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Xu B, Liu X, Deng L, Shang Y, Jie X, Su W. Dehydrogenative synthesis of N-functionalized 2-aminophenols from cyclohexanones and amines: Molecular complexities via one-shot assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7656. [PMID: 38691610 PMCID: PMC11062582 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Polyfunctionalized arenes are privileged structural motifs in both academic and industrial chemistry. Conventional methods for accessing this class of chemicals usually involve stepwise modification of phenyl rings, often necessitating expensive noble metal catalysts and suffering from low reactivity and selectivity when introducing multiple functionalities. We herein report dehydrogenative synthesis of N-functionalized 2-aminophenols from cyclohexanones and amines. The developed reaction system enables incorporating amino and hydroxyl groups into aromatic rings in a one-shot fashion, which simplifies polyfunctionalized 2-aminophenol synthesis by circumventing issues associated with traditional arene modifications. The wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance are exemplified by late-stage modification of complex natural products and pharmaceuticals that are unattainable by existing methods. This dehydrogenative protocol benefits from using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) as oxidant that offers interesting chemo- and regio-selective oxidation processes. More notably, the essential role of in situ generated water is disclosed, which protects aliphatic amine moieties from overoxidation via hydrogen bond-enabled interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yaping Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaoming Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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2
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Zhu Z, Li Y, Ma S, Zhou X, Huang Y, Sun J, Ding WY. Electrochemical Cross-Coupling between N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-sulfonamides and 2-Naphthols: Synthesis of 2,2'-Bis(arenol)s. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38567628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We herein present an electrochemical method for the dehydrogenative cross-coupling of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-sulfonamides and 2-naphthols. This transformation provides a direct and scalable approach to a wide range of C1-symmetric 2,2'-bis(arenol)s with moderate to high yields under mild conditions. Preliminary attempts with the asymmetric variant of this reaction were also performed with ≤55% ee for the synthesis of 2,2'-bis(arenol)s. Control experiments were conducted to propose a plausible mechanism for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Shitang Ma
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yekai Huang
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Yi Ding
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Mechanistic Aspects of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines and Aniline Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020471. [PMID: 36677530 PMCID: PMC9864799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of amines is an essential alternative to the conventional chemical transformation that provides critical routes for synthesising and modifying a wide range of chemically useful molecules, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. As a result, the anodic reactivity of these compounds has been extensively researched over the past seven decades. However, the different mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical oxidation of amines have never been discussed from a comprehensive and general point of view. This review examines the oxidation mechanism of aliphatic amines, amides, aniline and aniline derivatives, carbamates, and lactams, either directly oxidised at different electrode surfaces or indirectly oxidised by a reversible redox molecule, in which the reactive form was generated in situ. The mechanisms are compared and simplified to understand all possible pathways for the oxidation of amines using only a few general mechanisms. Examples of the application of these oxidation reactions are also provided.
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Wei W, Zhan L, Gao L, Huang G, Ma X. Research Progress of Electrochemical Synthesis of C-Sulfonyl Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang F, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemistry Enabled Nickel‐catalyzed Selective C‐S Bond Coupling Reaction. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Life Science Nanjing CHINA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing CHINA
| | - Yi Wang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 163 Xianlin Avenue 210023 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Yi Pan
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing CHILE
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6
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Nikpour F, Zandi S, Sharafi-Kolkeshvandi M. Electrochemically Catalyzed N–N Coupling and Ring Cleavage Reaction of 1H-Pyrazoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe electrocatalyzed N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of 3-methyl-, 3,5-dimethyl-, 3-methyl-5-phenyl- and 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole was investigated and led to the electro-organic synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. The results revealed that electrochemically produced 1H-pyrazoleox plays the role of acceptor in a reaction with the starting molecule via a N–N coupling and ring cleavage reaction of pyrazoles. The proposed reaction sequence consists of anodic oxidation, dimerization, rearrangement and reduction. The electrochemically catalyzed reactions were accomplished under constant-current and constant-potential conditions using an undivided electrochemical cell with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, remarkable yields and environmental compatibility.
