Total synthesis of (+)-anamarine

γ-Hydroxy Amides from Tartaric Acid: Versatile Chiral Building Blocks for the Total Synthesis of Natural Products

"Chiral pool" compounds possessing well defined stereocenters and suitable functionality serve as excellent building blocks for the synthesis of natural products and therapeutically important compounds. Tartaric acid is a C₂ -symmetric molecule available in both enantiomeric forms. It was extensively utilized in the synthesis of privileged chiral ligands/catalysts such as TADDOLs, and as a start point in the synthesis of plethora of compounds. The advent of several new C-C bond forming reactions offers opportunity for the development of novel synthetic strategies based on chiral pool compounds. We found that the desymmetrization of the bis-dimethyl amide/Weinreb amide derived from tartaric acid can be accomplished by controlled addition of Grignard /organolithium reagents leading to the mono keto amides, the reduction of which affords the γ-hydroxy amides. This account describes our research efforts of more than a decade on the synthesis and application of diverse γ-hydroxy amides derived from tartaric acid in the total synthesis of structurally simple to complex bio-active natural products.