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Um IH, Jung YJ, Dust JM. Kinetic Study on Pyridinolysis of Aryl Benzenesulfonates: Factors Governing Regioselectivity and Reaction Mechanism. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic study is reported for reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted-benzenesulfonates (1a-1f) and Y-substituted-phenyl benzenesulfonates (2a-2f) with Z-substituted-pyridines. The reactions proceed through S‒O and C‒O bond scissions competitively. The Yukawa-Tsuno plot for the reactions of 1a-1f with 4-oxypyridine (S‒O bond fission) exhibits an excellent linearity. The Brønsted-type plot for the reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl benzenesulfonate (1d) with pyridines (S‒O bond fission) is also linear with βnuc = 0.62. The Brønsted-type plot for the reactions of 2a-2f with 4-oxypyridines (S‒O bond fission) is linear with βlg= ‒1.17. Thus, the reactions have been concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism, in which leaving-group expulsion is significantly more advanced than bond formation between the electrophilic center and nucleophile at the transition state. The Hammett plot for the reactions of 1a-1f with 4-oxypyridine (C‒O bond fission) exhibits scattered points with ρX= 0.98. The Brønsted-type plot for the reactions of 1d with Z-substituted-pyridines (C‒O bond fission) results in an excellent linear correlation with βnuc = 0.38. Thus, the reactions (C‒O bond fission) have been concluded to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with a Meisenheimer complex, in which expulsion of the leaving group occurs after the rate-determining step. Factors governing regioselectivity and reaction mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Ewha Womans University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Nano Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120 � 750, Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of), 120-750, ,
| | - Yoon Jae Jung
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, 34995, Pohang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Julian Michael Dust
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, 7512, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, A1C 5S7
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Kinetic study of nucleophilic reactivity of heterocyclic amines with 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan in acetonitrile. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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3
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Diab S, Noël-Duchesneau L, Sanselme M, Kondo Y, De Paolis M, Chataigner I. High Pressure Elicits Unexpected Transformations of Plain Nitroaromatics with 4-(Cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)morpholine. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Diab
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, COBRA, INSA Rouen, CNRS; 76000 ROUEN France
| | | | | | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, COBRA, INSA Rouen, CNRS; 76000 ROUEN France
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki 980-8578 Aoba-ku, Sendai Japan
| | - Michael De Paolis
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, COBRA, INSA Rouen, CNRS; 76000 ROUEN France
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Um IH, Kim MY, Dust JM. Medium effect (water versus MeCN) on reactivity and reaction pathways for the SNAr reaction of 1-aryloxy-2,4-dinitrobenzenes with cyclic secondary amines. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic study on SNAr reactions of 1-aryloxy-2,4-dinitrobenzenes (1a–1h) with a series of cyclic secondary amines in 80 mol% water – 20 mol% DMSO at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C is reported. The plots of kobsd versus amine concentration curve upward except for the reactions of substrates possessing a strong electron-withdrawing group in the leaving aryloxide with strongly basic piperidine. The curved plots indicate that the reactions proceed through both uncatalytic and catalytic routes. Linear Brønsted-type plots have been obtained for the uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1a) with βnuc = 0.84 and 0.78, respectively. The Yukawa–Tsuno plot for the uncatalyzed reactions of 1a–1h with piperidine results in an excellent linear correlation with ρ = 1.66 and r = 0.31. In contrast, rate constants for catalyzed reactions are independent of the electronic nature of the substituent in the leaving group. The current SNAr reactions have been proposed to proceed via a zwitterionic intermediate (MC±) that partitions to products through uncatalytic and catalytic routes. The catalyzed reaction from MC± has been concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism with a six-membered cyclic transition state (TScycl) rather than via a stepwise pathway with a discrete anionic intermediate (MC−), the traditionally accepted mechanism. Medium effects on the reactivity and reaction mechanism are discussed. Particularly, hydrogen bonding of the amines to water precludes formation of kinetically significant dimers found in some aprotic solvents; no explicit role for water in the catalytic transition state is required or proposed. The specific stabilization of the leaving aryloxides substituted with strong electron-withdrawing groups accounts for the lack of the catalytic pathway in these systems (1a–1c) with piperidine nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
