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Garg V, Kumar P, Verma AK. Substrate-Controlled Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of ( Z)- and ( E)- N-Styrylated Carbazoles, Aza-carbazoles, and γ-Carbolines via Hydroamination of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11686-11702. [PMID: 30141931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the substrate-controlled regio- and stereoselective hydroamination of carbazoles, aza-carbazoles, and γ-carbolines with functionalized aromatic as well as aliphatic alkynes in a KOH/DMSO system in good yields. The electronic effect of the substrates governs the stereochemistry of the product. Electron-donating alkynes provided ( Z)-stereoselective products, and electron-withdrawing alkynes provided ( E)-stereoselective products. This approach also provides an easy route for the synthesis of mono- and bis-hydroaminated product. The deuterium-labeling studies were also conducted to support the mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Garg
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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Kozell V, Rahmani F, Piermatti O, Lanari D, Vaccaro L. A stereoselective organic base-catalyzed protocol for hydroamination of alkynes under solvent-free conditions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Liu LD, Lei ZL, Wang H, Bian M, Liu ZJ, Liu JT, Hu XJ. Inorganic base-mediated stereoselective hydroamination of arylalkynes with imidazole: An efficient access to N -vinylimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhou M, Tan X, Hu Y, Shen HC, Qian X. Highly Chemo- and Regioselective Vinylation of N-Heteroarenes with Vinylsulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8627-8635. [PMID: 29799743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient chemo- and regioselective N-vinylation of N-heteroarenes has been developed using vinylsulfonium salts. The reaction proceeded under mild and transition-metal-free conditions and consistently provided moderate to high yields of vinylation products with 100% E-stereoselectivity. This reaction is also highly chemoselective, and compatible with a variety of functional groups, such as -NHR, -NH2, -OH, -COOH, ester, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China.,Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xuefei Tan
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Hong C Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Garg V, Kumar P, Verma AK. Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective N-Alkenylation of Pyrazoles/Benzpyrazoles Using Activated and Unactivated Alkynes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10247-10262. [PMID: 28861995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-free chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective synthesis of (Z) and (E) styryl pyrazoles and benzpyrazoles by the addition of N-heterocycles onto functionalized terminal and internal alkynes using a super basic solution of KOH/DMSO has been described. The stereochemical outcome of the reaction was governed by time and quantity of the base. The reaction of pyrazoles and benzpyrazoles onto alkynes takes place chemoselectively without affecting the free -NH2 group of pyrazoles and -OH group of alkynes. The designed protocol was well implemented on alkynes bearing long alkyl chain, an alicyclic ring, hydroxy, ether, and ester functionality, which offer the N-alkenylated products in good yields. This developed methodology also provides easy access for the synthesis of bis-vinylated heterocycles. The presence of free -NH2, -OH, -COOR, and halo group in styryl pyrazoles, could be further utilized for synthetic elaboration, which is advantageous for biological evaluation. For the first time, we have disclosed the base-mediated conversion of (Z)-styryl pyrazoles to (E)-styryl pyrazoles in KOH/DMSO system. The cis-trans isomerization was supported by the control experiments and deuterium labeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Garg
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110007, India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110007, India
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Abstract
Inter- or intramolecular hydroamination reactions are a paradigmatic example of modern sustainable organic chemistry, as they are a catalytic, 100% atom-economical, and waste-free process of fundamental simplicity in which an amine is added to an alkyne substrate. Many enamines are found in many natural and synthetic compounds possessing interesting physiological and biological activities. The development of synthetic protocols for such molecules and their transformation is a persistent research topic in pharmaceutical and organic chemistry. Hydroamination is conspicuously superior to the other accessible methods, such as the imination of ketones or the aminomercuration/demercuration of alkynes, that involve the stoichiometric use of toxic reagents. Additionally, the hydroamination of alkyne substrates has been successfully employed as a key step in synthesizing target molecules through total syntheses containing substituted indoles, pyrroles, imidazoles, and other heterocycles as core moieties. Many research groups have explored inter- or intramolecular hydroamination of alkynes for the synthesis of diversely substituted nitrogen heterocycles using expensive metal catalysts. However, in contrast to metal-catalyzed hydroamination, the base-mediated hydroamination of alkynes has not been extensively studied. Various inorganic (such as hydroxides, phosphates, and carbonates) and organic bases have been proven to be valuable reagents for achieving the hydroamination process. This method represents an attractive strategy for the construction of a broad range of nitrogen-containing compounds that prevents the formation of byproducts in the creation of a C-N linkage. The presence of a base is thought to facilitate the attack of nitrogen nucleophiles, such as indoles, pyrroles, and imidazoles, on unsaturated carbon substrates through the activation of the triple bond and thus transforming the electron-rich alkyne into an electrophile. In the past few years, we have been involved in the development of methods for the nucleophilic addition of N-heterocycles onto terminal and internal alkynes using alkali base catalysts to achieve new carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions. During our study, we discovered the regioselective preferential nucleophilic addition of N-heterocycles onto the haloarylalkyne over N-arylation of the aryl halide. In this Account, we summarize our latest achievements in regio-, stereo-, and chemoselective hydroamination chemistry of N-nucleophiles with alkynes using a superbasic medium to produce a broad range of highly functionalized vinyl and styryl enamines, which are valuable and versatile synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Interestingly, the stereoselectivity of the addition products (kinetically stable Z and thermodynamically stable E isomers) was found to be dependent upon time. It is worthwhile to note that hydroaminated products formed by the addition reaction can further be utilized for the synthesis of indolo-/pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, naphthyridines, and bisindolo/pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinesvia tandem cyclization. This chemistry is expected to find application in organic synthesis for constructing a diverse variety of fused π-conjugated compounds, enaminones, and C-C coupled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Saunthwal RK, Patel M, Verma AK. Regioselective Synthesis of C-3-Functionalized Quinolines via Hetero-Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of Azadienes with Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6563-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Saunthwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Patel M, Saunthwal RK, Dhaked DK, Bharatam PV, Verma AK. Metal-free Intermolecular Hydrophenoxylation of Aryl Alkynes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Patel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
| | | | - Devendra K. Dhaked
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar; Mohali Punjab 160062 India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar; Mohali Punjab 160062 India
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Patel M, Saunthwal RK, Dhaked DK, Bharatam PV, Verma AK. Nucleophilic Addition versus SNAr Study: Chemo-, Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrothiolation of Haloaryl Alkynes over S-Arylation of Aryl Halides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Patel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
| | | | - Devendra K. Dhaked
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali; Punjab 160062 India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, NIPER, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali; Punjab 160062 India
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
- School of Physical Sciences (SPS); Jawaharlal Nehru University; Delhi- 110067 India
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Coman SM, Parvulescu VI. Nonprecious Metals Catalyzing Hydroamination and C–N Coupling Reactions. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona M. Coman
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bdul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest 030016, Romania
| | - Vasile I. Parvulescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bdul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest 030016, Romania
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Ranjan A, Yerande R, Wakchaure PB, Yerande SG, Dethe DH. Base-Mediated Hydroamination of Propargylamine: A Regioselective Intramolecular 5-exo-dig Cycloisomerization en Route to Imidazole-2-thione. Org Lett 2014; 16:5788-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502871r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ragini Yerande
- Acoris Research (A Division of Hikal Ltd.), 3A International Biotech Park, Hinjewadi, Pune 411057, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad B. Wakchaure
- Acoris Research (A Division of Hikal Ltd.), 3A International Biotech Park, Hinjewadi, Pune 411057, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapnil G. Yerande
- Acoris Research (A Division of Hikal Ltd.), 3A International Biotech Park, Hinjewadi, Pune 411057, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dattatraya H. Dethe
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Trofimov BA, Schmidt EY. Reactions of acetylenes in superbasic media. Recent advances. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n07abeh004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Patel M, Saunthawal RK, Verma AK. Base-catalyzed stereoselective intermolecular addition of imidazoles onto alkynes: an easy access to imidazolyl enamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Verma AK, Patel M, Joshi M, Likhar PR, Tiwari RK, Parang K. Base-Mediated Chemo- and Stereoselective Addition of 5-Aminoindole/Tryptamine and Histamines onto Alkynes. J Org Chem 2013; 79:172-86. [PMID: 24215621 DOI: 10.1021/jo402352v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Megha Joshi
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pravin R. Likhar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- College of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Keykavous Parang
- College of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
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Lu L, Yan H, Liu D, Rong G, Mao J. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis ofN-(1-Alkenyl)imidazoles by Potassium Phosphate-Promoted Addition Reaction of Alkynes to Imidazoles. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:75-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Afonin AV, Ushakov IA, Pavlov DV, Schmidt EY, Dvorko MY. Structural peculiarities of configurational isomers of 1-styrylpyrroles according to 1Н, 13С and 15N NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations: electronic and steric hindrance for planar structure. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:339-349. [PMID: 23558848 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of the (1)Н and (13)С NMR data for a series of the E and Z-1-styrylpyrroles, E and Z-1-(1-propenyl)pyrroles, 1-vinylpyrroles and styrene suggests that the conjugation between the unsaturated fragments in the former compounds is reduced. This is the result of the mutual influence of the donor p-π and π-π conjugation having opposite directions. According to the NMR data combined with the density functional theory calculations, the Z isomer of 1-styrylpyrrole has essentially a nonplanar structure because of the steric hindrance. However, the E isomer of 1-styrylpyrrole is also an out-of-plane structure despite the absence of a sterical barrier for the planar one. Deviation of the E isomer from the planar structure seems to be caused by an electronic hindrance produced by a mutual influence of the p-π and π-π conjugation. The structure of the E isomer of the 2-substituted 1-styrylpyrroles is similar to that of the 2-substituted 1-vinylpyrroles. The steric effects in the Z isomer of the 2-substituted 1-styrylpyrroles result in the large increase of the dihedral angle between planes of the pyrrole ring and double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Afonin
- Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Favorski St 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Trofimov BA, Glotova TE, Shabalin DA, Dvorko MY, Ushakov IA, Schmidt EY, Kuzmin AV, Mikhaleva AI. Superbase-Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of Acetylenes to 3,6-Di(pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: A Facile Synthesis of 3,6-Di(pyrrol-2-yl)pyridazines. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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