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Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H. Effect of Direct Alkyne Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of Two Novel Octasubstituted Zinc Phthalocyanines. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300295. [PMID: 38279590 PMCID: PMC11230919 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two novel phthalonitrile derivatives (3-4) bearing ethynylcyclohex-1-ene and ethynylcyclohexane groups and two peripherally octa substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (5-6) were prepared. The synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives was performed with Sonagashira coupling reaction by using palladium-catalyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, NMR, mass, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. Aggregation studies of 5 and 6 were performed in various organic solvents and different concentrations in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photophysical studies of the Pcs were performed in THF to determine the effect of the alkyne groups on the fluorescence of the Pc ring. Substances showing fluorescence properties can be used in practical applications such as to create an image in microscopy. Fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and fluorescence lifetime (τF) of 5-6 were calculated. The fluorescence quenching studies of 5-6 were performed by adding the different concentrations of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) to a constant concentration of the Pcs in THF and it was found that benzoquinone was an effective quencher. The values of the Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) and quenching constant (kq) of zinc phthalocyanines (5-6) were examined. All obtained results were compared with each other and with unsubstituted zinc Pc compound used as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Pekbelgin Karaoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Pucelik B, Barzowska A, Sułek A, Werłos M, Dąbrowski JM. Refining antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: effect of charge distribution and central metal ion in fluorinated porphyrins on effective control of planktonic and biofilm bacterial forms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:539-560. [PMID: 38457119 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a pressing global health challenge, now acknowledged as a critical concern within the framework of One Health. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDI) offers an attractive, non-invasive approach known for its flexibility, independence from microbial resistance patterns, broad-spectrum efficacy, and minimal risk of inducing resistance. Various photosensitizers, including porphyrin derivatives have been explored for pathogen eradication. In this context, we present the synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical characteristics as well as antimicrobial properties of a palladium(II)-porphyrin derivative (PdF2POH), along with its zinc(II)- and free-base counterparts (ZnF2POH and F2POH, respectively). Our findings reveal that the palladium(II)-porphyrin complex can be classified as an excellent generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), encompassing both singlet oxygen (Φ△ = 0.93) and oxygen-centered radicals. The ability of photosensitizers to generate ROS was assessed using a variety of direct (luminescence measurements) and indirect techniques, including specific fluorescent probes both in solution and in microorganisms during the PDI procedure. We investigated the PDI efficacy of F2POH, ZnF2POH, and PdF2POH against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. All tested compounds proved high activity against Gram-positive species, with PdF2POH exhibiting superior efficacy, leading to up to a 6-log reduction in S. aureus viability. Notably, PdF2POH-mediated PDI displayed remarkable effectiveness against S. aureus biofilm, a challenging target due to its complex structure and increased resistance to conventional treatments. Furthermore, our results show that PDI with PdF2POH is more selective for bacterial than for mammalian cells, particularly at lower light doses (up to 5 J/cm2 of blue light illumination). This enhanced efficacy of PdF2POH-mediated PDI as compared to ZnF2POH and F2POH can be attributed to more pronounced ROS generation by palladium derivative via both types of photochemical mechanisms (high yields of singlet oxygen generation as well as oxygen-centered radicals). Additionally, PDI proved effective in eliminating bacteria within S. aureus-infected human keratinocytes, inhibiting infection progression while preserving the viability and integrity of infected HaCaT cells. These findings underscore the potential of metalloporphyrins, particularly the Pd(II)-porphyrin complex, as promising photosensitizers for PDI in various bacterial infections, warranting further investigation in advanced infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Sułek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Werłos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Schneider L, Kalt M, Koch S, Sithamparanathan S, Villiger V, Mattiat J, Kradolfer F, Slyshkina E, Luber S, Bonmarin M, Maake C, Spingler B. BODIPY-Based Photothermal Agents with Excellent Phototoxic Indices for Cancer Treatment. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4534-4544. [PMID: 36780327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report six novel, easily accessible BODIPY-based agents for cancer treatment. In contrast to established photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents, these BODIPY-based compounds show additional photothermal activity and their cytotoxicity is not dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The agents show high photocytotoxicity upon irradiation with light and low dark toxicity in different cancer cell lines in 2D culture as well as in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). The ratio of dark to light toxicity (phototoxic index, PI) of these agents reaches striking values exceeding 830,000 after irradiation with energetically low doses of light at 630 nm. The oxygen-dependent mechanism of action (MOA) of established photosensitizers (PSs) hampers effective clinical deployment of these agents. Under hypoxic conditions (0.2% O2), which are known to limit the efficiency of conventional PSs in solid tumors, photocytotoxicity was induced at the same concentration levels, indicating an oxygen-independent photothermal MOA. With a PI exceeding 360,000 under hypoxic conditions, both PI values are the highest reported to date. We anticipate that small molecule agents with a photothermal MOA, such as the BODIPY-based compounds reported in this work, may overcome this barrier and provide a new avenue to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kalt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Veronika Villiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johann Mattiat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Kradolfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Bonmarin
