1
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Mikra C, Mitrakas A, Ghizzani V, Katsani KR, Koffa M, Koukourakis M, Psomas G, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Fylaktakidou KC. Effect of Arylazo Sulfones on DNA: Binding, Cleavage, Photocleavage, Molecular Docking Studies and Interaction with A375 Melanoma and Non-Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031834. [PMID: 36768159 PMCID: PMC9915714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of arylazo sulfones, known to undergo N-S bond cleavage upon light exposure, has been synthesized, and their activity in the dark and upon irradiation towards DNA has been investigated. Their interaction with calf-thymus DNA has been examined, and the significant affinity observed (most probably due to DNA intercalation) was analyzed by means of molecular docking "in silico" calculations that pointed out polar contacts, mainly via the sulfonyl moiety. Incubation with plasmid pBluescript KS II revealed DNA cleavage that has been studied over time and concentration. UV-A irradiation considerably improved DNA damage for most of the compounds, whereas under visible light the effect was slightly lower. Moving to in vitro experiments, irradiation was found to slightly enhance the death of the cells in the majority of the compounds. Naphthylazosulfone 1 showed photo-disruptive effect under UV-A irradiation (IC50 ~13 μΜ) followed by derivatives 14 and 17 (IC50 ~100 μΜ). Those compounds were irradiated in the presence of two non-cancer cell lines and were found equally toxic only upon irradiation and not in the dark. The temporal and spatial control of light, therefore, might provide a chance for these novel scaffolds to be useful for the development of phototoxic pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Mikra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Achilleas Mitrakas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Virginia Ghizzani
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Katerina R. Katsani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Cell Cycle, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. Le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (K.C.F.)
| | - Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (K.C.F.)
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2
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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3
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Lin HS, Chen SJ, Huang JM. Electrosynthesis of (hetero)aryl nitriles from α-imino-oxy acids via oxidative decarboxylation/N-O cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8974-8977. [PMID: 35861309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of (hetero)aryl nitriles via iminyl radicals has been developed through the electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation of α-imino-oxy acids. This protocol provides an efficient approach to nitriles with a broad range of functional-group tolerance under ambient conditions and can be applied for one-pot gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Shu-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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4
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Váňa L, Jakubec M, Sýkora J, Císařová I, Storch J, Církva V. Synthesis of Aza[ n]phenacenes ( n = 4-6) via Photocyclodehydrochlorination of 2-Chloro- N-aryl-1-naphthamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13252-13264. [PMID: 34533022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the synthesis of aza[n]phenacenes was successfully developed utilizing photocyclodehydrochlorination reaction of 2-chloro-N-aryl-1-naphthamides. In these key intermediates, the factors influencing the photoreaction were studied. The target aza[n]phenacenes were obtained by triflation or chlorination from prepared phenanthridinones, followed by hydrogenation. The introduction of a nitrogen atom into a phenacene skeleton induced changes in the physicochemical properties. The important properties of prepared aza[n]phenacenes (n = 4-6) were studied experimentally and by density functional theory calculations and were compared to those of their carbo analogues. Furthermore, some important features of the crystalline aza[n]phenacenes were investigated, including intermolecular interaction in the crystal lattice and the increased solubility or decreased melting points.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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5
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Latrache M, Hoffmann N. Photochemical radical cyclization reactions with imines, hydrazones, oximes and related compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7418-7435. [PMID: 34047736 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions are a key method to generate radical intermediates. Often under these conditions no toxic reagents are necessary. During recent years, photo-redox catalytic reactions considerably push this research domain. These reaction conditions are particularly mild and safe which enables the transformation of poly-functional substrates into complex products. The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is particularly important since they play an important role in the research of biologically active products. In this review, photochemical radical cyclization reactions of imines and related compounds such as oximes, hydrazones and chloroimines are presented. Reaction mechanisms are discussed and the structural diversity and complexity of the products are presented. Radical intermediates are mainly generated in two ways: (1) electronic excitation is achieved by light absorption of the substrates. (2) The application of photoredox catalysis is now systematically studied for these reactions. Recently, also excitation of charge transfer complexes has been studied in this context from many perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
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6
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Aksenov NA, Gasanova AZ, Prokonov FY, Aksenov DA, Abakarov GM, Aksenov AV. Synthesis of 11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolines by SnCl4-catalyzed cyclization of indole-3-carbaldehyde oximes. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Kaur N, Devi M, Verma Y, Grewal P, Bhardwaj P, Ahlawat N, Jangid NK. Photochemical Synthesis of Fused Five-membered O-heterocycles. CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2213346106666190904145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some transformations are not possible with ground-state reactions even in the presence of a
catalyst, hence they are performed under photochemical conditions. Electron transfer occurs even with
the photochemical excitement of one molecule where redox reaction is not possible at the ground
state. The side products are obtained from ground-state reactions. For C-C bond formation during photochemical
reactions, there is no requirement of any chemical activation of the substrates. Therefore,
these reactions are presented here for the synthesis of fused five-membered O-heterocycles in the context
of sustainable processes from 1964 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Meenu Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Pranshu Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
| | - Neha Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022 (Rajasthan), India
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8
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Ke Q, Yan G, Yu J, Wu X. Recent advances in the direct functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5863-5881. [PMID: 31157814 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The direct C3-functionalization of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via C-H bond activation has recently attracted considerable attention, due to their diverse biological activities and chemical properties. This review will focus on the recent achievements, mainly including arylation, alkylation, acylation, alkoxycarbonylation, amination, amidation and phosphonation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. Their mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Lishui University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Lishui City 323000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China.