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Zlotin SG, Churakov AM, Dalinger IL, Luk’yanov OA, Makhova NN, Sukhorukov AY, Tartakovsky VA. Recent advances in synthesis of organic nitrogen–oxygen systems for medicine and materials science. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mechanisms for the formation of five-membered rings in ethene addition reactions with azomethine ylide and allyl anion. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Semenyuk YP, Morozov PG, Burov ON, Kletskii ME, Lisovin AV, Kurbatov SV, Terrier F. Sequential SNAr and Diels–Alder reactivity of superelectrophilic 10π heteroaromatic substrates. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Um IH, Kim MY, Cho HJ, Dust JM, Buncel E. The α-effect in the SNAr reaction of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzene with anionic nucleophiles: effects of solvation and polarizability on the α-effect. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic study on SNAr reactions of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1a) with various anionic nucleophiles in 80 mol% water – 20 mol% DMSO at 25.0 °C is reported. The Brønsted-type plot for the reaction of 1a with a series of substituted phenoxides and HOO− results in an excellent linear correlation with βnuc = 1.17. However, OH− exhibits dramatic negative deviation from the Brønsted-type plot, while N3−, C6H5S−, and butane-2,3-dione monoximate (Ox−) deviate positively from linearity. HOO− is 680-fold more reactive than OH− but does not exhibit the α-effect. In contrast, Ox− is 166-fold more reactive than isobasic 4-Cl−C6H4O− and exhibits the α-effect. Differential solvation effects have been suggested to be responsible for the α-effect in this study, i.e., Ox− exhibits the α-effect, since it is 5.7 kcal/mol less strongly solvated than 4-Cl−C6H4O− in the reaction medium, while HOO− does not show the α-effect due to a strong requirement for partial desolvation before nucleophilic attack. The highly enhanced reactivity of polarizable N3− and C6H5S− and extremely decreased reactivity of nonpolarizable OH− are in accord with the hard–soft acid and base principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Erwin Buncel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Jasiński R, Mróz K, Kącka A. Experimental and Theoretical DFT Study on Synthesis of Sterically Crowded 2,3,3,(4)5-Tetrasubstituted-4-nitroisoxazolidines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Between Ketonitrones and Conjugated Nitroalkenes. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
| | - Kamila Mróz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kącka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; ul. Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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[3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions to Indolyl- and Pyrrolyl Derivatives of Dinitrobenzofurazan. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Bastrakov MA, Starosotnikov AM, Kachala VV, Fedyanin IV, Shevelev SA. Facile Dearomatization of Nitroquinolines through [3+2] and [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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El Guesmi N, Boubaker T, Goumont R, Terrier F. Regioselectivity and High Electrophilicity in the σ Complexation of Aromatic Triflones. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Um IH, Kim MY, Kang TA, Dust JM. Kinetic Study on SNAr Reaction of 1-(Y-Substituted-phenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzenes with Cyclic Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile: Evidence for Cyclic Transition-State Structure. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7025-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5011872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tae-Ah Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science and Department
of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus-Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland
and Labrador A2H 6P9, Canada
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5-Nitro-7,8-furoxanoquinoline: a new type of fused nitroarenes possessing Diels–Alder reactivity. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Jasiński R. Synthesis and Properties of Azoles and Their Derivatives. Part 70. Nitroallylic Systems in [2 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions with Nitrones: A DFT Computational Study. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; Warszawska 24 31155 Cracow Poland
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Chizhov AO, Makhova NN, Kuchurov IV, Sheremetev AB, Zlotin SG. Unusual behavior of benzofuroxans under ESI MS conditions in negative ion mode. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Minkin VI, Tkachuk AV, Kletskii ME, Steglenko DV, Voronina VA, Kurbatov SV. Intramolecular π-complexes based on nitroaryl derivatives of furotroponimine: structure and stereodynamics. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(13)01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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De Rosa M, Arnold D, Hartline D. Four Mechanisms in the Reactions of 3-Aminopyrrole with 1,3,5-Triazines: Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder Cycloadditions vs SNAr Reactions via Uncatalyzed and Acid-Catalyzed Pathways. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8614-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4012915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine, 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - David Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine, 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
| | - Douglas Hartline
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State Brandywine, 25 Yearsley Mill Road, Media, Pennsylvania 19063, United States
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Leyva E, Leyva S, González-Balderas RM, de Loera D, Jiménez-Cataño R. Fast preparation of benzofuroxans by microwave- assisted pyrolysis of o-nitrophenyl azides. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Pericyclic [4+2] and [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitroarenes in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Mechanistic Assessment of SNAr Displacement of Halides from 1-Halo-2,4-dinitrobenzenes by Selected Primary and Secondary Amines: Brønsted and Mayr Analyses. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9738-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Kurbatov S, Lakhdar S, Goumont R, Terrier F. Super-electrophilic 10π Heteroaromatics. New Mechanistic and Synthetic Applications. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2012.697701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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