The novel approach to indole alkaloids by using Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization

Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza-Heck Cyclization

For the first time, an aza-Heck cyclization that allows the preparation of indoline scaffolds is described. Using N-hydroxy anilines as electrophiles, which can be easily accessed from the corresponding nitroarenes, this method provides indolines bearing pendant functionality and complex ring topologies. Synthesis of challenging indolines, such as those bearing fully substituted carbon atoms at C2, is also possible using this method.