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7
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Sun X, Zhang F, Yan K, Feng W, Sun X, Yang J, Wen J. Electrochemical‐In‐Situ‐Oxidative Sulfonylation of Phenols with Sulfinic Acids as an Access to Sulfonylated Hydroquinones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Feng
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
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An investigation of homogeneous electrocatalytic mechanism between ferrocene derivatives and l-cysteine/N-Acetyl-l-cysteine. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Aziz J, Hamze A. An update on the use of sulfinate derivatives as versatile coupling partners in organic chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9136-9159. [PMID: 33006352 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01718c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of sulfinic acids and their salts continues to be extensively developed in organic chemistry. This is attributable to their dual capacity for acting as nucleophilic or electrophilic reagents, as well as their ease of preparation and stability on storage. This report highlights the research accomplished since 2015 on this topic, updating a previous review published by our team in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Aziz
- Almac Group, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, UK.
| | - Abdallah Hamze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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10
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Feng P, Ma G, Chen X, Wu X, Lin L, Liu P, Chen T. Electrooxidative and Regioselective C-H Azolation of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8400-8404. [PMID: 30920715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A general and practical protocol was developed for the regioselective C-H azolation of phenol and aniline derivatives by electrooxidative cross-coupling. The reaction occurs under metal-, oxidant-, and reagent-free conditions, allowing access to a wide variety of synthetically useful heteroarene derivatives. The reaction also tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is amenable to gram-scale synthesis. Finally, a preliminary mechanistic study indicated that a radical-radical-combination pathway might be involved in the coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guojian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil, Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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11
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Feng P, Ma G, Chen X, Wu X, Lin L, Liu P, Chen T. Electrooxidative and Regioselective C−H Azolation of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Feng
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Guojian Ma
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced NanomaterialsSchool of Environment and Civil, EngineeringDongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of ChemistryJinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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12
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Halder P, Humne VT, Mhaske SB. Transition-Metal-Free Regioselective One-Pot Synthesis of Aryl Sulfones from Sodium Sulfinates via Quinone Imine Ketal. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1372-1378. [PMID: 30623654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel, efficient, and regioselective transition-metal-free one-pot synthesis of aryl sulfones via the reactive quinone imine ketal intermediate is demonstrated using easily accessible bench-stable sulfinate salts. A broad range of functionality on p-anisidine substrates as well as sulfinate salts was tolerated under mild reaction conditions to provide the corresponding aryl sulfones in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Halder
- Division of Organic Chemistry , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Vivek T Humne
- Division of Organic Chemistry , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India
| | - Santosh B Mhaske
- Division of Organic Chemistry , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
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13
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Abstract
Arylated products are found in various fields of chemistry and represent essential entities for many applications. Therefore, the formation of this structural feature represents a central issue of contemporary organic synthesis. By the action of electricity the necessity of leaving groups, metal catalysts, stoichiometric oxidizers, or reducing agents can be omitted in part or even completely. The replacement of conventional reagents by sustainable electricity not only will be environmentally benign but also allows significant short cuts in electrochemical synthesis. In addition, this methodology can be considered as inherently safe. The current survey is organized in cathodic and anodic conversions as well as by the number of leaving groups being involved. In some electroconversions the reagents used are regenerated at the electrode, whereas in other electrotransformations free radical sequences are exploited to afford a highly sustainable process. The electrochemical formation of the aryl-substrate bond is discussed for aromatic substrates, heterocycles, other multiple bond systems, and even at saturated carbon substrates. This survey covers most of the seminal work and the advances of the past two decades in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center with Johannes Gutenberg University , Forum universitatis 2 , 55122 Mainz , Germany
| | - Sebastian Lips
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Maximilian Selt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Barbara Riehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Christopher J Kampf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center with Johannes Gutenberg University , Forum universitatis 2 , 55122 Mainz , Germany
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Yan M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13230-13319. [PMID: 28991454 PMCID: PMC5786875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1916] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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