- School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Şahal H. Zinc(II) phthalocyanine substituted by sulfonamide derivative: Photophysical and photochemical properties. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Gümrükçü Köse G, Keser Karaoğlan G. Synthesis of a novel axially substituted silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer for efficient singlet oxygen generation by comparing PDT and SPDT studies. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Karaoğlan GK. Synthesis of a novel zinc phthalocyanine with peripherally coordinated Ru(II) complexes; sono-photochemical, photochemical and photophysical studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Çol S, Emirik M, Alım Z, Baran A. Physical–chemical studies of new, versatile carbazole derivatives and zinc complexes: Their synthesis, investigation of
in–vitro
inhibitory effects on
α
–glucosidase and human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyye Çol
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Sakarya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emirik
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Rize Turkey
| | - Zuhal Alım
- Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Kırşehir Turkey
| | - Arif Baran
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department Sakarya Turkey
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8
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Karakılıç E, Alım Z, Günel A, Baran A. A versatile study of novel A3B-type unsymmetric zinc(II) phthalocyanines containing thiazolidin-4-one: Their, carbonic anhydrase I, II isoenzymes, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Dilber G, Nas A, Pişkin M, Durmuş M. Asymmetrically tetra-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives: synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-022-00499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Demirbaş Ü, Yanık H, Akçay HT, Durmuş M, Bekircan O, Kantekin H. Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties of peripherally tetra-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio substituted metal-free phthalocyanine and its zinc(II) and lead(II) derivatives. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2053846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Demirbaş
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hülya Yanık
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Türker Akçay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Olcay Bekircan
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Halit Kantekin
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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11
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Karakılıç E, Alım Z, Emirik M, Baran A. Some characteristics of new and innovative COX inhibitor derivatives: Potent hCA‐I and hCA‐II inhibitors supported by molecular docking studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Karakılıç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
| | - Zuhal Alım
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emirik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts RecepTayyip Erdoğan University Rize Turkey
| | - Arif Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
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12
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Volov AN, Volov NA, Burtsev ID. New amphiphilic platinum(II) phthalocyanine with peracetylated β-galactose moiety – Synthesis and photophysical properties. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Gomes ATPC, Neves MGPMS, Fernandes R, Ribeiro CF, Cavaleiro JAS, Moura NMM. Unraveling the Photodynamic Activity of Cationic Benzoporphyrin-Based Photosensitizers against Bladder Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5312. [PMID: 34500746 PMCID: PMC8434352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the preparation of new mono-charged benzoporphyrin complexes by reaction of the appropriate neutral benzoporphyrin with (2,2'-bipyridine)dichloroplatinum(II) and of the analogs' derivatives synthesized through alkylation of the neutral scaffold with iodomethane. All derivatives were incorporated into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) micelles. The ability of the resultant formulations to generate reactive oxygen species was evaluated, mainly the singlet oxygen formation. Then, the capability of the PVP formulations to act as photosensitizers against bladder cancer cells was assessed. Some of the studied formulations were the most active photosensitizers causing a decrease in HT-1376 cells' viability. This creates an avenue to further studies related to bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.R.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.R.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos F. Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.R.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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14
