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Kim HK, Bui TT. Lanthanum(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Ureas from N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-Allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl-Protected Amines. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel lanthanum triflate mediated conversion of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-protected amines into nonsymmetric ureas was discovered. In this study, lanthanum triflate was found to be an effective catalyst for preparing various nonsymmetric ureas from protected amines. A variety of protected aromatic and aliphatic carbamates reacted readily with various amines in the presence of lanthanum triflate to generate the desired ureas in high yields. This result demonstrated that this novel lanthanum triflate catalyzed preparation of ureas from Cbz, Alloc, and Troc carbamates can be employed for the formation of various urea structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
| | - Tien Tan Bui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
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2
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Tran VH, Kim HK. CaI 2-Catalyzed direct transformation of N-Alloc-, N-Troc-, and N-Cbz-protected amines to asymmetrical ureas. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A practical CaI2-catalyzed direct synthesis of asymmetrical ureas from N-Alloc-, N-Troc-, and N-Cbz-carbamate compounds has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center
- Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center
- Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
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3
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Kang S, Kim HK. Facile direct synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas from N-Alloc-, N-Cbz-, and N-Boc-protected amines using DABAL-Me3. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Fulton A, Hayes MR, Schwaneberg U, Pietruszka J, Jaeger KE. High-Throughput Screening Assays for Lipolytic Enzymes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1685:209-231. [PMID: 29086311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7366-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Screening is defined as the identification of hits within a large library of variants of an enzyme or protein with a predefined property. In theory, each variant present in the respective library needs to be assayed; however, to save time and consumables, many screening regimes involve a primary round to identify clones producing active enzymes. Such primary or prescreenings for lipolytic enzyme activity are often carried out on agar plates containing pH indicators or substrates as triolein or tributyrin. Subsequently, high-throughput screening assays are usually performed in microtiter plate (MTP) format using chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates and, if available, automated liquid handling robotics. Here, we describe different assay systems to determine the activity and enantioselectivity of lipases and esterases as well as the synthesis of several substrates. We also report on the construction of a complete site saturation library derived from lipase A of Bacillus subtilis and its testing for detergent tolerance. This approach allows for the identification of amino acids affecting sensitivity or resistance against different detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fulton
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine - Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, 2880, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Marc R Hayes
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine - Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials at RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine - Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine - Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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Lee A, Kim HK, Thompson DH. A Facile Method for the Preparation of Unsymmetrical Ureas Utilizing Zirconium(IV) Chloride. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Myongji University; Yongin 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital; Jeonju 561-712 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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Jeong BH, Kim HK, Thompson DH. A Facile and Efficient Method for the Formation of Unsymmetrical Ureas Using DABAL-Me3. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A practical synthetic method for the formation of unsymmetrical-substituted ureas is described. The synthesis of the unsymmetrical ureas was readily performed from 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamate compounds by treatment of amines with bis(trimethylaluminum)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABAL-Me3). Using this reaction protocol, various trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted ureas were synthesized in high yields. This study offers a promising approach for the facile synthesis of a variety of unsymmetrical ureas from 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamates.
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Steinebach C, Schulz-Fincke AC, Schnakenburg G, Gütschow M. In situ generation and trapping of thioimidates: an intermolecular tandem reaction to 4-acylimino-4H-3,1-benzothiazines. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proton-catalyzed transformation of 2-thioureidobenzonitriles in the presence of acyl donors provides a convenient one-step entry to 4-acylimino-4H-3,1-benzothiazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinebach
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
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Haldar S, Maji SK. Spontaneous physical gelation from functionally modified tripeptides [C16-Ser(OBz)-X-Ser(OBz)-C16] via supramolecularly assisted polarophobic association in diverse organic media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Arendt W, Groenewold MK, Hebecker S, Dickschat JS, Moser J. Identification and characterization of a periplasmic aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol hydrolase responsible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24717-30. [PMID: 23792962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific aminoacylation of the phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) with alanine (or with lysine) was shown to render various organisms less susceptible to antimicrobial agents and environmental stresses. In this study, we make use of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to decode ORF PA0919-dependent lipid homeostasis. Analysis of the polar lipid content of the deletion mutant ΔPA0919 indicated significantly enlarged levels of alanyl-PG. The resulting phenotype manifested an increased susceptibility to several antimicrobial compounds when compared with the wild type. A pH-dependent PA0919 promoter located within the upstream gene PA0920 was identified. Localization experiments demonstrated that the PA0919 protein is anchored to the periplasmic surface of the inner bacterial membrane. The recombinant overproduction of wild type and several site-directed mutant proteins in the periplasm of Escherichia coli facilitated a detailed in vitro analysis of the enzymatic PA0919 function. A series of artificial substrates (p-nitrophenyl esters of various amino acids/aliphatic acids) indicated enzymatic hydrolysis of the alanine, glycine, or lysine moiety of the respective ester substrates. Our final in vitro activity assay in the presence of radioactively labeled alanyl-PG then revealed hydrolysis of the aminoacyl linkage, resulting in the formation of alanine and PG. Consequently, PA0919 was termed alanyl-PG hydrolase. The elucidated enzymatic activity implies a new regulatory circuit for the appropriate tuning of cellular alanyl-PG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Arendt
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Li P, Zhan C, Zhang S, Ding X, Guo F, He S, Yao J. Alkali metal cations control over nucleophilic substitutions on aromatic fused pyrimidine-2,4-[1H,3H]-diones: towards new PNA monomers. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ke D, Zhan C, Li ADQ, Yao J. Morphological Transformation between Nanofibers and Vesicles in a Controllable Bipyridine-Tripeptide Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ke D, Zhan C, Li ADQ, Yao J. Morphological Transformation between Nanofibers and Vesicles in a Controllable Bipyridine-Tripeptide Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3715-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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