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Ryabukhin SV, Bondarenko DV, Trofymchuk SA, Lega DA, Volochnyuk DM. Aza-Heterocyclic Building Blocks with In-Ring CF 2 -Fragment. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300283. [PMID: 37873869 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern organic chemistry is a titan supporting and reinforcing pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and material science products. Over the past decades, the organic compounds market has been evolving to meet all the research demands. In this regard, medicinal chemistry is especially dependent on available chemical space as subtle tuning of the molecule structure is required to create a drug with relevant physicochemical properties and a remarkable activity profile. The recent rapid evolution of synthetic methodology to deploy fluorine has brought fluorinated compounds to the spotlight of MedChem community. And now unique properties of fluorine still keep fascinating more and more as its justified installation into a molecular framework has a beneficial impact on membrane permeability, lipophilicity, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic properties, conformation, pKa , etc. The backward influence of medicinal chemistry on organic synthesis has also changed the landscape of the latter towards new fluorinated topologies as well. Such complex relationships create a flexible and ever-changing ecosystem. Given that MedChem investigations strongly lean on the ability to reach suitable building blocks and the existence of reliable synthetic methods in this review we collected advances in the chemistry of respectful, but still enigmatic gem-difluorinated aza-heterocyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D V Bondarenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S A Trofymchuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D A Lega
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 53 Pushkinska str., 61002, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - D M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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2
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Design, properties and applications of fluorinated and fluoroalkylated N-containing monosaccharides and their analogues. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bhuma N, Burade SS, Louat T, Herman J, Kawade S, Doshi PJ, Dhavale DD. Fluorinated piperidine iminosugars and their N -alkylated derivatives: Synthesis, conformational analysis, immunosuppressive and glycosidase inhibitory activity studies. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de la Fuente A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Stereodivergent Syntheses of altro
and manno
Stereoisomers of 2-Acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirimycin. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex de la Fuente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció Química Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció Química Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
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α-Geminal disubstituted pyrrolidine iminosugars and their C-4-fluoro analogues: Synthesis, glycosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5148-5159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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5-Fluoro derivatives of 4-epi-isofagomine as D-galactosidase inhibitors and potential pharmacological chaperones for GM1-gangliosidosis as well as Fabry's disease. Carbohydr Res 2015; 420:6-12. [PMID: 26717544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic fluorination of an exocyclic methoxymethylene enol ether derived from N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-pent-2-ulose (11) provided the 5-fluoro derivative of the powerful β-galactosidase inhibitor 4-epi-isofagomine (8). This structural alteration, in combination with N-alkylation, led to considerably improved α-galactosidase selectivity. New compounds may serve as leads en route to new pharmacological chaperones for Fabry's disease.
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Kasture VM, Kalamkar NB, Nair RJ, Joshi RS, Sabharwal SG, Dhavale DD. Synthesis, conformational study, glycosidase inhibitory activity and molecular docking studies of dihydroxylated 4- and 5-amino-iminosugars. Carbohydr Res 2015; 408:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Jiang XY, Xu XH, Qing FL. Design and concise synthesis of gem-difluoromethylenated analogue of 7-epi-castanospermine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Hu XG, Hunter L. Stereoselectively fluorinated N-heterocycles: a brief survey. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2696-708. [PMID: 24367435 PMCID: PMC3869242 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereoselective incorporation of fluorine atoms into N-heterocycles can lead to dramatic changes in the molecules’ physical and chemical properties. These changes can be rationally exploited for the benefit of diverse fields such as medicinal chemistry and organocatalysis. This brief review will examine some of the effects that fluorine substitution can have in N-heterocycles, including changes to the molecules’ stability, their conformational behaviour, their hydrogen bonding ability, and their basicity. Finally, some methods for the synthesis of stereoselectively fluorinated N-heterocycles will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Guo Hu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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López Ó, Qing FL, Pedersen CM, Bols M. Enzyme inhibition by iminosugars: Analysis and insight into the glycosidase–iminosugar dependency of pH. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4755-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Jenkinson SF, Best D, Saville AW, Mui J, Martínez RF, Nakagawa S, Kunimatsu T, Alonzi DS, Butters TD, Norez C, Becq F, Blériot Y, Wilson FX, Weymouth-Wilson AC, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. C-branched iminosugars: α-glucosidase inhibition by enantiomers of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB-L-isoDMDP compared to miglitol and miglustat. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7380-97. [PMID: 23688199 DOI: 10.1021/jo4005487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ho crossed aldol condensation provides access to a series of carbon branched iminosugars as exemplified by the synthesis of enantiomeric pairs of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB, allowing comparison of their biological activities with three linear isomeric natural products DMDP, DGDP, and DAB and their enantiomers. L-IsoDMDP [(2S,3S,4R)-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol], prepared in 11 steps in an overall yield of 45% from d-lyxonolactone, is a potent specific competitive inhibitor of gut disaccharidases [K(i) 0.081 μM for rat intestinal maltase] and is more effective in the suppression of hyperglycaemia in a maltose loading test than miglitol, a drug presently used in the treatment of late onset diabetes. The partial rescue of the defective F508del-CFTR function in CF-KM4 cells by L-isoDMDP is compared with miglustat and isoLAB in an approach to the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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Fustero S, Albert L, Mateu N, Chiva G, Miró J, González J, Aceña JL. Stereoselective access to fluorinated and non-fluorinated quaternary piperidines: synthesis of pipecolic acid and iminosugar derivatives. Chemistry 2012; 18:3753-64. [PMID: 22334380 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of optically pure quaternary piperidines, both fluorinated and non-fluorinated, has been achieved from a chiral imino lactone derived from (R)-phenylglycinol. In the case of the fluorinated derivatives, the addition of (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF(3)) followed by iodoamination and migration of the CF(3) group allowed access to four derivatives of α-(trifluoromethyl)pipecolic acid. A theoretical study of the CF(3)-group rearrangement has been carried out to help establish the reaction mechanism of this uncommon transformation. Moreover, a route to trifluoromethyl-substituted iminosugars was also developed through the diastereoselective dihydroxylation of suitable synthetic intermediates. Conversely, alkylation of the starting substrate and subsequent cross-metathesis and aza-Michael reactions led to α-alkyl derivatives of the target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Delso I, Tejero T, Goti A, Merino P. Sequential Nucleophilic Addition/Intramolecular Cycloaddition to Chiral Nonracemic Cyclic Nitrones: A Highly Stereoselective Approach to Polyhydroxynortropane Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4139-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, ICCOM-CNR, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Imino sugars and glycosyl hydrolases: historical context, current aspects, emerging trends. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2011; 66:187-298. [PMID: 22123190 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385518-3.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Forty years of discoveries and research on imino sugars, which are carbohydrate analogues having a basic nitrogen atom instead of oxygen in the sugar ring and, acting as potent glycosidase inhibitors, have made considerable impact on our contemporary understanding of glycosidases. Imino sugars have helped to elucidate the catalytic machinery of glycosidases and have refined our methods and concepts of utilizing them. A number of new aspects have emerged for employing imino sugars as pharmaceutical compounds, based on their profound effects on metabolic activities in which glycosidases are involved. From the digestion of starch to the fight against viral infections, from research into malignant diseases to potential improvements in hereditary storage disorders, glycosidase action and inhibition are essential issues. This account aims at combining general developments with a focus on some niches where imino sugars have become useful tools for glycochemistry and glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
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Best D, Jenkinson SF, Saville AW, Alonzi DS, Wormald MR, Butters TD, Norez C, Becq F, Blériot Y, Adachi I, Kato A, Fleet GW. Cystic fibrosis and diabetes: isoLAB and isoDAB, enantiomeric carbon-branched pyrrolidine iminosugars. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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