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Yüzeroğlu M, Keser Karaoğlan G, Gümrükçü Köse G, Erdoğmuş A. Synthesis of new zinc phthalocyanines including schiff base and halogen; photophysical, photochemical, and fluorescence quenching studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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KALKAN BURAT A, PEKBELGİN KARAOĞLU HR. Photophysical properties of a newly synthesized unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.870010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Aktas Kamiloglu A. Photochemical properties of fluoro-chalcone substituted peripherally tetra Zn(II)Pc and Mg(II)Pc. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-020-01040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Özdemir M, Köksoy B, Yalçın B, Taşkın T, Selçuki NA, Salan Ü, Durmuş M, Bulut M. Novel lutetium(III) phthalocyanine-coumarin dyads; synthesis, characterization, photochemical, theoretical and antioxidant properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Synthesis, characterization and photophysicochemical properties of peripherally tetra-substituted phthalocyanines bearing carboxylic acid moieties. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Padrutt R, Babu V, Klingler S, Kalt M, Schumer F, Anania MI, Schneider L, Spingler B. Highly Phototoxic Transplatin-Modified Distyryl-BODIPY Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:694-701. [PMID: 33164336 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the first transplatin-BODIPY conjugates for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The distyryl BODIPYs containing two iodine atoms were designed to absorb in the red region, easily undergo intersystem crossing for efficient singlet oxygen generation, and additionally offer the possibility for coordination with mono-activated transplatin. We were able to demonstrate that coordination of the BODIPYs with a mono-activated transplatin increases the phototoxic index of the photosensitizers significantly, giving rise to highly phototoxic distyryl BODIPY derivatives, of which one was shown to have the highest ever reported phototoxic index against any cell line. Furthermore, the photophysical mechanism of singlet oxygen generation in distyryl BODIPYs undergoing intramolecular charge transfer was studied experimentally and using time-dependent density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Padrutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vipin Babu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kalt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schumer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria I Anania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Alam KM, Kumar P, Gusarov S, Kobryn AE, Kalra AP, Zeng S, Goswami A, Thundat T, Shankar K. Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Phthalocyanine-Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Conjugates: Toward Highly Functional CNCs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43992-44006. [PMID: 32530267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report highly fluorescent cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) formed by conjugating a carboxylated zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to two different types of CNCs. The conjugated nanocrystals (henceforth called ZnPc@CNCs) were bright green in color and exhibited absorption and emission maxima at ∼690 and ∼715 nm, respectively. The esterification protocol employed to covalently bind carboxylated ZnPc to surface hydroxyl group rich CNCs was expected to result in a monolayer of ZnPc on the surface of the CNCs. However, dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies indicated a large increase in the hydrodynamic radius of CNCs following conjugation to ZnPc, which suggests the binding of multiple ZnPc molecular layers on the CNC surface. This binding could be through co-facial π-stacking of ZnPc, where ZnPc metallophthalocyanine rings are horizontal to the CNC surface. The other possible binding mode would give rise to conjugated systems where ZnPc metallophthalocyanine rings are oriented vertically on the CNC surface. Density functional theory based calculations showed stable geometry following the conjugation protocol that involved covalently attached ester bond formation. The conjugates demonstrated superior performance for potential sensing applications through higher photoluminescence quenching capabilities compared to pristine ZnPc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander E Kobryn
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Aarat P Kalra
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ankur Goswami
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 11016, India
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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21
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Murali krishnan M, Baskaran S, Arumugham MN. Photophysical properties and theoretical photosensitization mechanism of non-peripherally dodecyloxy substituted metallophthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1815775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Murali krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. N. Arumugham
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Ghazal B, Ewies EF, Youssef ASA, Makhseed S. Photo-physicochemical properties of water-soluble non-aggregated indium(III) phthalocyanines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118244. [PMID: 32199313 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines have interesting optoelectronic properties but typically suffer from aggregation in aqueous solution, which can limit their applicability, especially in photodynamic therapy. In this study, indium(III) phthalocyanine peripherally substituted with eight triazolyl-containing phenoxy groups (InOAc) and its water-soluble analogue (Q-InOAc) were synthesised and structurally characterised. Heavy metal effects, exerted by the central indium ion, on the photosensitising and photophysical properties (singlet oxygen quantum yield, singlet state lifetime and quantum yield, and triplet state lifetime) were investigated in both DMF and D2O. Highly efficient generation of the triplet excited state (T1), induced by the incorporation of a large atom, enhanced singlet oxygen formation, as revealed by both chemical and physical methods. Correspondingly, the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) of Q-InOAc was 0.603 in DMF and 0.433 in D2O. These values are higher than those previously reported for the corresponding metal-free, Mg-based, and Zn-based water-soluble phthalocyanines (HH, Mg, and Zn). Consequently, Q-InOAc is expected to be an excellent photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Ghazal
