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Richardson A, L’Heureux SJ, Henry AM, McDonough EA, Fleischer CJ, McMullen CC, Reynafarje TR, Guerrero GP, Williams QE, Zhou Q, Malouf DM, Thurman SE, Soeller JE, Sheng JY, Medhurst EA, Canales AE, Cecil TB, Houk KN, Costanzo PJ, Bercovici DA. Experimental and Theoretical Exploration of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Nucleophile-Induced Fragmentation of Ylidenenorbornadiene Carboxylates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11683-11693. [PMID: 37535477 PMCID: PMC10442913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ylidenenorbornadienes (YNDs), prepared by [4 + 2] cycloadditions between fulvenes and acetylene carboxylates, react with thiol nucleophiles to yield mixtures of four to eight diastereomers depending on the symmetry of the YND substrate. The mixtures of diastereomers fragment via a retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition with a large variation in rate, with half-lives ranging from 16 to 11,000 min at 80 °C. The diastereomer-enriched samples of propane thiol adducts [YND-propanethiol (PTs)] were isolated and identified by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) correlations. Simulated kinetics were used to extrapolate the rate constants of individual diastereomers from the observed rate data, and it correlated well with rate constants measured directly and from isolated diastereomer-enriched samples. The individual diastereomers of a model system fragment at differing rates with half-lives ranging from 5 to 44 min in CDCl3. Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism of fragmentation and support an asynchronous retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition transition state. The computations generally correlated well with the observed free energies of activation for four diastereomers of the model system as a whole, within 2.6 kcal/mol. However, the observed order of the fragmentation rates across the set of diastereomers deviated from the computational results. YNDs display wide variability in the rate of fragmentation, dependent on the stereoelectronics of the ylidene substituents. A Hammett study showed that the electron-rich aromatic rings attached to the ylidene bridge increase the fragmentation rate, while electron-deficient systems slow fragmentation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail
D. Richardson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Scott J. L’Heureux
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ava M. Henry
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. McDonough
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cameron J. Fleischer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cameron C. McMullen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Trevor R. Reynafarje
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Gisele P. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Quinn E. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David M. Malouf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Spencer E. Thurman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Julia E. Soeller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Jerry Y. Sheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Erica A. Medhurst
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Angel E. Canales
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ty B. Cecil
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philip J. Costanzo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Daniel A. Bercovici
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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Malouf DM, Richardson AD, L’Heureux SJ, McDonough EA, Henry AM, Sheng JY, Medhurst EA, Canales AE, Fleischer CJ, Cecil TB, Thurman SE, McMullen CC, Costanzo PJ, Bercovici DA. Ylidenenorbornadiene Carboxylates: Experimental Kinetic Analysis of a Nucleophile-Induced Fragmentation Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:2793-2797. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Malouf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Abigail D. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Scott J. L’Heureux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. McDonough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ava M. Henry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Jerry Y. Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Erica A. Medhurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Angel E. Canales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cameron J. Fleischer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ty B. Cecil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Spencer E. Thurman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cameron C. McMullen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Philip J. Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Daniel A. Bercovici
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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Bidusenko IA, Schmidt EY, Ushakov IA, Vashchenko AV, Trofimov BA. Base-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N-Benzyl Ketimines to Arylacetylenes Followed by Oxidation: A One-Pot Access to Polyarylated 2 H-Pyrroles via Intermediate Pyrrolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:4121-4126. [PMID: 34018747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Benzyl ketimines undergo [3 + 2] cycloaddition with arylacetylenes in the KOBut/DMSO solution to 2,3,5-triarylpyrrolines, which are oxidized (chloranil, DDQ) in situ to 2,3,5-triaryl-2H-pyrroles in 53-71% yields. The intermediate 1-pyrrolines can be isolated in 31-91% yields and separately oxidized to the corresponding 2H-pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Bidusenko
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Schmidt
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Igor A Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Vashchenko
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Boris A Trofimov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Yamaguchi M, Fujiwara S, Manabe K. Synthesis of 2,2,5-Trisubstituted 2H-Pyrroles and 2,3,5-Trisubstituted 1H-Pyrroles by Ligand-Controlled Site-Selective Dearomative C2-Arylation and Direct C3-Arylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:6972-6977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Yamaguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Sakiko Fujiwara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kei Manabe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Tao T, Zhao HX, Ji XM, Lai M, Zhao MQ. Synthesis of New N
-alkyl-5-formyl-2-methylpyrrole Derivatives from Glucosamine. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- College of Tobacco Science; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Hua Xin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Xiao Ming Ji
- College of Tobacco Science; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Miao Lai
- College of Tobacco Science; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Ming Qin Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
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Polák P, Tobrman T. Dearomatization Strategy for the Synthesis of Arylated 2H-Pyrroles and 2,3,5-Trisubstituted 1H-Pyrroles. Org Lett 2017; 19:4608-4611. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Polák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Kalmode HP, Vadagaonkar KS, Murugan K, Prakash S, Chaskar AC. Deep eutectic solvent: a simple, environmentally benign reaction media for regioselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1H-pyrroles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A greener, rapid and highly efficient synthetic protocol for the construction of pyrroles has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman P. Kalmode
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | | | | | - Sattey Prakash
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
- University of Mumbai
- Mumbai 400098
- India
| | - Atul C. Chaskar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
- National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
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Sultan N, Thomas C, Blanco L, Deloisy S. Preparation of unsymmetrical dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and related esters by enzymatic transesterification. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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