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Backx S, Desmedt W, Dejaegere A, Simoens A, Van de Poel J, Krasowska D, Audenaert K, Stevens CV, Mangelinckx S. Synthesis of Mixed Phosphonate Esters and Amino Acid-Based Phosphonamidates, and Their Screening as Herbicides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4739. [PMID: 38731958 PMCID: PMC11083600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While organophosphorus chemistry is gaining attention in a variety of fields, the synthesis of the phosphorus derivatives of amino acids remains a challenging task. Previously reported methods require the deprotonation of the nucleophile, complex reagents or hydrolysis of the phosphonate ester. In this paper, we demonstrate how to avoid these issues by employing phosphonylaminium salts for the synthesis of novel mixed n-alkylphosphonate diesters or amino acid-derived n-alkylphosphonamidates. We successfully applied this methodology for the synthesis of novel N-acyl homoserine lactone analogues with varying alkyl chains and ester groups in the phosphorus moiety. Finally, we developed a rapid, quantitative and high-throughput bioassay to screen a selection of these compounds for their herbicidal activity. Together, these results will aid future research in phosphorus chemistry, agrochemistry and the synthesis of bioactive targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Backx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Willem Desmedt
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.D.); (K.A.)
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andreas Dejaegere
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Andreas Simoens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Jef Van de Poel
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.D.); (A.S.); (J.V.d.P.); (D.K.); (C.V.S.)
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Serpi M, Pertusati F. An overview of ProTide technology and its implications to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1149-1161. [PMID: 33985395 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1922385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The ProTide technology is a phosphate (or phosphonate) prodrug method devised to deliver nucleoside monophosphate (or monophosphonate) intracellularly bypassing the key challenges of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogs. Three new antiviral drugs, exploiting this technology, have been approved by the FDA while others are in clinical studies as anticancer agents.Areas covered: The authors describe the origin and development of this technology and its incredible success in transforming the drug discovery of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogues. As evidence, discussion on the antiviral ProTides on the market, and those currently in clinical development are included. The authors focus on how the proven capacity of this technology to generate new drug candidates has stimulated its application to non-nucleoside-based molecules.Expert opinion: The ProTide approach has been extremely successful in delivering blockbuster antiviral medicines and it seems highly promising in oncology. Its application to non-nucleoside-based small molecules is recently emerging and proving effective in other therapeutic areas. However, investigations to explain the lack of activity of certain ProTide series and comprehensive structure activity relationship studies to identify the appropriate phosphoramidate motifs depending on the parent molecule are in our opinion mandatory for the future development of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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3
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Wei Y, Ben-Zvi B, Diao T. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycosides from Glycosyl Esters via C-O Bond Homolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9433-9438. [PMID: 33438338 PMCID: PMC8044010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
C-aryl glycosyl compounds offer better in vivo stability relative to O- and N-glycoside analogues. C-aryl glycosides are extensively investigated as drug candidates and applied to chemical biology studies. Previously, C-aryl glycosides were derived from lactones, glycals, glycosyl stannanes, and halides, via methods displaying various limitations with respect to the scope, functional-group compatibility, and practicality. Challenges remain in the synthesis of C-aryl nucleosides and 2-deoxysugars from easily accessible carbohydrate precursors. Herein, we report a cross-coupling method to prepare C-aryl and heteroaryl glycosides, including nucleosides and 2-deoxysugars, from glycosyl esters and bromoarenes. Activation of the carbohydrate substrates leverages dihydropyridine (DHP) as an activating group followed by decarboxylation to generate a glycosyl radical via C-O bond homolysis. This strategy represents a new means to activate alcohols as a cross-coupling partner. The convenient preparation of glycosyl esters and their stability exemplifies the potential of this method in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wei
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Benjamin Ben-Zvi
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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Wei Y, Ben‐zvi B, Diao T. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl
C
‐Glycosides from Glycosyl Esters via C−O Bond Homolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wei
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Benjamin Ben‐zvi
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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5
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Chen X, Luo W, Wang Y, Li Z, Ma X, Peng AY. Efficient Synthesis of Phosphonamidates through One-Pot Sequential Reactions of Phosphonites with Iodine and Amines. Chemistry 2020; 26:14474-14480. [PMID: 32776399 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot sequential strategy to construct phosphonamidates has been developed by generating phosphonites in situ from arylmagnesium bromides and triethyl phosphite followed by treatment with iodine and amines. A variety of phosphonamidates were obtained with good to excellent yields at room temperature from easily available materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwei Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zikang Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Ma
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Yun Peng
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Abstract
Phosphonates, often used as isosteric replacements for phosphates, can provide important interactions with an enzyme. Due to their high charge at physiological pH, however, permeation into cells can be a challenge. Protecting phosphonates as prodrugs has shown promise in drug delivery. Thus, a variety of structures and cleavage/activation mechanisms exist, enabling release of the active compound. This review describes the structural diversity of these pro-moieties, relevant cleavage mechanisms and recent advances in the design of phosphonate prodrugs.