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9
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Huang F, Zhang S. Iminyl Radicals by Reductive Cleavage of N-O Bond in Oxime Ether Promoted by SmI 2: A Straightforward Synthesis of Five-Membered Cyclic Imines. Org Lett 2019; 21:7430-7434. [PMID: 31512878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new generation method of N-centered radicals from the reductive cleavage of the N-O bond in oxime ether promoted by SmI2 is reported for the first time. The in-situ-generated N-centered radicals underwent intramolecular cyclization to afford five-membered cyclic imines in two manners: N-centered radical addition and N-centered anion nucleophilic substitution. From a synthetic point of view, an efficient synthetic method of five-membered cyclic imines was developed. A mechanism of the transformation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
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10
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Kaur N, Bhardwaj P, Devi M, Verma Y, Grewal P. Photochemical reactions in five and six-membered polyheterocycles synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1622732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pranshu Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Meenu Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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11
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Verhoeven J, Hulpia F, Kersemans K, Bolcaen J, De Lombaerde S, Goeman J, Descamps B, Hallaert G, Van den Broecke C, Deblaere K, Vanhove C, Van der Eycken J, Van Calenbergh S, Goethals I, De Vos F. New fluoroethyl phenylalanine analogues as potential LAT1-targeting PET tracers for glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2878. [PMID: 30814660 PMCID: PMC6393465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for brain tumor imaging might have some limitations because of the relatively low affinity for the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). To assess the stereospecificity and evaluate the influence of aromatic ring modification of phenylalanine LAT1 targeting tracers, six different fluoroalkylated phenylalanine analogues were synthesized. After in vitro Ki determination, the most promising compound, 2-[18F]-2-fluoroethyl-L-phenylalanine (2-[18F]FELP), was selected for further evaluation and in vitro comparison with [18F]FET. Subsequently, 2-[18F]FELP was assessed in vivo and compared with [18F]FET and [18F]FDG in a F98 glioblastoma rat model. 2-[18F]FELP showed improved in vitro characteristics over [18F]FET, especially when the affinity and specificity for system L is concerned. Based on our results, 2-[18F]FELP is a promising new PET tracer for brain tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken Kersemans
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Goeman
- Laboratory for Organic and Bio-organic synthesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Hallaert
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Karel Deblaere
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bio-organic synthesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Kumar SV, Muthusubramanian S, Perumal S. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Pyrazolopyridines and Their Derivatives. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2018.1542517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Muthusubramanian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbu Perumal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Zhao H, Liu Z, Song J, Xu H. Reagent‐Free C−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling: Regioselective Synthesis of N‐Heteroaromatics from Biaryl Aldehydes and NH
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai‐Bo Zhao
- iChEM State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhan‐Jiang Liu
- iChEM State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Fujian Institute of Research on Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- iChEM State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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14
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Zhao H, Liu Z, Song J, Xu H. Reagent‐Free C−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling: Regioselective Synthesis of N‐Heteroaromatics from Biaryl Aldehydes and NH
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12732-12735. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai‐Bo Zhao
- iChEM State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhan‐Jiang Liu
- iChEM State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Fujian Institute of Research on Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- iChEM State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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15
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Narang U, Yadav KK, Bhattacharya S, Chauhan SMS. Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles, Benzothiazoles and Benzoxazoles from Substituted Benzyl Alcohols. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Narang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007
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16
