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Ferretti F, Fouad MA, Abbo C, Ragaini F. Effective Synthesis of 4-Quinolones by Reductive Cyclization of 2'-Nitrochalcones Using Formic Acid as a CO Surrogate. Molecules 2023; 28:5424. [PMID: 37513296 PMCID: PMC10386197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Quinolones are the structural elements of many pharmaceutically active compounds. Although several approaches are known for their synthesis, the introduction of an aryl ring in position 2 is problematic with most of them. The reductive cyclization of o-nitrochalcones by pressurized CO, catalyzed by ruthenium or palladium complexes, has been previously reported to be a viable synthetic strategy for this aim, but the need for pressurized CO lines and autoclaves has prevented its widespread use. In this paper, we describe the use of the formic acid/acetic anhydride mixture as a CO surrogate, which allows us to perform the reaction in a cheap and commercially available thick-walled glass tube without adding any gaseous reagent. The obtained yields are often high and compare favorably with those previously reported by the use of pressurized CO. The procedure was applied to a three-step synthesis from commercially available and cheap reagents of the alkaloid Graveoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manar Ahmed Fouad
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Cecilia Abbo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Synthesis of Indoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of β-Nitrostyrenes with Phenyl Formate as a CO Surrogate. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The reductive cyclization of suitably substituted organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide is a very appealing technique for the synthesis of heterocycles because of its atom efficiency and easiness of separation of the only stoichiometric byproduct CO2, but the need for pressurized CO has hampered its diffusion. We have recently reported on the synthesis of indoles by reductive cyclization of o-nitrostyrenes using phenyl formate as a CO surrogate, using a palladium/1,10-phenanthroline complex as catalyst. However, depending on the desired substituents on the structure, the use of β-nitrostyrenes as alternative reagents may be advantageous. We report here the results of our study on the possibility to use phenyl formate as a CO surrogate in the synthesis of indoles by reductive cyclization of β-nitrostyrenes, using PdCl2(CH3CN)2 + phenanthroline as the catalyst. It turned out that good results can be obtained when the starting nitrostyrene bears an aryl substituent in the alpha position. However, when no such substituent is present, only fair yield of indole can be obtained because the base required to decompose the formate also catalyzes an oligo-polymerization of the starting styrene. The reaction can be performed in a single glass pressure tube, a cheap and easily available piece of equipment.
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Ferretti F, Ramadan DR, Ragaini F. Transition Metal Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization Reactions of Nitroarenes and Nitroalkenes. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferretti
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Doaa R. Ramadan
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Fabio Ragaini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
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Bosch C, Bradshaw B, Bonjoch J. Decahydroquinoline Ring 13C NMR Spectroscopic Patterns for the Stereochemical Elucidation of Phlegmarine-Type Lycopodium Alkaloids: Synthesis of (-)-Serralongamine A and Structural Reassignment and Synthesis of (-)-Huperzine K and (-)-Huperzine M (Lycoposerramine Y). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1576-1586. [PMID: 31181922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of 13C NMR spectroscopic data of the phlegmarine subset of Lycopodium alkaloids revealed spectral patterns that allowed the stereochemical arrangement of the four stereogenic carbons in the decahydroquinoline core to be established. A relatively simple predictive set of chemical shift combinations is reported, providing a tool for the challenging stereochemical assignment of phlegmarine-type alkaloids. Based on the chemical shifts in their NMR spectroscopic profiles, the alkaloids huperzine K and huperzine M, formally reported as cis derivatives, were structurally reassigned as trans-decahydroquinolines. The NMR spectroscopic data for huperzine M were identical to those reported for lycoposerramine Y and, hence, also implied the configurational reassignment of the latter. The revised structures of the above alkaloids were confirmed by enantioselective total synthesis. Additionally, the synthesis of (-)-serralongamine A via a common intermediate precursor is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bosch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
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Ansari NH, Dacko CA, Akhmedov NG, Söderberg BCG. Double Palladium Catalyzed Reductive Cyclizations. Synthesis of 2,2'-, 2,3'-, and 3,3'-Bi-1H-indoles, Indolo[3,2-b]indoles, and Indolo[2,3-b]indoles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9337-9349. [PMID: 27641321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed, carbon monoxide mediated, double reductive cyclization of 1,4-, 1,3-, and 2,3-bis(2-nitroaryl)-1,3-butadienes to afford 2,2'-, 2,3'-, and 3,3'-biindoles, respectively, was developed. In contrast, reductive cyclizations of 1,2-bis(2-nitroaryl)ethenes were nonselective, affording mixtures of monocyclized indoles, indolo[3,2-b]indole, indolo[1,2-c]quinazolin-6(5H)-ones, and 5,11-dihydro-6H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-6-ones. Nonselective product formation was also observed from reductive cyclization of 1,1-bis(2-nitroaryl)ethenes, producing indolo[2,3-b]indoles and indolo[2,3-c]quinolin-6-ones. Carbon monoxide insertion to give the carbonyl containing products was the major or sole reaction path starting from 1,1- or 1,2-bis(2-nitroaryl)ethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul H Ansari
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Christopher A Dacko
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Björn C G Söderberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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Zhang Y, McArdle IW, Hubbard JW, Akhmedov NG, Söderberg BC. Total synthesis of the tetracyclic indole alkaloid ht-13-A. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xiao M, Wu W, Wei L, Jin X, Yao X, Xie Z. Total synthesis of (−)-isatisine A via a biomimetic benzilic acid rearrangement. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang Y, Hubbard JW, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Söderberg BCG. Total Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Indole Alkaloid Ht-13-B. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4783-90. [PMID: 25816174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeremiah W. Hubbard
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Björn C. G. Söderberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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Designing Phase Selectively Soluble Polymer-Supports for Dimethylaminopyridine and Phosphine-Ligated Pd(0) Catalysts. Top Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-014-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nishiyama Y, Umeda R, Nishimoto Y, Mashino T. Synthesis of Indoles: Sulfur-Assisted Reaction of 2-Nitrostilbenes with Carbon Monoxide. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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R. Suárez Castillo O, Meléndez-Rodríguez M, Aristeo-Dominguez A, M. A. Contreras-Martínez Y, Suárez-Ramírez L, Trejo-Carbajal N, Joseph-Nathan P. Dimethyldioxirane Oxidation of N-Substituted-2-methylindoles to Indoxyls and Bisindoxyls. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu W, Xiao M, Wang J, Li Y, Xie Z. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (−)-Isatisine A. Org Lett 2012; 14:1624-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mingxing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Cummings MM, Clawson RW, Sharma SB, Byerly RA, Akhmedov NG, Söderberg BC. An expedient synthesis of salviadione. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Banini SR, Turner MR, Cummings MM, Söderberg BC. A base-modulated chemoselective synthesis of 3-cyanoindoles or 4-cyanoquinolines using a palladium-catalyzed N-heterocyclization. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2009. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Higuchi K, Sato Y, Kojima S, Tsuchimochi M, Sugiura K, Hatori M, Kawasaki T. Preparation of 2,2-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ones via oxidation of 2-substituted indoles and Mannich-type reaction. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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