1
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Ryabukhin SV, Bondarenko DV, Trofymchuk SA, Lega DA, Volochnyuk DM. Aza-Heterocyclic Building Blocks with In-Ring CF 2 -Fragment. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300283. [PMID: 37873869 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern organic chemistry is a titan supporting and reinforcing pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and material science products. Over the past decades, the organic compounds market has been evolving to meet all the research demands. In this regard, medicinal chemistry is especially dependent on available chemical space as subtle tuning of the molecule structure is required to create a drug with relevant physicochemical properties and a remarkable activity profile. The recent rapid evolution of synthetic methodology to deploy fluorine has brought fluorinated compounds to the spotlight of MedChem community. And now unique properties of fluorine still keep fascinating more and more as its justified installation into a molecular framework has a beneficial impact on membrane permeability, lipophilicity, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetic properties, conformation, pKa , etc. The backward influence of medicinal chemistry on organic synthesis has also changed the landscape of the latter towards new fluorinated topologies as well. Such complex relationships create a flexible and ever-changing ecosystem. Given that MedChem investigations strongly lean on the ability to reach suitable building blocks and the existence of reliable synthetic methods in this review we collected advances in the chemistry of respectful, but still enigmatic gem-difluorinated aza-heterocyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D V Bondarenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S A Trofymchuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D A Lega
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- National University of Pharmacy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 53 Pushkinska str., 61002, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - D M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kukhar str., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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2
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Abedelnour E, Ognier S, Venier O, Schio L, Tatoulian M, Cossy J. Synthesis of trifluoromethyl N, N-aminals from nitrogen containing heterocycles by using a plasma flow microreactor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4213-4216. [PMID: 36939296 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl N,N-aminals are important precursors allowing access to fluorinated building blocks. In this work, the direct synthesis of trifluoromethyl N,N-aminals from nitrogen containing heterocycles is reported using argon plasma in a continuous flow microreactor without any additives or metal catalysts. Their transformation to N-trifluoroethyl amines is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abedelnour
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France. .,Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery - IDD France, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Stephanie Ognier
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Venier
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery - IDD France, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Laurent Schio
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery - IDD France, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly Mazarin, France
| | - Michael Tatoulian
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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3
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Sameem B, Karuso P, Liu F. Hypervalent silicate-assisted azidation approach for the substituted azepane motif. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Kaźmierczak M, Bilska‐Markowska M. Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) Mediated Transformations Leading to Valuable Building Blocks and Bioactive Compounds. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kaźmierczak
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Monika Bilska‐Markowska
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
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5
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Ariawan AD, Mansour F, Richardson N, Bhadbhade M, Ho J, Hunter L. The Effect of Vicinal Difluorination on the Conformation and Potency of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133974. [PMID: 34209791 PMCID: PMC8271401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) are potential targets for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, but it is challenging to design isoform-selective agents. In this work, we created new analogs of two established but non-selective HDAC inhibitors. We decorated the central linker chains of the molecules with specifically positioned fluorine atoms in order to control the molecular conformations. The fluorinated analogs were screened against a panel of 11 HDAC isoforms, and minor differences in isoform selectivity patterns were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daryl Ariawan
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Flora Mansour
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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6
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Masson G, Rioton S, Gomez Pardo D, Cossy J. Synthesis of 2‐Fluoroalkyl 4‐Substituted Azepanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Masson
- Molecular Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS PSL University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris France
| | - Sarah Rioton
- Molecular Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS PSL University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris France
| | - Domingo Gomez Pardo
- Molecular Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS PSL University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS PSL University 10 rue Vauquelin 75231 Cedex 05 Paris France
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Kiss L, Ouchakour L, Ábrahámi RA, Nonn M. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Functionalized Azaheterocycles from Carbocycles through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Ring Closing Protocols. CHEM REC 2019; 20:120-141. [PMID: 31250972 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing organic scaffolds are of significant interest in medicinal chemistry. The incorporation of fluorine into biomolecules can lead to remarkable changes in their physical, chemical, and biological properties. There are already many drugs on the market, which contain at least one fluorine atom. Saturated functionalized azaheterocycles as bioactive substances have gained increasing attention in pharmaceutical chemistry. Due to the high biorelevance of organofluorine molecules and the importance of N-heterocyclic compounds, selective stereocontrolled procedures to the access of new fluorine-containing saturated N-heterocycles are considered to be a hot research topic. This account summarizes the synthesis of functionalized and fluorine-containing saturated azaheterocycles starting from functionalized cycloalkenes and based on oxidative ring cleavage of diol intermediates followed by ring expansion with reductive amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungary
| | - Lamiaa Ouchakour
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungary
| | - Renáta A Ábrahámi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Melinda Nonn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungary
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8
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Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of natural brevipolide H is reported for the first time. By way of Sharpless epoxidation of penta-1,4-dien-3-ol, both enantiomerically pure epoxides were converted to the corresponding olefins for cross metathesis. Subsequent transformations, including epoxide ring opening, esterifications, cyclopropanation, oxidation and ring-closing metathesis, provided the target molecule. This synthesis successfully addresses previous shortcomings in preparing brevipolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Nung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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9
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Moore AF, Newman DJ, Ranganathan S, Liu F. Imaginative Order from Reasonable Chaos: Conformation-Driven Activity and Reactivity in Exploring Protein–Ligand Interactions. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sir Derek Barton’s seminal work on steroid conformational analysis opened up a new era of enquiry into how the preferred conformation of any molecule could have profound effects on its physical–chemical properties and activities. Conformation-based effects on molecular activity and reactivity continue to manifest, with one key area of investigation currently focussed on conformational entropy in driving protein–ligand interactions. Carrying on from Barton’s initial insight on natural product conformational properties, new questions now address how conformational flexibility within a bioactive natural product structural framework (reasonable chaos), can be directed to confer dynamically new protein–ligand interactions beyond the basic lock–key model (imaginative order). Here we summarise our work on exploring conformational diversity from fluorinated natural product fragments, and how this approach of conformation-coupled diversity-oriented synthesis can be used to iteratively derive ligands with enhanced specificity against highly homologous protein domains. Our results demonstrate that the conformation entropic states of highly conserved protein domains differ significantly, and this conformational diversity, beyond primary sequence analysis, can be duly captured and exploited by natural-product derived ligands with complementary conformational dynamics for enhancing recognition specificity in drug lead discovery.
