FeCl3-catalyzed three-component reaction: a novel synthesis of tetrahydro-2,6-dioxopyrimidin-4-yl-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione derivatives under solvent-free conditions

Sulphated alumina tungstic acid (SATA): a highly efficient and novel heterogeneous mesostructured catalyst for the synthesis of pyrazole carbonitrile derivatives and evaluation of green metrics

A novel mesostructured catalyst sulphated alumina tungstic acid (SATA) has been prepared by an easy route. Various techniques such as IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, TGA and BET were used to characterize the synthesized catalyst. The catalytic activity of the meso material has been explored by synthesizing a series of new pyrazole carbonitrile derivatives from aromatic aldehydes, ethylcyanoacetate, phenylhydrazine/hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux conditions. Furthermore, the "greenness" of this protocol when estimated by green metrics, displayed satisfactory results. The protocol is free from column chromatography, and toxic solvents and is more efficient as compared to reported ones.

Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and Docking Studies of Novel Heterocyclic Derivatives Obtained via Reactions Involving Curcumin

Curcumin, a widely utilized flavor and coloring agent in food, has been shown to demonstrate powerful antioxidant, antitumor promoting and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. In the present work, synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives based on Curcumin was studied. Compound 3 was synthesized via the reaction of furochromone carbaldehyde (1) with Curcumin (2) using pipredine as catalyst. Also, novel, 4,9-dimethoxy-5H-furo [3, 2-g] chromen-5-one derivatives 4a–d, 6a–d, 7, 8a–d, 9 and 10 were synthesized by the reactions of furochromone carbaldehyde (1) with different reagents (namely: appropriate amine 3a–d, appropriate hydrazine 5a–d, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, urea/thiourea, malononitrile, malononitrile with hydrazine hydrate). The structure of the synthesized products had been confirmed from their spectroscopic data (IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectra). In the present investigation, the newly synthesized products were screened using the MTT colorimetric assay for their in vitro inhibition capacity in two human cancer cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) as well as the normal cell line (human normal melanocyte, HFB4) in comparison to the known anticancer drugs: 5-flurouracil and doxorubicin. The anticancer activity results indicated that the synthesized products 4c and 8b showed growth inhibition activity against HEPG2 cell line and synthesized products 4b and 8a showed growth inhibition activity against MCF-7, but with varying intensities in comparison to the known anticancer drugs, 5-flurouracil and doxorubicin. Cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a major cell cycle protein, was identified as a potential molecular target of Curcumin. Furthermore, Curcumin induced G1 cell cycle arrest, which is regulated by CDK2 in cancer cells. Therefore, we used molecular modelling to study in silico the possible inhibitory effect of CDK2 by Curcumin derivatives as a possible mechanism of these compounds as anticancer agents. The molecular docking study revealed that compounds 4b, 8a and 8b were the most effective compounds in inhibiting CDk2, and, this result was in agreement with cytotoxicity assay.

Recent applications of barbituric acid in multicomponent reactions

This review aims to show representative examples of multicomponent reactions utilizing barbituric acid in the synthesis of various heterocyclic structures.

Tetramethylguanidiniumchlorosulfonate ionic liquid (TMG IL): an efficient reusable catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydro-1H-benzo[a]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazin-1-ones under solvent-free conditions and evaluation for their in vitro bioassay activity

The scope and versatility of multi-component reaction has been demonstrated in this methodology are highly reactive, potent activity, ecologically cleaner route and reusability.