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait; Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ewies F Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S A Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saad Makhseed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
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23
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Novel metallophthalocyanines with bulky 4-[3,4-bis(benzyloxy)benzylidene]aminophenoxy substituents. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Gonzalez ACS, Damas L, Aroso RT, Tomé VA, Dias LD, Pina J, Carrilho RMB, Pereira MM. Monoterpene-based metallophthalocyanines: Sustainable synthetic approaches and photophysical studies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-substituted zinc(II) and copper(II) phthalocyanines bearing peripheral alkoxy-monoterpene groups were prepared by conventional vs. non-conventional synthetic approaches (ultrasound and microwave irradiation). The synthesis of (1[Formula: see text]-(–)-myrtenol (a) and (1[Formula: see text],2[Formula: see text],5[Formula: see text]-([Formula: see text]-menthol (b) derived phthalonitrile precursors was performed through ipso-nitro aromatic substitution reactions, with optimal conditions being obtained using ultrasound irradiation, which allowed us to achieve full conversions in 4.5 h, with isolated yields up to 74%. The subsequent cyclotetramerization of monoterpene-based phthalonitriles was carried out using Zn(II) or Cu(II) salts as metal templates, and also using conventional and non-conventional heating methods. Microwave-assisted synthesis was shown to be the most efficient approach, providing complete conversions in 1 h, yielding the target monoterpene-based metallophthalocyanines in up to 70% isolated yields. Furthermore, photophysical and photochemical studies revealed that Zn(II) phthalocyanines possess fluorescence quantum yields in the range of [Formula: see text] 0.27–0.29, while Cu(II) phthalocyanines exhibited room temperature phosphorescence. In addition, the monoterpene-based Zn(II) phthalocyanines led to high singlet oxygen quantum yields ([Formula: see text] 0.55–0.69).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C. S. Gonzalez
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Damas
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael T. Aroso
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A. Tomé
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucas D. Dias
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590, São Carlos — SP, Brazil
| | - João Pina
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M. B. Carrilho
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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Demirbaş Ü, Özçifçi Z, Akçay HT, Menteşe E. Novel phthalocyanines bearing 1,2,4 triazole substituents: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H, Kalkan Burat A. α- and β-Substituted Metal-Free Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E363. [PMID: 31963102 PMCID: PMC7024180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel phthalonitrile derivatives, bearing two hexyloxy groups and a benzodioxin (or a naphthodioxin) annulated ring, along with their corresponding metal-free phthalocyanines (H2Pc) were prepared. FT-IR, mass, electronic absorption, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of all compounds. The effect of hexadeca substituents on the photophysical properties of metal-free Pcs was investigated. Photophysical properties of H2Pc were studied in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Fluorescent quantum yields of phthalocyanines (Pcs) were calculated and compared with the unsubstituted phthalocyanine. 1,4-Benzoquinone effectively quenched the fluorescence of these compounds in THF. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry methods were applied to metal-free phthalocyanines and Pc-centered oxidation and reduction processes were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayfer Kalkan Burat
- Chemistry Department, Technical University of Istanbul, İstanbul TR34469, Turkey
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27
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Kahriman N, Ünver Y, Akçay HT, Gülmez AD, Durmuş M, Değirmencioğlu İ. Photophysical and photochemical study on novel axially chalcone substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanines. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Baran A, Çol S, Karakılıç E, Özen F. Photophysical, photochemical and DNA binding studies of prepared phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Potential photosensitizer candidates for PDT including 7-oxy-3-thiomethylphenyl coumarino-phthalocyanines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Sevim AM, Temizel S. Synthesis and photophysical properties of A3B-type non-symmetrically substituted anthracene-based zinc(II) phthalocyanine. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.633901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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31
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Bächle F, Siemens N, Ziegler T. Glycoconjugated Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers for PDT – Overcoming Aggregation in Solution. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bächle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Nikolai Siemens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology University of Greifswald Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 8 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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32
