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Pipaón Fernández N, Cruise O, Easton SEF, Kaplan JM, Woodard JL, Hruszkewycz DP, Leitch DC. Direct Heterocycle C-H Alkenylation via Dual Catalysis Using a Palladacycle Precatalyst: Multifactor Optimization and Scope Exploration Enabled by High-Throughput Experimentation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38206166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in developing catalytic methods for C-C bond formation is the identification of generally applicable reaction conditions, particularly if multiple substrate structural classes are involved. Pd-catalyzed direct arylation reactions are powerful transformations that enable direct functionalization of C-H bonds; however, the corresponding direct alkenylation reactions, using vinyl (pseudo) halide electrophiles, are less well developed. Inspired by process development efforts toward GSK3368715, an investigational active pharmaceutical ingredient, we report that a Pd(II) palladacycle derived from tri-tert-butylphosphine and Pd(OAc)2 is an effective single-component precatalyst for a variety of direct alkenylation reactions. High-throughput experimentation identified optimal solvent/base combinations for a variety of HetAr-H substrate classes undergoing C-H activation without the need for cocatalysts or stoichiometric silver bases (e.g., Ag2CO3). We propose this reaction proceeds via a dual cooperative catalytic mechanism, where in situ-generated Pd(0) supports a canonical Pd(0)/(II) cross-coupling cycle and the palladacycle effects C-H activation via CMD in a redox-neutral cycle. In all, 192 substrate combinations were tested with a hit rate of approximately 40% and 24 isolated examples. Importantly, this method was applied to prepare a key intermediate in the synthesis of GSK3368715 on multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahiane Pipaón Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Odhran Cruise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah E F Easton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Justin M Kaplan
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John L Woodard
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Damian P Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road., Victoria, Briish Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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2
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Microwave-assisted Cu-catalyzed C–C bond formation: one-pot synthesis of fully substituted 1,2,3-triazoles using nonsymmetrical iodoalkynes and their biological evaluation. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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3
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Peterle MM, Scheide MR, Silva LT, Saba S, Rafique J, Braga AL. Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Oxadiazoles, Elemental Se/S and Aryl Iodides: Synthesis of Chalcogenyl (Se/S)‐Oxadiazoles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M. Peterle
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Marcos R. Scheide
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Lais T. Silva
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79074-460 MS-Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Braga
- LabselenDepartamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
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Gaddam LT, Gudi Y, Adivireddy P, Venkatapuram P. Synthesis of spiropyrazolinyl/isoxazolinyl thienofuranones under green approach and their antimicrobial activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Salvanna N, Reddy LM, Kumar RA, Das B. Unactivated sp3
C-H Functionalization by I 2
/DMSO: An Efficient Method to Synthesize Isatins †. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayaki Salvanna
- Department of Chemistry; Osmania University Post Graduate College, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana; India-502313
- Natural Products Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Lonka Madhava Reddy
- Department of Chemistry; Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana; India-500007
| | - Rathod Aravind Kumar
- Semiochemicals Division; CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad; Telangana-500007 India
| | - Biswanath Das
- Natural Products Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad-500007 India
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6
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Tzouras NV, Stamatopoulos IK, Papastavrou AT, Liori AA, Vougioukalakis GC. Sustainable metal catalysis in C H activation. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Liu L, Feng S. Ligand-free Cu(ii)-mediated aerobic oxidations of aldehyde hydrazones leading to N,N'-diacylhydrazines and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2585-2592. [PMID: 28266668 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(ii)-mediated synthesis of N,N'-diacylhydrazines and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from aldehyde hydrazones has been developed. This is the first time that the synthesis of N,N'-diacylhydrazines and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles using N,N-dimethylamides as the acylation reagent and O2 in air as the oxidation reagent is reported. These reactions offered several advantages including simple workups, ligand-free inexpensive metal salts as mediators, high yields, and wide scope of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China.
| | - Suliu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China.
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8
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Wong KL, Chen C, Chan KS. Base-Promoted Vinyl Carbon–Bromine Bond Cleavage by Group 9 Metalloporphyrin Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lai Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Rousée K, Schneider C, Bouillon JP, Levacher V, Hoarau C, Couve-Bonnaire S, Pannecoucke X. Copper-catalyzed direct C–H fluoroalkenylation of heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:353-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient copper-catalyzed direct C–H fluoroalkenylation of heterocycles using various gem-bromofluoroalkenes as electrophiles is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rousée
- Normandie Univ
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 & FR 3038
- Univ Rouen
- INSA Rouen
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10
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Zhang X, Lin Y, Zhang J, Cao S. Base-mediated direct fluoroalkenylation of 2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole with gem-difluoroalkenes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13761b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct α-fluorovinylation of 2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole with gem-difluoroalkenes under the assistance of KHMDS or NaH at room temperature was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yingyin Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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Rafique J, Saba S, Rosário AR, Zeni G, Braga AL. K2CO3-mediated, direct C–H bond selenation and thiolation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in the absence of metal catalyst: an eco-friendly approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly, straightforward and high-yielding methodology for the synthesis of chalcogenyl oxadiazoles via the K2CO3-promoted direct C–H bond chalcogenation of 2-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles is described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Rafique
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alisson R. Rosário
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Braga
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
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12
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Jangili P, Kashanna J, Das B. Synthesis of dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazines using copper catalyzed intramolecular ring closure reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Salvanna N, Reddy GC, Das B. Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed C–H activation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their direct oxidative coupling with benzothiazoles and aryl boronic acids using Cu(OAc)2 as an oxidant. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Salvanna N, Reddy GC, Rao BR, Das B. Copper-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with N-tosylhydrazones: efficient synthesis of benzylated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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15
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Jeyachandran R, Potukuchi HK, Ackermann L. Copper-catalyzed CuAAC/intramolecular C-H arylation sequence: Synthesis of annulated 1,2,3-triazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1771-7. [PMID: 23209511 PMCID: PMC3511011 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Step-economical syntheses of annulated 1,2,3-triazoles were accomplished through copper-catalyzed intramolecular direct arylations in sustainable one-pot reactions. Thus, catalyzed cascade reactions involving [3 + 2]-azide–alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) and C–H bond functionalizations provided direct access to fully substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with excellent chemo- and regioselectivities. Likewise, the optimized catalytic system proved applicable to the direct preparation of 1,2-diarylated azoles through a one-pot C–H/N–H arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Jeyachandran
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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