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Efficient Synthesis of Purine Nucleoside Analogs by a New Trimeric Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Aneurinibacillus migulanus AM007. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010100. [PMID: 31888088 PMCID: PMC6983109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPs) are promising biocatalysts for the synthesis of purine nucleoside analogs. Although a number of PNPs have been reported, the development of highly efficient enzymes for industrial applications is still in high demand. Herein, a new trimeric purine nucleoside phosphorylase (AmPNP) from Aneurinibacillus migulanus AM007 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The AmPNP showed good thermostability and a broad range of pH stability. The enzyme was thermostable below 55 °C for 12 h (retaining nearly 100% of its initial activity), and retained nearly 100% of the initial activity in alkaline buffer systems (pH 7.0–9.0) at 60 °C for 2 h. Then, a one-pot, two-enzyme mode of transglycosylation reaction was successfully constructed by combining pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (BbPyNP) derived from Brevibacillus borstelensis LK01 and AmPNP for the production of purine nucleoside analogs. Conversions of 2,6-diaminopurine ribonucleoside (1), 2-amino-6-chloropurine ribonucleoside (2), and 6-thioguanine ribonucleoside (3) synthesized still reached >90% on the higher concentrations of substrates (pentofuranosyl donor: purine base; 20:10 mM) with a low enzyme ratio of BbPyNP: AmPNP (2:20 μg/mL). Thus, the new trimeric AmPNP is a promising biocatalyst for industrial production of purine nucleoside analogs.
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Maity S, Lönnberg TA. Synthesis of Organometallic Oligonucleotides through Oximation with Metalated Benzaldehydes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18803-18808. [PMID: 31737842 PMCID: PMC6854833 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A phthaloyl-protected aminooxymethyl-C-2'-deoxyriboside building block has been prepared and incorporated in the middle of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Removal of the phthaloyl protection followed by on-support oximation with either mercurated or palladated benzaldehydes yielded oligonucleotides bearing the respective benzaldoxime metallacycles.
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Tsoulougian V, Psykarakis EE, Gimisis T. Synthesis of biurets via TMSNCO addition to 1-aminosugars: application in the de novo synthesis of dC oxidation products. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:973-981. [PMID: 30632579 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between 1-aminosugars and trimethylisocyanate (TMSNCO) was optimised as a one-step synthetic strategy for the synthesis of sugar biurets. This protocol was successfully applied to a number of 1-aminosugars, which exclusively provided the corresponding biurets in 67-99% yields. The new methodology was applied in the de novo synthesis of N1-(2-deoxy-α/β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)biuret (dfBU) and N1-(2-deoxy-α/β-d-erythro-pentopyranosyl)biuret (dpBU), two known DNA lesions arising from the hydroxyl radical induced decomposition of 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tsoulougian
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10571, Athens, Greece.