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Özdemir M, Karapınar B, Yalçın B, Salan Ü, Durmuş M, Bulut M. Synthesis and characterization of novel 7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin substituted metallo phthalocyanines and investigation of their photophysical and photochemical properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13046-13056. [PMID: 31407759 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02687h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of novel 7-hydroxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin (1), four respective phthalonitriles; 4-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (2), 3-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (3), 4-chloro-5-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (4), and 4,5-bis(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (5) and their corresponding alpha tetra, beta tetra and beta octa 7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin and beta octa 4-chloro-5-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin) substituted Zn(ii) (6a-9a) and In(iii) Cl (6b-9b) phthalocyanines has been performed. The novel purified compounds were characterized by standard characterization techniques such as elemental analysis, thermal analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. All of the obtained phthalocyanines showed lipophilic behaviour with excellent solubility in organic solvents such as acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, pyridine and ethyl acetate. The fluorescence quenching behaviour was investigated using 1,4-benzoquinone and potassium iodide as quenchers. The photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yields) properties of these novel phthalocyanines (6a-9a and 6b-9b) were studied in DMF. They produced high singlet oxygen (for example ΦΔ = 0.99 for 7b) and showed appropriate photodegradation (in the order of 10-5) which is very important for photodynamic therapy (PDT), and thus these phthalocyanines can be used as Type II photosensitizers in PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Özdemir
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Begümhan Karapınar
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahattin Yalçın
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ümit Salan
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
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33
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Farajzadeh N, Karaoğlu HP, Akin M, Saki N, Koçak MB. Synthesis, Photophysical and Biological Properties of New Phthalocyanines Bearing Peripherally 4‐(Trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy Groups. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469 TURKEY
| | | | - Mustafa Akin
- Department of ChemistryKocaeli University, Umuttepe, Kocaeli 41380 TURKEY
| | - Neslihan Saki
- Department of ChemistryKocaeli University, Umuttepe, Kocaeli 41380 TURKEY
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469 TURKEY
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34
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Boyar CY, Çamur M. Novel water soluble 7-oxy-4-(pyridine-3-yl)coumarin substituted phthalocyanines as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H, Kalkan Burat A. Synthesis and photophysical properties of usymmetrically substituted phthalocyanine-pyrene conjugate. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.572013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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36
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Dilber G, Altunparmak H, Nas A, Kantekin H, Durmuş M. The peripheral and non-peripheral 2H-benzotriazole substituted phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical studies of zinc derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 217:128-140. [PMID: 30928838 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the novel 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)methoxy substituted novel phthalonitrile compounds (2 and 6) were synthesized. Their non-peripheral and peripheral zinc (II) (3 and 7), manganese (III) (4 and 8) and copper (II) (5 and 9) phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized for the first time. These novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MALDI-TOF mass. Also, photochemical and photophysical properties of non-peripheral and peripheral substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (3 and 7) were investigated for determination of photodynamic therapy applications of these phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsev Dilber
- Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, 61750 Macka, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hasan Altunparmak
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Asiye Nas
- Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, 61750 Macka, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Halit Kantekin
- Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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37
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Velazquez FN, Miretti M, Baumgartner MT, Caputto BL, Tempesti TC, Prucca CG. Effectiveness of ZnPc and of an amine derivative to inactivate Glioblastoma cells by Photodynamic Therapy: an in vitro comparative study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3010. [PMID: 30816179 PMCID: PMC6395748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is considered to be one of the most aggressive types of tumors of the central nervous system, with a poor prognosis and short survival periods of ~ one year. The current protocol for glioblastoma treatment includes the surgical excision of the primary tumor followed by radio and chemotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of several types of tumors. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are good photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT because they induce cell death in several cellular models. ZnPc (Zn(II)phthalocyanine) is a well-known Pc, extensively tested in different cells and tumor models, but its evaluation on a glioblastoma model has been poorly studied. Herein, we compare the capacity of ZnPc and one of its derivatives, Zn(II)tetraminephthalocyanine (TAZnPc), to photoinactivate glioblastoma cells (T98G, MO59, LN229 and U87-MG) in culture. We measured the cellular uptake, the toxicity in the dark and the subcellular localization of the different Pcs, as well as the clonogenic capacity of surviving cells after PDT. The mechanism of cell death induced after PDT was determined by measuring caspase 3 activation, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial morphological changes and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as lysosomal membrane integrity. Overall, ZnPc and TAZnPc present good properties to be used as PSs with photoinactivation capacity on glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola N Velazquez
