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Abstract
Introduction:The popularity of chitosan is increasing among the researchers due to its environment friendly nature, high activity and easy approachability. Chitosan based catalysts are not only the most active and selective in catalytic reaction, but their “green” accessibility also makes them promising in organic catalysis. Chitosan is commonly extracted from chitin by alkaline deacetylation and it is the second abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose. Chitosan based catalysts are advantageous by means of non-metallic activation as it involves small organic molecules. The robustness, nontoxicity, the lack of metal leaching possibility, inertness towards moisture and oxygen, easy handling and storage are the main advantages of organocatalysts. Traditional drawbacks associated with the metal-based heterogeneous catalysts, like longer reaction times during any synthesis, metal-leaching after every reaction and structural instability of the catalyst for prolonged recycling experiments are also very negligible for chitosan based catalysts. Besides, these catalysts can contribute more in catalysis due to their reusability and these special features increase their demand as the functionalized and profitable catalysts.Objective:The thorough description about the preparation of organocatalysts from chitosan and their uniqueness and novel activities in various famous reactions includes as the main aim of this review. Reusable and recycle nature of chitosan based organocatalysts gain the advantages over traditional and conventional catalyst which is further discussed over here.Methods and Discussions:In this article only those reactions are discussed where chitosan has been used both as support in heterogeneous catalysts or used as a catalyst itself without any co-catalyst for some reactions. Owing to its high biodegradability, nontoxicity, and antimicrobial properties, chitosan is widely-used as a green and sustainable polymeric catalyst in vast number of the reactions. Most of the preparations of catalyst have been achieved by exploring the complexation properties of chitosan with metal ions in heterogeneous molecular catalysis. Organocatalysis with chitosan is primarily discussed for carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, carbon dioxide fixation through cyclo- addition reaction, condensation reaction and fine chemical synthesis reactions. Furthermore, its application as an enantioselective catalyst is also considered here for the chiral, helical organization of the chitosan skeleton. Moreover, another advantage of this polymeric catalyst is its easy recovery and reusability for several times under solvent-free conditions which is also explored in the current article.Conclusion:Important organocatalyzed reactions with either native chitosan or functionalized chitosan as catalysts have attracted great attention in the recent past. Also, chitosan has been widely used as a very promising support for the immobilization of catalytic metals for many reactions. In this review, various reactions have been discussed which show the potentiality of chitosan as catalyst or catalyst support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, India
| | - Jhuma Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, India
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Li J, Li Y, Sun J, Gui Y, Huang Y, Zha Z, Wang Z. Copper-catalyzed enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction of silyl enol ethers with isatins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6309-6312. [PMID: 31089588 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02159k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction of silyl enol ethers with isatins catalyzed by chiral copper complexes was developed. A series of chiral 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles bearing a tetra-substituted center could be obtained exclusively with high yields (up to 95%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%). In particular, water was essential to improve the diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
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Dai L, Lin L, Zheng J, Zhang D, Liu X, Feng X. N,N′-Dioxide/Gd(OTf)3 Complex-Promoted Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Silyl Ketene Imines with Isatins: Water Plays an Important Role. Org Lett 2018; 20:5314-5318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianfeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Chitosan Aerogel Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Water: Highly Enantioselective Construction of 3-Substituted-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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2-Azanorbornane-based amine organocatalyst for enantioselective aldol reaction of isatins with ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kimura J, Subba Reddy UV, Kohari Y, Seki C, Mawatari Y, Uwai K, Okuyama Y, Kwon E, Tokiwa M, Takeshita M, Iwasa T, Nakano H. Simple Primary Amino Amide Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Aldol Reactions of Isatins with Ketones. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Kimura
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
| | - Ummareddy Venkata Subba Reddy
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kohari
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
| | - Chigusa Seki
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
| | - Yasuteru Mawatari
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
| | - Koji Uwai
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University; 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku 981-8585 Sendai Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules; Graduate School of Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Michio Tokiwa
- Tokiwakai Group; 62 Numajiri Tsuduri-chou Uchigo 973-8053 Iwaki Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Iwasa
- Division of Engineering for Composite Functions; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakano
- Department of Bioengineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Muroran Institute of Technology; 27-1 Mizumoto 050-8585 Muroran Japan
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Yu B, Xing H, Yu DQ, Liu HM. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of biologically important 3-hydroxyoxindoles: an update. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1000-1039. [PMID: 27340490 PMCID: PMC4902056 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxindole scaffolds are prevalent in natural products and have been recognized as privileged substructures in new drug discovery. Several oxindole-containing compounds have advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of different diseases. Among these compounds, enantioenriched 3-hydroxyoxindole scaffolds also exist in natural products and have proven to possess promising biological activities. A large number of catalytic asymmetric strategies toward the construction of 3-hydroxyoxindoles based on transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis have been reported in the last decades. Additionally, 3-hydroxyoxindoles as versatile precursors have also been used in the total synthesis of natural products and for constructing structurally novel scaffolds. In this review, we aim to provide an overview about the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of biologically important 3-substituted 3-hydroxyoxindoles and 3-hydroxyoxindole-based further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hui Xing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - De-Quan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Moradi R, Lashgari N. Asymmetric synthesis of chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles using isatin as starting material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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