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Qian C, Wang Y, Li X, Yao C. Electrocatalytic Multicomponent Transformation of Aldehyde, 5‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole and Dimedone: An Efficient Protocol for Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐
b
]quinolines. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cunwei Qian
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Yancheng Teachers College Yancheng 224007 P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Yancheng Teachers College Yancheng 224007 P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
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2
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Novaes LFT, Liu J, Shen Y, Lu L, Meinhardt JM, Lin S. Electrocatalysis as an enabling technology for organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7941-8002. [PMID: 34060564 PMCID: PMC8294342 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has recently gained increased attention as a versatile strategy for achieving challenging transformations at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry. Electrochemistry's unique ability to generate highly reactive radical and radical ion intermediates in a controlled fashion under mild conditions has inspired the development of a number of new electrochemical methodologies for the preparation of valuable chemical motifs. Particularly, recent developments in electrosynthesis have featured an increased use of redox-active electrocatalysts to further enhance control over the selective formation and downstream reactivity of these reactive intermediates. Furthermore, electrocatalytic mediators enable synthetic transformations to proceed in a manner that is mechanistically distinct from purely chemical methods, allowing for the subversion of kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles encountered in conventional organic synthesis. This review highlights key innovations within the past decade in the area of synthetic electrocatalysis, with emphasis on the mechanisms and catalyst design principles underpinning these advancements. A host of oxidative and reductive electrocatalytic methodologies are discussed and are grouped according to the classification of the synthetic transformation and the nature of the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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3
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Elinson MN, Ryzhkova YE, Vereshchagin AN, Ryzhkov FV, Egorov MP. Electrocatalytic multicomponent one‐pot approach to tetrahydro‐2′
H
,
4
H
‐spiro[benzofuran‐2,5′‐pyrimidine] scaffold. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michail N. Elinson
- Department of Organic Chemistry N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya E. Ryzhkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly N. Vereshchagin
- Department of Organic Chemistry N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Fedor V. Ryzhkov
- Department of Organic Chemistry N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail P. Egorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Moscow Russian Federation
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4
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Tang HT, Jia JS, Pan YM. Halogen-mediated electrochemical organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5315-5333. [PMID: 32638806 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In general, halogenide anions are anodically oxidized into active species, which can be elemental halogen, halogen cations, or halogen radicals. These species subsequently react with substrates, such as olefins, ketones, or amines, to generate halogenated products. We review the mechanisms of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Song Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Zhang M, Chen T, Fang S, Wu W, Wang X, Wu H, Xiong Y, Song J, Li C, He Z, Lee CS. Peroxide- and transition metal-free electrochemical synthesis of α,β-epoxy ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2481-2486. [PMID: 33656035 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical method for the synthesis of α,β-epoxy ketones is reported. With KI as the redox mediator, methyl ketones reacted with aldehydes under peroxide- and transition metal-free electrolytic conditions and afforded α,β-epoxy ketones in one pot (36 examples, 52-90% yield). This safe and environmental-friendly method has a broad substrate scope and can readily provide a variety of α,β-epoxy ketones in gram-scales for evaluation of their anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and College of physics and optoelectronic engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shisong Fang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jun Song
- College of physics and optoelectronic engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Yang Q, Zhu Y, Deng G. CuOTf/TfOH-mediated tandem reaction of conjugated ene-yne-ketones: Synthesis of novel spiro dihydrofurans. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Yokote S, Nishikawa S, Shibuya K, Hisano K, Nishino H. Selective synthesis of spiro and dispiro compounds using Mn(III)-based oxidation of tetracarbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Pakravan N, Shayani-Jam H, Beiginejad H, Tavafi H, Paziresh S. A green method for the synthesis of novel spiro compounds: Enhancement of antibacterial properties of caffeic acid through electrooxidation in the presence of barbituric acid derivatives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Batmani H, Noroozi Pesyan N, Havasi F, Aalinejad M. Synthesis of Spiro‐dihydrofuran in the Presence of a Novel and Reusable Nanocatalyst Cu (II)‐Glycerol/MCM‐41. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Batmani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University 57159 Urmia Iran
| | - Nader Noroozi Pesyan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University 57159 Urmia Iran
| | - Forugh Havasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Kurdistan P.O. Box 66315‐416 Sanandaj Iran
| | - Michael Aalinejad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University 57159 Urmia Iran
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10
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Recent Advances in the Electrochemical α-C-H Bond Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Yan M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13230-13319. [PMID: 28991454 PMCID: PMC5786875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1881] [Impact Index Per Article: 268.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Bingi C, Kale A, Nanubolu JB, Atmakur K. Simple approach to access tricyclic spiro dihydrofurans in a one-pot reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1326141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Bingi
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashok Kale
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnaiah Atmakur
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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14
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Ghorbani‐Vaghei R, Malaekehpoor SM. N,N,N′,N′
‐Tetrabromobenzene‐1,3‐disulfonamide Catalyzed Synthesis of New Spiro[chroman‐3,2′‐chromeno[2,3‐
b
]furan]‐2,4,4′‐(3′
H
)‐trione Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ghorbani‐Vaghei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryBu‐Ali Sina University 65174 Hamedan Iran
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15
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Vafajoo Z, Hazeri N, Maghsoodlou MT, Veisi H. Electro-catalyzed multicomponent transformation of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one to 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives in green medium. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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