- CIQUIBIC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Miretti
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria T Baumgartner
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz L Caputto
- CIQUIBIC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tomas C Tempesti
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - César G Prucca
- CIQUIBIC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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38
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Okoth EA, Zhou Z, Ongarora B, Stutes A, Mathis JM, Vicente MGH. Synthesis and investigation of phthalocyanine-biotin conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019; 23:125-135. [PMID: 33132689 PMCID: PMC7598017 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An isothiocyanato-functionalized phthalocyanine (Pc) was synthesized in good yield from the corresponding amine-substituted Pc. This Pc reacted with ethanolamine, biotin hydrazine, and biotin diethylamine under mild conditions (room temperature in DMF or DMSO in the presence of TEA) to produce the corresponding thiourea products in 60-75% yields. All Pcs showed intense Q absorptions in DMF around 677 nm, emissions centered at 683 nm, and fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.18-0.27. The Pcs were phototoxic to human carcinoma HEp2 cells (IC50 ~ 7 at 1.5 J/cm2) and localized in multiple organelles, including the lysosomes, Golgi and ER. One biotin-Pc conjugate was injected via tail vein into nude mice bearing HT-29 tumors and demonstrated selective localization in the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Okoth
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Benson Ongarora
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Alyssa Stutes
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J. Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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39
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Husain A, Ganesan A, Ghazal B, Durmuş M, Zhang XF, Makhseed S. Dual-directional alkyne-terminated macrocycles: Enroute to non-aggregating molecular platforms. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatized phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their heteroatom analogues, azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs), bearing a variety of highly active ligands, have many advantageous properties that make them suitable as novel macrocyclic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Husain
- Department of Chemistry
- Kuwait University
- Safat
- Kuwait
| | | | - Basma Ghazal
- Department of Chemistry
- Kuwait University
- Safat
- Kuwait
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 41400 Gebze-Kocaeli
- Turkey
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40
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Awaji AI, Köksoy B, Durmuş M, Aljuhani A, Alraqa SY. Novel Hexadeca-Substituted Metal Free and Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines; Design, Synthesis and Photophysicochemical Properties. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010077. [PMID: 30587817 PMCID: PMC6337579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of a novel 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octahexyloxy-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl) phthalocyanine (3a) and its zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative (3b) have been described and characterized by elemental analysis,¹H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, mass, UV-Vis and FT-IR. The newly prepared metal-free phthalocyanine and its zinc(II) counterpart are soluble in most organic solvents. The photophysical and photochemical properties such as aggregation, fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation under light irradiation of these phthalocyanines have been investigated in DMF. The hexadeca-substituted phthalocyanines (3a and 3b) showed longer absorption and emission wavelength values when compared to that of reported phthalocyanine derivatives due to substitution of the all possible positions in the phthalocyanine framework. The zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative does not only have a good singlet oxygen generation but also has other photophysicochemical properties that enables this phthalocyanine to be useful as a photosensitizer for cancer treatment using photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub I Awaji
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Munawrah, P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Baybars Köksoy
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Munawrah, P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaya Y Alraqa
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al Munawrah, P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, and photochemical properties of chalcone-containing metallophthalocyanine compounds. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Hışır A, Köse GG, Atmaca GY, Erdoğmuş A, Karaoğlan GK. Novel carboxylic acid terminated silicon(IV) and zinc(II) phthalocyanine photosensitizers: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the efficacy of photochemical properties for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications, carboxylic acid groups axially conjugated with silicon(IV) and at the peripheral position with zinc(II) phthalocyanine skeletons for new photosensitizers to investigate the influence of the COOH group positions on the photophysicochemical performance are described in this study. Silicon (IV) (3 and 5) and zinc (II) (7) phthalocyanines were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS and elemental analysis spectral data. Furthermore, the photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence quenching studies), photochemical (photodegradation and singlet oxygen generation) and aggregation properties of the newly synthesized phthalocyanines were investigated in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. The results were compared with that of zinc and silicon phthalocyanines. Singlet oxygen quantum yields ranged from 0.23 to 0.63 via Type II mechanism under the experimental conditions studied. The fluorescence of the phthalocyanine complexes (3, 5 and 7) is effectively quenched by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in DMSO, DMF and THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hışır