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Adler P, Pons A, Li J, Heider J, Brutiu BR, Maulide N. Chemoselective Activation of Diethyl Phosphonates: Modular Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Phosphonylated Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13330-13334. [PMID: 30067301 PMCID: PMC6175129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonates have garnered considerable attention for years owing to both their singular biological properties and their synthetic potential. State-of-the-art methods for the preparation of mixed phosphonates, phosphonamidates, phosphonothioates, and phosphinates rely on harsh and poorly selective reaction conditions. We report herein a mild method for the modular preparation of phosphonylated derivatives, several of which exhibit interesting biological activities, that is based on chemoselective activation with triflic anhydride. This procedure enables flexible and even iterative substitution with a broad range of O, S, N, and C nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Adler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amandine Pons
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Heider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bogdan R Brutiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Adler P, Pons A, Li J, Heider J, Brutiu BR, Maulide N. Chemoselektive Aktivierung von Diethylphosphonaten: modulare Synthese von biologisch relevanten phosphonylierten Grundgerüsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Adler
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Amandine Pons
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Jing Li
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Jörg Heider
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Bogdan R. Brutiu
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
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Slusarczyk M, Serpi M, Pertusati F. Phosphoramidates and phosphonamidates (ProTides) with antiviral activity. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618775243. [PMID: 29792071 PMCID: PMC5971382 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618775243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the first report on the nucleoside phosphoramidate (ProTide) prodrug approach in 1990 by Chris McGuigan, the extensive investigation of ProTide technology has begun in many laboratories. Designed with aim to overcome limitations and the key resistance mechanisms associated with nucleoside analogues used in the clinic (poor cellular uptake, poor conversion to the 5'-monophosphate form), the ProTide approach has been successfully applied to a vast number of nucleoside analogues with antiviral and anticancer activity. ProTides consist of a 5'-nucleoside monophosphate in which the two hydroxyl groups are masked with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy component which once in the cell is enzymatically metabolized to deliver free 5'-monophosphate, which is further transformed to the active 5'-triphosphate form of the nucleoside analogue. In this review, the seminal contribution of Chris McGuigan's research to this field is presented. His technology proved to be extremely successful in drug discovery and has led to two Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Shklyaruck DG, Fedarkevich AN, Kozyrkov YY. Transition-metal-free stereoselective synthesis of C(1)–C(6) fragment of epothilones and their structural analogues. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hamon N, Slusarczyk M, Serpi M, Balzarini J, McGuigan C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphoramidate prodrugs of two analogues of 2-deoxy-d-ribose-1-phosphate directed to the discovery of two carbasugars as new potential anti-HIV leads. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:829-38. [PMID: 25616343 PMCID: PMC7127161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2-Deoxy-α-d-ribose-1-phosphate is of great interest as it is involved in the biosynthesis and/or catabolic degradation of several nucleoside analogues of biological and therapeutic relevance. However due to the lack of a stabilising group at its 2-position, it is difficult to synthesize stable prodrugs of this compound. In order to overcome this lack of stability, the synthesis of carbasugar analogues of 2-deoxyribose-1-phosphate was envisioned. Herein the preparation of a series of prodrugs of two carbocyclic analogues of 2-deoxyribose-1-phosphate using the phosphoramidate ProTide technology, along with their biological evaluation against HIV and cancer cell proliferation, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Hamon
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Magdalena Slusarczyk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK.
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Guo YJ, Chen PJ, Wang B, Peng AY. Synthesis of phosphaisocoumarin amidates via DIBAL-H-mediated selective amidation of phosphaisocoumarin esters. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5458-63. [PMID: 24942670 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphaisocoumarin amidates were synthesized for the first time via DIBAL-H-mediated direct amidation of phosphaisocoumarin esters under mild conditions in good to excellent yields. The present reaction showed high selectivity. In each case, the phostone ring was intact and only the exocyclic ethoxy group was amidated. A plausible mechanism of the reaction was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Guo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingangxi Lu, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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