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Yang SY, Han WY, Zhang DL, Zhou XJ, Bai M, Cui BD, Wan NW, Yuan WC, Chen YZ. Synthesis of Phenanthridines through Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 2-Halo-N-Ms-arylamines with Benzyl Halides/Sulfonates. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yi Yang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
| | - Ding-Lei Zhang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhou
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
| | - Mei Bai
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; 563000 Zunyi China
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17
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Sun X, Yu S. Visible-light-promoted iminyl radical formation from vinyl azides: synthesis of 6-(fluoro)alkylated phenanthridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10898-901. [PMID: 27530901 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy assisted by visible-light-promoted iminyl radical formation has been developed for the synthesis of 6-(fluoro)alkylated phenanthridine derivatives. In the reactions, addition of alkyl and trifluoromethyl radicals onto vinyl azides gives iminyl radicals, which then undergo intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution leading to phenanthridines. These reactions can be carried out under mild conditions with high chemical yields and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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18
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Martínez C, Bosnidou AE, Allmendinger S, Muñiz K. Towards Uniform Iodine Catalysis: Intramolecular C-H Amination of Arenes under Visible Light. Chemistry 2016; 22:9929-32. [PMID: 27159628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical catalytic amination of arenes is presented. The reaction proceeds under benign iodine catalysis in the presence of visible light as the initiator and provides access to a range of differently substituted arylamines. A total of 29 examples demonstrate the broad applicability of this mild oxidation method. The scope of the reaction could further be expanded to silyl-tethered derivatives, which undergo intramolecular amination upon formation of seven-membered heterocycles. Cleavage of the silicon tether provides access to the corresponding 3-substituted anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Martínez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexandra E Bosnidou
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Simon Allmendinger
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain. .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Walton JC. Synthetic Strategies for 5- and 6-Membered Ring Azaheterocycles Facilitated by Iminyl Radicals. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050660. [PMID: 27213311 PMCID: PMC6273063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The totality of chemical space is so immense that only a small fraction can ever be explored. Computational searching has indicated that bioactivity is associated with a comparatively small number of ring-containing structures. Pyrrole, indole, pyridine, quinoline, quinazoline and related 6-membered ring-containing aza-arenes figure prominently. This review focuses on the search for fast, efficient and environmentally friendly preparative methods for these rings with specific emphasis on iminyl radical-mediated procedures. Oxime derivatives, particularly oxime esters and oxime ethers, are attractive precursors for these radicals. Their use is described in conventional thermolytic, microwave-assisted and UV-vis based preparative procedures. Photoredox-catalyzed protocols involving designer oxime ethers are also covered. Choice can be made amongst these synthetic strategies for a wide variety of 5- and 6-membered ring heterocycles including phenanthridine and related aza-arenes. Applications to selected natural products and bioactive molecules, including trispheridine, vasconine, luotonin A and rutaecarpine, are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Walton
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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Walton JC. Functionalised Oximes: Emergent Precursors for Carbon-, Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Centred Radicals. Molecules 2016; 21:63. [PMID: 26751437 PMCID: PMC6273297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxime derivatives are easily made, are non-hazardous and have long shelf lives. They contain weak N-O bonds that undergo homolytic scission, on appropriate thermal or photochemical stimulus, to initially release a pair of N- and O-centred radicals. This article reviews the use of these precursors for studying the structures, reactions and kinetics of the released radicals. Two classes have been exploited for radical generation; one comprises carbonyl oximes, principally oxime esters and amides, and the second comprises oxime ethers. Both classes release an iminyl radical together with an equal amount of a second oxygen-centred radical. The O-centred radicals derived from carbonyl oximes decarboxylate giving access to a variety of carbon-centred and nitrogen-centred species. Methods developed for homolytically dissociating the oxime derivatives include UV irradiation, conventional thermal and microwave heating. Photoredox catalytic methods succeed well with specially functionalised oximes and this aspect is also reviewed. Attention is also drawn to the key contributions made by EPR spectroscopy, aided by DFT computations, in elucidating the structures and dynamics of the transient intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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21