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Gümrükcü Köse
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kantekin H, Yalazan H, Kahriman N, Ertem B, Serdaroğlu V, Pişkin M, Durmuş M. New peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted metal-free, magnesium(II) and zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivatives fused chalcone units: Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, photochemistry and photophysics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Karaoğlu HRP, Yenilmez HY, Koçak MB. Phthalocyanines formed from several precursors: synthesis, characterization, and comparative fluorescence and quinone quenching. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1471686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makbule B. Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kuruca H, Köksoy B, Karapınar B, Durmuş M, Bulut M. Zinc(II) and chloroindium(III) phthalocyanines bearing ethyl 7-oxy-6-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-3-propanoate groups: Synthesis, characterization and investigation of their photophysicochemical properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ethyl 7-hydroxy-6-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-3-propanoate (1), ethyl 7-(2,3-dicyanophenoxy)-6-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-3-propanoate (2), ethyl 7-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-6-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-3-propanoate (3), ethyl 4-chloro-5-(7-oxy-6-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-3-propanoate)phthalonitrile (4) were synthesized. The phthalonitrile derivatives (2, 3 and 4) were converted to their peripheral tetra, non-peripheral tetra and peripheral chlorocta substituted zinc(II) and chloroindium phthalocyanine derivatives. All novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, [Formula: see text]H-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectral data. Additionally, the spectral, photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation under light irradiation) properties of the resulting substituted phthalocyaninatozinc(II) and indium(III) chloride complexes (5–10) were investigated in DMF, and the obtained results were compared for determination of the effects of the substituents’ positions and the variety of the central metal atom on these properties. The fluorescence quenching behavior of these phthalocyanines (5–10) were also investigated using 1,4-benzoquinone as a quencher. The obtained ethyl 7-oxy-6-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-3-propanoate bearing phthalocyaninatozinc(II) (5, 7 and 9) and indium(III) chloride (6, 8 and 10) complexes showed excellent solubility in most organic solvents. They produced high singlet-oxygen and showed appropriate photodegradation which is very important for photodynamic therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halid Kuruca
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baybars Köksoy
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Begümhan Karapınar
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey
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Özçeşmeci İ, Büyük P, Nar I, Gül A. Synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical properties of novel unsymmetrical phthalocyanines with a Sudan IV moiety. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel, A[Formula: see text]B type unsymmetrical metal-free and metallophthalocyanines bearing one aza dye group Sudan IV and three nitro terminal moieties was achieved by cyclotetramerization of novel 4-((1-((E)-(2-methyl-4-((E)-[Formula: see text]-tolyldiazenyl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen-2-yl)oxy)phthalonitrile and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The new unsymmetrical metal-free and metallophthalocyanines have been characterized using elemental analyses, [Formula: see text]H NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis and mass spectroscopic data. The aggregation properties of the compounds were investigated in a concentration range of 1.0 × 10[Formula: see text] M–6.25 × 10[Formula: see text] M. General trends were also studied for fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of these phthalocyanine compounds in tetrahydrofuran. The fluorescence of the synthesized unsymmetrical metal-free and metallophthalocyanines is effectively quenched by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in THF. In-depth investigation of the electrochemical properties showed that nitro groups extended the reduction potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Özçeşmeci
- Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
| | - Pınar Büyük
- Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
| | - Ilgın Nar
- Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Technical University of Istanbul, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, TR34469, Turkey
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Günsel A, Güzel E, Bilgiçli AT, Şişman İ, Yarasir MN. Synthesis of non-peripheral thioanisole-substituted phthalocyanines: Photophysical, electrochemical, photovoltaic, and sensing properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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M. Murali K, S. B, M.N. A. Photochemical and DFT/TD-DFT study of trifluoroethoxy substituted asymmetric metal-free and copper(II) phthalocyanines. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen S, Xiang B, Zou X, Zhou Y. Synthesis and exploration of triazine ultraviolet absorbers with surface enrichment property. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Büyükekşi SI, Topal SZ, Atilla D. Novel Silicon Phthalocyanines Bearing Triethylene Glycol Groups: Photophysical and Photochemical Properties as well as pH-Induced Spectral Behaviour. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1257-1266. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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