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Silva-Reis SC, Sampaio-Dias IE, Costa VM, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, García-Mera X, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Concise Overview of Glypromate Neuropeptide Research: From Chemistry to Pharmacological Applications in Neurosciences. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:554-572. [PMID: 36735764 PMCID: PMC9936549 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a serious health concern worldwide, with a particular incidence in developed countries as a result of life expectancy increase and the absence of restorative treatments. Presently, treatments for these neurological conditions are focused on managing the symptoms and/or slowing down their progression. As so, the research on novel neuroprotective drugs is of high interest. Glypromate (glycyl-l-prolyl-l-glutamic acid, also known as GPE), an endogenous small peptide widespread in the brain, holds great promise to tackle neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's, s well as other CNS-related disorders like Rett and Down's syndromes. However, the limited pharmacokinetic properties of Glypromate hinder its clinical application. As such, intense research has been devoted to leveraging the pharmacokinetic profile of this neuropeptide. This review aims to offer an updated perspective on Glypromate research by exploring the vast array of chemical derivatizations of more than 100 analogs described in the literature over the past two decades. The collection and discussion of the most relevant structure-activity relationships will hopefully guide the discovery of new Glypromate-based neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal,UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal,
| | - Vera M. Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,Associate
Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xavier Cruz Correia
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo F. Costa-Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Sampaio-Dias IE, Silva-Reis SC, García-Mera X, Brea J, Loza MI, Alves CS, Algarra M, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Synthesis, Pharmacological, and Biological Evaluation of MIF-1 Picolinoyl Peptidomimetics as Positive Allosteric Modulators of D 2R. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3690-3702. [PMID: 31347842 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of picolinoyl-based peptidomimetics of melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor 1 (MIF-1) as dopamine modulating agents. Eight novel peptidomimetics were tested for their ability to enhance the maximal effect of tritiated N-propylapomorphine ([3H]-NPA) at dopamine D2 receptors (D2R). Methyl picolinoyl-l-valyl-l-alaninate (compound 6b) produced a statistically significant increase in the maximal [3H]-NPA response at 0.01 nM (11.9 ± 3.7%), which is close to the effect of MIF-1 in this assay at same concentration (18.3 ± 9.1%). Functional assays measuring cAMP mobilization in the presence of dopamine corroborate the activity of peptidomimetic 6b as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of D2R. In this assay, 6b produced a typical bell-shaped dose-response curve similar to that of the parent neuropeptide (18.3 ± 7.1% for 6b vs 15.4 ± 5.5% for MIF-1, both at 0.1 nM). Dose-response curves for dopamine in the presence of 6b show EC50 (0.33 ± 0.21 μM for 6b vs 0.17 ± 0.07 μM for MIF-1) and Emax (86.0 ± 5.4% for 6b vs 93.6 ± 4.4% for MIF-1) comparable to those of MIF-1, both at 0.01 nM. Furthermore, peptidomimetic 6b was tested for agonist activity at the human D2R and the results show that it displays no intrinsic agonism effect, endorsing its activity as a PAM of D2R. Cytotoxic and neurotoxic assays were performed for peptidomimetic 6b using HEK 293T cells and cortex neurons from 19 day old Wistar-Kyoto rat embryos, respectively, suggesting this analogue displays no toxicity effect in these assays up to 100 μM. Conformational energy minimization for 6b shows that this peptidomimetic cannot adopt the postulated type-II β-turn bioactive conformation, endorsing the possibility of an extended bioactive conformation as claimed by other researchers as a second bioactive conformation of MIF-1. Overall, the pharmacological and toxicological profile of peptidomimetic 6b together with its favorable druglike properties and structural simplicity makes it a potential lead compound for further development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carla S. Alves
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário
da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel Algarra
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário
da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Sampaio-Dias IE, Silva-Reis SC, Pinto da Silva L, García-Mera X, Maestro MA, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Mechanistic insights for the transprotection of tertiary amines with Boc2O via charged carbamates: access to both enantiomers of 2-azanorbornane-3-exo-carboxylic acids. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00957d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a synthetic methodology for the selective transprotection in hindered tertiary amines using Boc2O under N–C hydrogenolysis catalyzed by Pd/C: access to both enantiomers of 2-azanorbornane-3-exo-carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry-CICA
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Coruña
- A Coruña
- Spain
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
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Ferreira da Costa J, García-Mera X, Caamaño O, Brea JM, Loza MI. Synthesis by microwave-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,2,3-triazole 1'-homo-3'-isoazanucleosides and evaluation of their anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:212-20. [PMID: 26025141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Racemic 1'-homo-3'-isoazanucleosides have been obtained by microwave-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3,5-disubstituted proline derivative (±)-2 with different alkynes. The compounds obtained were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities in vitro against human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7), human ovary carcinoma cell lines (A2780) and human lung carcinoma cell lines (NCI-H460).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira da Costa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain; Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Facultade de Farmacia, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Olga Caamaño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain; Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Facultade de Farmacia, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Brea
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Facultade de Farmacia, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain; Centro de Investigación CIMUS, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, Facultade de Farmacia, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain; Centro de Investigación CIMUS, Campus Vida s/n, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ferreira da Costa J, Caamaño O, Fernández F, García-Mera X, Sampaio-Dias IE, Brea JM, Cadavid MI. Synthesis and allosteric modulation of the dopamine receptor by peptide analogs of l-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) modified in the l-proline or l-proline and l-leucine scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:146-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mancebo-Aracil J, Nájera C, Sansano JM. Microwave-assisted multicomponent diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ethyl glyoxylate derived azomethine ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:662-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sousa CA, Rizzo-Aguiar F, Vale MLC, García-Mera X, Caamaño O, Rodríguez-Borges JE. A route to selective functionalization of polyhydroxypyrrolidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A. Ciufolini M, Dylan Turner C. Useful Building Blocks for the Stereocontrolled Assembly of 2,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrrolidines. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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