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10
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Spedding H, Karuso P, Liu F. Synthesis of Substituted Oxo-Azepines by Regio- and Diastereoselective Hydroxylation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111871. [PMID: 29088108 PMCID: PMC6150284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harold Spedding
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Peter Karuso
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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11
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Patel AR, Hardianto A, Ranganathan S, Liu F. Divergent response of homologous ATP sites to stereospecific ligand fluorination for selectivity enhancement. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1570-1574. [PMID: 28119986 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring a divergent response from homologous protein domains is essential for selective ligand-protein interactions. Stereospecific fluorination of (-)-balanol, an ATP mimic, uncovers a new source of selectivity from integrated chemical and conformational perturbation that differentiates homologous sites by the level of congruency in their response to local and remote fluorine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpesh Ramanlal Patel
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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12
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Ábrahámi RA, Kiss L, Barrio P, Fülöp F. Synthesis of fluorinated piperidine and azepane β-amino acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Patel AR, Bhadbhade MM, Liu F. Crystal structure of (4R,5S,6R)-6-azido-5-benz-yloxy-3,3,4-tri-fluoro-azepan-1-ium 2,2,2-tri-fluoro-acetate from synchrotron data. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:1361-5. [PMID: 26594511 PMCID: PMC4645019 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015019416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the title compound, C15H16F6N4O3, was determined using synchrotron radiation on an extremely small crystal (0.015 × 0.01 × 0.01 mm). Although the diffraction was weak, leading to high residuals and a poor data-to-parameter ratio, the data allowed ready solution and refinement to reveal the entire structure. The solid-state structure is in accordance with the absolute configuration assigned based on that of the known starting material. The compound comprises a highly substituted seven-membered N-heterocyclic cation and a tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate counter-anion. The title compound crystallizes with two independent cations (A and B) and anions (C and D) in the asymmetric unit. Two geminal F atoms, a single F atom, a benzyl ether and an azide group are substituted on consecutive C atoms between the NH2 and CH2 units of the azepan-1-ium ring system. The seven-membered rings adopt different conformations with the principal differences occurring in the CF2CHFCH2 segments of the ring systems. The geminal F atoms on the quaternary C atom exhibit essentially identical bond angles [109 (2) and 106 (2)°] in the two independent mol-ecules. The two mol-ecules associate as a dimeric unit via two C-H⋯F inter-actions. An extensive series of N-H⋯O, N-H⋯F, C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯π contacts generate a three-dimensional network with cations and anions linked into ABCD repeat columns along a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpesh Ramanlal Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mohan M. Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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14
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Cioc RC, van der Niet DJH, Janssen E, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. One-Pot Synthesis of N-Substituted β-Amino Alcohols from Aldehydes and Isocyanides. Chemistry 2015; 21:7808-13. [PMID: 25868115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A practical two-stage one-pot synthesis of N-substituted β-amino alcohols using aldehydes and isocyanides as starting materials has been developed. This method features mild reaction conditions, broad scope, and general tolerance of functional groups. Based on a less common central carbon-carbon bond disconnection, this protocol complements traditional approaches that involve amines and various carbon electrophiles (epoxides, α-halo ketones, β-halohydrins). Medicinally relevant products can be prepared in a concise and efficient way from simple building blocks, as demonstrated in the synthesis of the antiasthma drug salbutamol. Upgrading the synthesis to an enantioselective variant is also feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C Cioc
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
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15
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Patel AR, Liu F. Cooperative Conformational Regulation in N-Heterocyclic Fluorohydrins. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seven-membered N-heterocycles are flexible ring structures, and their conformational control is important to their bioactivity. Our prior work shows that stereoselective monofluorination, if installed diastereoselectively, can bias a seven-membered, substituted azepane ring to one major conformation. However, multiple fluorination may not provide as much conformational bias due to conflicting effects. Here we show in our model azepane system that fluorohydrins can confer strong conformational bias if the relative configuration of the fluorine and hydroxy substitutent is appropriate to enable cooperative conformational control.
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16
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Patel AR, Hunter L, Bhadbhade MM, Liu F. Conformational Regulation of Substituted Azepanes through Mono-, Di-, and Trifluorination. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Hu XG, Hunter L. Stereoselectively fluorinated N-heterocycles: a brief survey. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2696-708. [PMID: 24367435 PMCID: PMC3869242 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereoselective incorporation of fluorine atoms into N-heterocycles can lead to dramatic changes in the molecules’ physical and chemical properties. These changes can be rationally exploited for the benefit of diverse fields such as medicinal chemistry and organocatalysis. This brief review will examine some of the effects that fluorine substitution can have in N-heterocycles, including changes to the molecules’ stability, their conformational behaviour, their hydrogen bonding ability, and their basicity. Finally, some methods for the synthesis of stereoselectively fluorinated N-heterocycles will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Guo Hu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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18
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Patel AR, Ball G, Hunter L, Liu F. Conformational regulation of substituted azepanes through selective monofluorination. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3781-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40391b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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