Novel Vilsmeier-type methylenation for synthesis of dipyrazolylmethane derivatives using formamide or N-methylformamide

Structural Identification between Phthalazine-1,4-Diones and N-Aminophthalimides via Vilsmeier Reaction: Nitrogen Cyclization and Tautomerization Study

N-Aminophthalimides and phthalazine 1,4-diones were synthesized from isobenzofuran-1,3-dione, isoindoline-1,3-dione, furo [3,4-b] pyrazine-5,7-dione, or 1H-pyrrolo [3,4-c] pyridine-1,3-dione with monohydrate hydrazine to carry out the 5-exo or 6-endo nitrogen cyclization under the different reaction conditions. Based on the control experimental results, 6-endo thermodynamic hydrohydrazination and kinetical 5-exo cyclization reactions were individually selective formation. Subsequently, Vilsmeier amidination derivatization was successfully developed to probe the structural divergence between N-aminophthalimide 2 and phthalazine 1,4-dione 3. On the other hand, the best tautomerization of N-aminophthalimide to diazinone was also determined under acetic acid mediated solution.

Investigation of tetrazine reactivity towards C-nucleophiles: pyrazolone-based modification of biomolecules

Chemoselective, biocompatible ligation reactions are the key components for efficient and modular access to biomolecular scaffolds. Tetrazine ligation leads to the formation of a mixture of isomers, which makes reaction monitoring, purification and characterization of conjugates difficult. We report herein a modified tetrazine ligation strategy based on the use of a pyrazolone coupling partner, which provides a single molecule conjugate.

One-Flask Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines from 5-Aminopyrazoles and Mechanistic Study

A novel one-flask synthetic method was developed in which 5-aminopyrazoles were reacted with N,N-substituted amides in the presence of PBr₃. Hexamethyldisilazane was then added to perform heterocyclization to produce the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines in suitable yields. These one-flask reactions thus involved Vilsmeier amidination, imination reactions, and the sequential intermolecular heterocyclization. To study the reaction mechanism, a series of 4-formyl-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-N,N-disubstituted formamidines, which were conceived as the chemical equivalent of 4-(iminomethyl)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl-formamidine, were prepared and successfully converted into pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. The experiments demonstrated that the reaction intermediates were the chemical equivalents of 4-(iminomethyl)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)formamidines. The rate of the reaction could be described as being proportional to the reactivity of amine reactants during intermolecular heterocyclization, especially when hexamethyldisilazane was used.

Straightforward synthesis of diverse dipyrazolylmethane derivatives and their application for fluorescence sensing of Cu2+ ions

Various dipyrazolylmethanes were synthesized and nitro-substituted compound displayed an excellent turn-off fluorescence sensing property for the detection of Cu²⁺ ions.

Vilsmeier reagent-mediated synthesis of 6-[(formyloxy)methyl]-pyrazolopyrimidines via a one-pot multiple tandem reaction

Vilsmeier reagent-mediated synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines.

Vilsmeier–Haack reagent-promoted formyloxylation of α-chloro-N-arylacetamides by formamide

α-Formyloxylation of α-chloro-N-arylacetamides.

Organocatalytic one-pot asymmetric synthesis of 4H,5H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles

An efficient one pot asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles has been developed. This class of biologically active heterocycles can be obtained via a secondary amine catalyzed asymmetric Michael/Wittig/oxa-Michael reaction sequence. Remarkably, the title compounds were accessible in good to very good yields and very good to excellent enantioselectivities after a single purification step.