been experimentally determined by You and co-workers recently [ Ma , Y. J. , Wei , S. P. , Lan , J. B. , Wang , J. Z. , Xie , R. G. , and You , J. S. J. Org. Chem. 2008 , 73 , 8256 ]. In this work, the mechanism of the title reaction has been intensively studied computationally by employing the density functional theory (B3LYP) method in conjunction with 6-31+G(d) and 6-311+G(2d,p) basis sets. Our results indicate that path A (in which a sequence of intermolecular proton transfers between two carbene/benzaldehyde coupling intermediates affords enamine) and path B (in which a t-BuOH assisted hydrogen transfer generates enamine) proposed on the basis of the Breslow mechanism are competitive for their similar barriers. In path A, the first intermolecular proton transfer between two N-heterocyclic carbene/benzaldehyde coupled intermediates to form tertiary alcohol and enolate anion is theoretically the rate-determining step with corresponding barrier (30.93 kcal/mol), while the t-BuOH assisted hydrogen transfer generating Breslow enamine is the rate-determining step with corresponding barrier (28.84 kcal/mol) in path B. The coupling of carbene and benzaldehyde, and the coupling of enamine and another benzaldehyde to form a C-C bond are partially rate-determining for their relatively significant barriers (24.06 and 26.95 kcal/mol, respectively), being the same in both paths A and B. Our results are in nice agreement with the experimental result in a kinetic investigation of thiazolium ion-catalyzed benzoin condensation performed by White and Leeper in 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing He
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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Campbell CD, Collett CJ, Thomson JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Organic base effects in NHC promoted O- to C-carboxyl transfer; chemoselectivity profiles, mechanistic studies and domino catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4205-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Zarei M, Jarrahpour A. Synthesis of N-unsubstituted β-lactams from N-alkoxyphenyl-β-lactams with cobalt(III) fluoride. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Zhang J, Senthilkumar M, Ghosh S, Hong S. Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Simple Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Zhang J, Senthilkumar M, Ghosh S, Hong S. Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Simple Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6391-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Jarrahpour A, Zarei M. Efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-azetidinones from acetic acid derivatives and imines using methoxymethylene-N,N-dimethyliminium salt. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Duguet N, Donaldson A, Leckie SM, Douglas J, Shapland P, Brown TB, Churchill G, Slawin AM, Smith AD. Chiral relay in NHC-mediated asymmetric β-lactam synthesis I; substituent effects in NHCs derived from (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Domingo LR, Zaragozá RJ, Arnó M. Understanding the mechanism of stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentenes via N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed reactions of enals with enones. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4884-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Molina MT, Navarro C, Moreno A, Csákÿ AG. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Monoacylation of 1,4-Naphthoquinones with Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9573-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902235h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Molina
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Navarro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio G. Csákÿ
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Driller KM, Klein H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Iron-catalyzed carbonylation: selective and efficient synthesis of succinimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6041-4. [PMID: 19591180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Marie Driller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Driller KM, Klein H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Eisen-katalysierte Carbonylierungen: selektive und effiziente Synthese von Succinimiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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