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Chaidali AG, Lykakis IN. Simple Synthetic Approach to N-(Pyridin-2-yl)imidates from Nitrostyrenes and 2-Aminopyridines via the N-(Pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as Intermediates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083321. [PMID: 37110555 PMCID: PMC10147006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile, green, synthetic protocol of several substituted N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates from nitrostyrenes and 2-aminopyridines via the corresponding N-(pyridin-2-yl)iminonitriles as intermediates is reported. The reaction process involved the in situ formation of the corresponding α-iminontriles under heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysis in the presence of Al2O3. Subsequently, α-iminonitriles were selectively transformed into the desired N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates under ambient conditions and in the presence of Cs2CO3 in alcoholic media. Under these conditions, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediols also led to the corresponding mono-substituted imidates at room temperature. The present synthetic protocol was also developed on one mmol scale, providing access to this important scaffold. A preliminary synthetic application of the present N-(pyridin-2-yl)imidates was carried out for their facile conversion into the N-heterocycles 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine in the presence of the corresponding ethylenediamine and 1,3-diaminopropane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani G Chaidali
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chen Q, Mao Z, Gao K, Guo F, Sheng L, Chen Z. Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydroquinazolines via Rearrangement of Indazolium Salts. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8750-8758. [PMID: 30011991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinazolines via rearrangement of indazolium salts was described. A mechanistic study using isotope labeling experiment revealed that the rearrangement passes through cleavage of N-N bond/ring opening after basic deprotonation of 2-benzyl in indazolium salts to yield intermediate E, which proceeds in an intramolecular N-nucleophilic addition to form the observed product. Computational analyses imply that the pathway of the rearrangement is determined by the energy barriers of the ring-closing process and the stability of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering , Southwest Forestry University , Kunming 650224 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Zhuqing Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Kunqi Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Li Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090 , China
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Chen Q, Liu X, Guo F, Chen Z. An unexpected rearrangement of pyrazolium halides based on N–N bond cleavage: synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyrimidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6792-6795. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02525d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected rearrangement of pyrazolium halides was observed, presenting an efficient approach for the synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinazolines under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
| | - Xiaoshuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- School of Municipal Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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Liu M, Namyslo JC, Nieger M, Polamo M, Schmidt A. From betaines to anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Borane, gold, rhodium, and nickel complexes starting from an imidazoliumphenolate and its carbene tautomer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2673-2681. [PMID: 28144338 PMCID: PMC5238575 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesomeric betaine imidazolium-1-ylphenolate forms a borane adduct with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by coordination with the phenolate oxygen, whereas its NHC tautomer 1-(2-phenol)imidazol-2-ylidene reacts with (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride to give the cationic NHC complex [Au(NHC)2][Cl] by coordination with the carbene carbon atom. The anionic N-heterocyclic carbene 1-(2-phenolate)imidazol-2-ylidene gives the complexes [K][Au(NHC-)2], [Rh(NHC-)3] and [Ni(NHC-)2], respectively. Results of four single crystal analyses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Polamo
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Synthetic strategy with representation on mechanistic pathway for the therapeutic applications of dihydroquinazolinones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:596-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Schmidt A, Batsyts S, Smeyanov A, Freese T, Hübner EG, Nieger M. Dipolar Bent and Linear Acetylenes Substituted by Cationic Quinolinium and Anionic Benzoates. Formation of Mesomeric Betaines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4202-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Sviatoslav Batsyts
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Alexey Smeyanov
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Tyll Freese
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Eike G. Hübner
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse
6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Liu M, Nieger M, Hübner EG, Schmidt A. Formation of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes by Tautomerization of Mesomeric Betaines: Cyclic Boron Adducts and Palladium Complexes From 2-(Imidazolium-1-yl)phenolates. Chemistry 2016; 22:5416-24. [PMID: 26929134 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
2-(Imidazolium-1-yl)phenolates are conjugated heterocyclic mesomeric betaines in tautomeric equilibrium with the corresponding N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidenes. The carbene tautomers can be trapped as thiones (X-ray analysis). Moreover, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride in THF trapped the carbene tautomer as a palladium complex without participation of the phenolate group (X-ray analysis). The corresponding anionic NHCs, 2-phenolate-substituted imidazol-2-ylidenes, can be trapped by triethylborane or triphenylborane to form 4,4-diethyl- or 4,4-diphenyl-4H-benzo[e]imidazo[2,1-c][1,4,2]oxaza-borininium-4-ides, respectively (two X-ray analyses). These tricyclic systems are the first representatives of a new heterocyclic ring system. The results of DFT calculations concerning the HOMO/LUMO profiles and partial charges are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany), Fax: (+49)-5323-722834
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eike G Hübner
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany), Fax: (+49)-5323-722834
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany), Fax: (+49)-5323-722834.
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Guan Z, Nieger M, Schmidt A. Organic Synthesis with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes of Indazole: Synthesis of Benzo(thio)imidates, Benzo[d][1,3]thiazines and Quinazoline-4-thiones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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