Szeto J, Sriramurthy V, Kwon O. Phosphine-initiated general base catalysis: facile access to benzannulated 1,3-diheteroatom five-membered rings via double-Michael reactions of allenes.
Org Lett 2011;
13:5420-3. [PMID:
21932819 DOI:
10.1021/ol201730q]
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Abstract
General base-catalyzed double-Michael reactions of allenes with various dinucleophiles are described. The reactions are facilitated most efficiently by a catalytic amount of trimethylphosphine, affording six types of C2-functionalized benzannulated five-membered heterocycles: benzimidazolines, benzoxazolines, benzothiazolines, 1,3-benzodioxoles, 1,3-benzoxathioles, and 1,3-benzodithioles. This atom-economical reaction is operationally simple and provides the product heterocycles in good to excellent yields. Careful mechanistic studies unveiled the phosphine-triggered general base catalysis pathway. Furthermore, the double-Michael reaction can serve as an alternative method for the selective monoketalization of β-diketones.
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