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Natarajan P, Kumar N, Sharma M. Visible light-mediated intramolecular C–H arylation of diazonium salts of N-(2-aminoaryl)benzoimines: a facile synthesis of 6-arylphenanthridines. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
6-Arylphenanthridines were synthesized in good to excellent yields from inexpensive and environmentally benign N-(2-aminoaryl)-diphenylmethanimine as a starting material under visible light-photocatalyzed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh - 160 014
- India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh - 160 014
- India
| | - Manjeet Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh - 160 014
- India
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22
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Jiao J, Murakami K, Itami K. Catalytic Methods for Aromatic C–H Amination: An Ideal Strategy for Nitrogen-Based Functional Molecules. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of
Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of
Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of
Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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23
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Li D, Ma H, Yu W. Visible Light-Induced Radical Cyclization of Ethyl 2-(N-Arylcarbamoyl)-2-Chloroiminoacetates: Synthesis of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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24
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Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang G, Ma N, Liu Q, Liu T. Iron-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp2)–N Cyclization of 1-(N-Arylpyrrol-2-yl)ethanone O-Acetyl Oximes toward Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6875-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Li
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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25
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Tummatorn J, Krajangsri S, Norseeda K, Thongsornkleeb C, Ruchirawat S. A new synthetic approach to 6-unsubstituted phenanthridine and phenanthridine-like compounds under mild and metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5077-81. [PMID: 24914621 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new and mild synthetic approach for the synthesis of 6-unsubstituted phenanthridine and phenanthridine-like compounds under metal-free conditions at room temperature has been developed. The strategy involved a tandem azide rearrangement/intramolecular annulation and oxidation reactions of biarylmethyl azide precursors to obtain the desired products in up to 99% yields with high regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumreang Tummatorn
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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26
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Cai Y, Jalan A, Kubosumi AR, Castle SL. Microwave-Promoted Tin-Free Iminyl Radical Cyclization with TEMPO Trapping: A Practical Synthesis of 2-Acylpyrroles. Org Lett 2015; 17:488-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5035047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Ankur Jalan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Aaron R. Kubosumi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Steven L. Castle
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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27
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Hofstra JL, Grassbaugh BR, Tran QM, Armada NR, de Lijser HJP. Catalytic Oxidative Cyclization of 2'-Arylbenzaldehyde Oxime Ethers under Photoinduced Electron Transfer Conditions. J Org Chem 2014; 80:256-65. [PMID: 25437898 DOI: 10.1021/jo502324z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2'-arylbenzaldehyde oxime ethers were synthesized and shown to generate the corresponding phenanthridines upon irradiation in the presence of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene in acetonitrile. Mechanistic studies suggest that the oxidative cyclization reaction sequence is initiated by an electron transfer step followed by nucleophilic attack of the aryl ring onto the nitrogen of the oxime ether. A concave downward Hammett plot is presumably the result of a change in charge distribution in the radical cation species with strongly electron-donating substituents that yields a less electrophilic nitrogen atom and a decreased amount of cyclized product. The reaction is selective (no nitrile byproduct is formed unlike other photochemical reactions involving aldoxime ethers) as well as regiospecific when using 2'-aryl groups with meta-substituents, making this reaction a useful alternative for preparing substituted phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Hofstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Brittany R Grassbaugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Quan M Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Nicholas R Armada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - H J Peter de Lijser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
