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Diaz-Muñoz G, Miranda IL, Sartori SK, de Rezende DC, Alves Nogueira Diaz M. Use of chiral auxiliaries in the asymmetric synthesis of biologically active compounds: A review. Chirality 2019; 31:776-812. [PMID: 31418934 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review article describes the use of some of the most popular chiral auxiliaries in the asymmetric synthesis of biologically active compounds. Chiral auxiliaries derived from naturally occurring compounds, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, and terpenes, are considered essential tools for the construction of highly complex molecules. We highlight the auxiliaries of Evans, Corey, Yamada, Enders, Oppolzer, and Kunz, which led to remarkable progress in asymmetric synthesis in the last decades and continue to bring advances until the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Diaz-Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabel Luzia Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Suélen Karine Sartori
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Fernandes AAG, Leonarczyk IA, Ferreira MAB, Dias LC. Diastereoselectivity in the boron aldol reaction of α-alkoxy and α,β-bis-alkoxy methyl ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3167-3180. [PMID: 30838365 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, using DFT calculations, we investigated the 1,4 and 1,5 asymmetric induction in boron enolate aldol reactions of α-alkoxy and α,β-bisalkoxy methyl ketones. We evaluated the steric influence of alkyl substituents at the α position and the stereoelectronic influence of the oxygen protecting groups at the α and β positions. Theoretical calculations revealed the origins of the 1,4 asymmetric induction in terms of the nature of the β-substituent. The synergistic effect between the α,β-syn and α,β-anti-bisalkoxy stereocenters was elucidated. In the presence of the β-alkoxy center, the reaction proceeds through the Goodman-Paton 1,5-stereoinduction model, experiencing a minor influence of the α-alkoxy center.
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Zhang Z, Collum DB. Evans Enolates: Structures and Mechanisms Underlying the Aldol Addition of Oxazolidinone-Derived Boron Enolates. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7595-7601. [PMID: 28686020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The soft enolization of an acylated oxazolidinone using di-n-butylboron triflate (n-Bu2BOTf) and trialkylamines and subsequent aldol addition was probed structurally and mechanistically using a combination of IR and NMR spectroscopies. None of the species along the reaction coordinate show a penchant for aggregating. Complexation of the acylated oxazolidinone by n-Bu2BOTf was too rapid to monitor, as was the subsequent enolization with Et3N (triethylamine). The preformed n-Bu2BOTf·Et3N complex, displaying muted Lewis acidity and affiliated tractable rates, reveals a rate-limiting complexation via a transition structure with a complicated counterion. n-Bu2BOTf·i-Bu3N bearing a hindered amine shifts the rate-limiting step to proton transfer. Rate studies show that the aldol addition with isobutyraldehyde occurs as proffered by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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Dias LC, Polo EC. Nhatrangin A: Total Syntheses of the Proposed Structure and Six of Its Diastereoisomers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4072-4112. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen C. Polo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Dias LC, Vieira AS, Barreiro EJ. The total synthesis of calcium atorvastatin. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2291-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical and convergent asymmetric route to calcium atorvastatin (1) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. Dias
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- UNICAMP
- 13084-971 Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Adriano S. Vieira
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- UNICAMP
- 13084-971 Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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Dias LC, Kuroishi PK, de Lucca EC. The total synthesis of (−)-cryptocaryol A. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3575-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-cryptocaryol A (1) is described. Key features of the 17-step route include the use of three boron-mediated aldol reaction–reduction sequences to control all stereocenters and an Ando modification of the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination that permitted the installation of the Z double bond of the α-pyrone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Dias
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
| | - P. K. Kuroishi
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
| | - E. C. de Lucca
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Campinas
- Brazil
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Dias LC, Polo EC, Ferreira MAB, Tormena CF. 1,5-Stereoinduction in Boron-Mediated Aldol Reactions of β,δ-Bisalkoxy Methylketones Containing Cyclic Protecting Groups. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3766-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300125d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. Dias
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen C. Polo
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A. B. Ferreira
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio F. Tormena
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
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Dias LC, de Lucca EC, Ferreira MAB, Garcia DC, Tormena CF. The Role of β-Bulky Substituents in Aldol Reactions of Boron Enolates of Methylketones with Aldehydes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies by DFT Analysis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1765-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2023119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. Dias
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, C.P. 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Emílio C. de Lucca
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, C.P. 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A. B. Ferreira
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, C.P. 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo C. Garcia
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, C.P. 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio F. Tormena
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, C.P. 6154, Campinas,
SP, Brazil
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Wan S, Wu F, Rech JC, Green ME, Balachandran R, Horne WS, Day BW, Floreancig PE. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of pederin, psymberin, and highly potent analogs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16668-79. [PMID: 21902245 DOI: 10.1021/ja207331m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potent cytotoxins pederin and psymberin have been prepared through concise synthetic routes (10 and 14 steps in the longest linear sequences, respectively) that proceed via a late-stage multicomponent approach to construct the N-acyl aminal linkages. This route allowed for the facile preparation of a number of analogs that were designed to explore the importance of the alkoxy group in the N-acyl aminal and functional groups in the two major subunits on biological activity. These analogs, including a pederin/psymberin chimera, were analyzed for their growth inhibitory effects, revealing several new potent cytotoxins and leading to postulates regarding the molecular conformational and hydrogen bonding patterns that are required for biological activity. Second generation analogs have been prepared based on the results of the initial assays and a structure-based model for the binding of these compounds to the ribosome. The growth inhibitory properties of these compounds are reported. These studies show the profound role that organic chemistry in general and specifically late-stage multicomponent reactions can play in the development of unique and potent effectors for biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Pang Y, Fang C, Twiner MJ, Miles CO, Forsyth CJ. Total Synthesis of Dinophysistoxin-2 and 2-epi-Dinophysistoxin-2 and Their PPase Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7631-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pang Y, Fang C, Twiner MJ, Miles CO, Forsyth CJ. Total Synthesis of Dinophysistoxin-2 and 2-epi-Dinophysistoxin-2 and Their PPase Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dias LC, de Lucca EC, Ferreira MAB, Garcia DC, Tormena CF. Influence of β-Substituents in Aldol Reactions of Boron Enolates of β-Alkoxy Methylketones. Org Lett 2010; 12:5056-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102303p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. Dias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Emílio C. de Lucca
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A. B. Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo C. Garcia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio F. Tormena
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, C.P. 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Yamaoka Y, Yamamoto H. Super silyl stereo-directing groups for complete 1,5-syn and -anti stereoselectivities in the aldol reactions of beta-siloxy methyl ketones with aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5354-6. [PMID: 20349994 PMCID: PMC2868325 DOI: 10.1021/ja101076q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report that substrate-controlled 1,5-syn and -anti stereoinduction in the aldol reaction of beta-tris(trialkylsilyl)siloxy methyl ketones can be achieved with high diastereoselectivities. Tris(trialkylsilyl)silyl groups are easily prepared and play an important role in the selectivities of these reactions. Furthermore, all of the 1,3,5-triol stereoisomers can easily be prepared from beta-siloxy methyl ketones in no more than three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Yamaoka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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