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Anionic Polymerization Using Flow Microreactors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081532. [PMID: 31003462 PMCID: PMC6514773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors are expected to make a revolutionary change in chemical synthesis involving various fields of polymer synthesis. In fact, extensive flow microreactor studies have opened up new possibilities in polymer chemistry including cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. This review provides an overview of flow microreactors in anionic polymerization and their various applications.
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Lai J, Tian L, Huo X, Zhang Y, Xie X, Tang S. Metal-Free Difunctionalization of Alkynes with 2-Chlorodithiane for Synthesis of β-Ketodithianes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5894-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Lai
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic
Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixia Tian
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic
Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Huo
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic
Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic
Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingang Xie
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic
Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouchu Tang
- School of Pharmacy and ‡State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic
Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu C, Tang C, Cao Z, He W, Chen Y, Chen X, Guo K, Ying H. Fully Automated Continuous Meso-flow Synthesis of 5′-Nucleotides and Deoxynucleotides. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zhu
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chenglun Tang
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei He
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
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Yoshida JI, Nagaki A, Yamada D. Continuous flow synthesis. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 10:e53-9. [PMID: 24050230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a brief outline of continuous flow synthesis including the advantages of the flow method, serial combinatorial synthesis in flow, space integration of reactions, and reactions that cannot be done in batch to show that continuous flow synthesis will be a powerful and indispensable technology for pharmaceutical research and production.
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Abstract
The development and application of continuous flow chemistry methods for synthesis is a rapidly growing area of research. In particular, natural products provide demanding challenges to this developing technology. This review highlights successes in the area with an emphasis on new opportunities and technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Pastre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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A flow-microreactor approach to protecting-group-free synthesis using organolithium compounds. Nat Commun 2011; 2:264. [PMID: 21468016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting-group-free synthesis has received significant recent research interest in the context of ideal synthesis and green sustainable chemistry. In general, organolithium species react with ketones very rapidly, and therefore ketone carbonyl groups should be protected before an organolithium reaction, if they are not involved in the desired transformation. If organolithium chemistry could be free from such a limitation, its power would be greatly enhanced. Here we show that a flow microreactor enables such protecting-group-free organolithium reactions by greatly reducing the residence time (0.003 s or less). Aryllithium species bearing ketone carbonyl groups are generated by iodine-lithium exchange reactions of the corresponding aryl iodides with mesityllithium and are reacted with various electrophiles using a flow-microreactor system. The present method has been successfully applied to the formal synthesis of Pauciflorol F.
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Wang Y, Bi X, Li WQ, Li D, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Ondon BS. Iron-Catalyzed Aminolysis of β-Carbonyl 1,3-Dithianes: Synthesis of Stereodefined β-Enaminones and 3,4-Disubstituted Pyrazoles. Org Lett 2011; 13:1722-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200246x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, and Physical Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, and Physical Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei-Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, and Physical Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dehua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, and Physical Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, and Physical Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, and Physical Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Brim Stevy Ondon
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China, and Physical Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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