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28
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Zhu YY, Li X, Yu HY, Xiong YF, Zhang P, Pi HF, Ruan HL. Alkaloids from the bulbs of Lycoris longituba and their neuroprotective and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:604-13. [PMID: 25219454 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three novel alkaloids (1-3), together with nineteen known ones (4-22), were isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris longituba. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, which belong to several Amaryllidaceae alkaloid skeletons. Among them, the harmane-type alkaloids (the new compound 1 and the known compounds 5, 6 and 7) were found for the first time from Lycoris genus. The isolates were tested for their neuroprotective activities against CoCl2, H2O2 and Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cell injuries, and the majority of them exhibited neuroprotective activities of different degrees. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of the isolated alkaloids were also evaluated, while compounds 12, 14-20 and 22 exhibited extremely significant AChE inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Zhu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
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29
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Walton JC. The oxime portmanteau motif: released heteroradicals undergo incisive EPR interrogation and deliver diverse heterocycles. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1406-16. [PMID: 24654991 PMCID: PMC4012714 DOI: 10.1021/ar500017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selective syntheses are now available for compounds of many classes, based on C-centered radicals, exploiting a diverse range of mechanisms. The prospect for chemistry based around N- and O-centered radicals is probably more favorable because of the importance of heterocycles as biologically active materials. Heteroradical chemistry is still comparatively underdeveloped due to the need for safe and easy ways of generating them. Oxime esters appeared promising candidates to meet this need because literature reports and our EPR spectroscopic examinations showed they readily dissociated on photolysis with production of a pair of N- and O-centered radicals. It soon became apparent that a whole suite of benign oxime-containing molecules could be pressed into service. The bimodality of the oxime motif meant that by suitable choice of functionality the reactions could be directed to yield selectively products from either the N-centered radicals or from the O-centered radicals. We found that on one hand photolyses of acetophenone oxime esters of carboxylic acids yielded alicyclics. On the other hand, aromatic and heteroaromatic acyl oximes (as well as dioxime oxalates) afforded good yields of phenanthridines and related heterocycles. Easily prepared oxime oxalate amides released carbamoyl radicals, and pleasingly, β-lactams were thereby obtained. Oxime carbonates and oxime carbamates, available via our novel 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-based preparations, were accessible alternatives for iminyl radicals and hence for phenanthridine preparations. In their second modes, these compounds proved their value as precursors for exotic alkoxycarbonyloxyl and carbamoyloxyl radicals. Microwave-assistance was shown to be a particularly convenient procedure with O-phenyl oxime ethers. The iminyl radicals generated from such precursors with alkene, alkyne, and aromatic acceptor substituents furnished pyrrole, quinoline, phenanthridine, benzonaphthiridine, indolopyridine, and other systems. Microwave irradiations with 2-(aminoaryl)alkanone O-phenyl oximes enabled either dihydroquinazolines or quinazolines to be obtained in very good yields. The fine quality of the EPR spectra, acquired during photolyses of all the O-carbonyl oxime types, marked this as an important complement to existing ways of obtaining such spectra in solution. Quantifications enabled SARs to be obtained for key reaction types of N- and O-centered radicals, thus putting mechanistic chemistry in this area on a much firmer footing. Surprises included the inverse gem-dimethyl effect in 5-exo-cyclizations of iminyls and the interplay of spiro- with ortho-cyclization onto aromatics. Insights into unusual 4-exo-cyclizations of carbamoyl radicals showed the process to be more viable than pent-4-enyl 4-exo-ring closure. Another surprise was the magnitude of the difference in CO2 loss rate from alkoxycarbonyloxyl radicals as compared with acyloxyl radicals. Their rapid 5-exo-cyclization was charted, as was their preferred spiro-cyclization onto aromatics. The first evidence that N-monosubstituted carbamoyloxyls had finite lifetimes was also forthcoming. It is evident that oxime derivatives have excellent credentials as reagents for radical generation and that there is ample room to extend their applications to additional radical types and for further heterocycle syntheses. There is also clear scope for the development of preparative procedures based around the alkoxyl and aminyl radicals that emerge downstream from oxime carbonate and oxime carbamate dissociations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St.
Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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30
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Hazra S, Mondal B, Rahaman H, Roy B. Copper- and Palladium-Cocatalyzed Intramolecular C-H Functionalization/C-N Bond Formation: A Route to the Synthesis of Indoloisoquinoline Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Wu WM, Zhu YY, Li HR, Yu HY, Zhang P, Pi HF, Ruan HL. Two new alkaloids from the bulbs of Lycoris sprengeri. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 16:192-199. [PMID: 24313231 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.864639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two new alkaloids, lycosprenine (1) and 2α-methoxy-6-O-methyllycorenine (2), along with 22 known alkaloids (3-23b), were isolated from the bulb of Lycoris sprengeri. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and by comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of known compounds. Selected compounds (1-3 and 6-9) were tested for their neuroprotective activities against H2O2-, CoCl2- and Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury, most of which exhibited neuroprotective effects of different degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Wu
- a Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430030 , China
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32
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Deb I, Yoshikai N. Phenanthridine Synthesis through Iron-Catalyzed Intramolecular N-Arylation of O-Acetyl Oxime. Org Lett 2013; 15:4254-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indubhusan Deb
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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33
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Li ZS, Wang WX, Yang JD, Wu YW, Zhang W. Photoinduced and N-Bromosuccinimide-Mediated Cyclization of 2-Azido-N-phenylacetamides. Org Lett 2013; 15:3820-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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McBurney RT, Walton JC. Interplay of ortho- with spiro-cyclisation during iminyl radical closures onto arenes and heteroarenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1083-92. [PMID: 23766822 PMCID: PMC3678706 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitised photolyses of ethoxycarbonyl oximes of aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones yielded iminyl radicals, which were characterised by EPR spectroscopy. Iminyls with suitably placed arene or heteroarene acceptors underwent cyclisations yielding phenanthridine-type products from ortho-additions. For benzofuran and benzothiophene acceptors, spiro-cyclisation predominated at low temperatures, but thermodynamic control ensured ortho-products, benzofuro- or benzothieno-isoquinolines, formed at higher temperatures. Estimates by steady-state kinetic EPR established that iminyl radical cyclisations onto aromatics took place about an order of magnitude more slowly than prototypical C-centred radicals. The cyclisation energetics were investigated by DFT computations, which gave insights into factors influencing the two cyclisation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy T McBurney
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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35
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Yu X, Park EJ, Kondratyuk TP, Pezzuto JM, Sun D. Synthesis of 2-arylindole derivatives and evaluation as nitric oxide synthase and NFκB inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 10:8835-47. [PMID: 23044819 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of small molecule drug-like inhibitors blocking both nitric oxide synthase and NFκB could offer a synergistic therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. During the course of evaluating the biological potential of a commercial compound library, 2-phenylindole (1) displayed inhibitory activity against nitrite production and NFκB with IC(50) values of 38.1 ± 1.8 and 25.4 ± 2.1 μM, respectively. Based on this lead, synthesis and systematic optimization have been undertaken in an effort to find novel and more potent nitric oxide synthase and NFκB inhibitors with antiinflammatory and cancer preventive potential. First, chemical derivatizations of 1 and 2-phenylindole-3-carboxaldehyde (4) were performed to generate a panel of N-alkylated indoles and 3-oxime derivatives 2–7. Second, a series of diversified 2-arylindole derivatives (10) were synthesized from an array of substituted 2-iodoanilines (8) and terminal alkynes (9) by applying a one-pot palladium catalyzed Sonogashira-type alkynylation and base-assisted cycloaddition. Subsequent biological evaluations revealed 3-carboxaldehyde oxime and cyano substituted 2-phenylindoles 5 and 7 exhibited the strongest nitrite inhibitory activities (IC(50) = 4.4 ± 0.5 and 4.8 ± 0.4 μM, respectively); as well as NFκB inhibition (IC(50) = 6.9 ± 0.8 and 8.5 ± 2.0 μM, respectively). In addition, the 6′-MeO-naphthalen-2′-yl indole derivative 10at displayed excellent inhibitory activity against NFκB with an IC(50) value of 0.6 ± 0.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufen Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
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36
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Substituted benzo[i]phenanthridines as promising topoisomerase-I non-camptothecin targeting agents: an experimental and theoretical study. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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37
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Caballero A, Campos PJ, Rodríguez MA. Diaryltrisphaeridine Derivatives: Synthesis, Experimental Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties, and Theoretical Studies. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Campos-Gómez E, Campos PJ, González HF, Rodríguez MA. Light-induced carbocyclization of iodoalkenes. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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McBurney RT, Harper AD, Slawin AMZ, Walton JC. An all-purpose preparation of oxime carbonates and resultant insights into the chemistry of alkoxycarbonyloxyl radicals. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Blanco-Lomas M, Caballero A, Campos PJ, González HF, López-Sola S, Rivado-Casas L, Rodríguez MA, Sampedro D. Photochemically Driven Addition of Iminyl Radicals to Alkynyl Fischer Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200438y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Blanco-Lomas
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Alegría Caballero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Campos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Héctor F. González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Susana López-Sola
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Rivado-Casas
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Madre de Dios, 51, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
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McBurney RT, Slawin AMZ, Smart LA, Yu Y, Walton JC. UV promoted phenanthridine syntheses from oxime carbonate derived iminyl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7974-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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